Augustine nke Hippo: ndụ, isi ọrụ na mmetụta ha na mmepe nke scholasticism

Avreliy Avgustin (agọziri agọzi - na Orthodox omenala na onye nkụzi nke Grace - na Catholic) - pụtara ìhè ọkà ihe ọmụma, onye nke founders nke Christian nkà mmụta okpukpe. A mụrụ ya n'afọ 354 na Numidia nwa amaala Rom na ezinụlọ-na-ekpere arụsị, ma nne ya Monica bụ Kraịst. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị ezinụlọ dị nnọọ ọgaranya, 17-afọ Aurelius zitere na-amụ ihapu otutu okwu na Carthage. E nwere ihe nkwado okwukwe maka ọdịnihu nke okpukpe ọhụrụ na ịhụnanya na a nwaanyị, ya na ha bi n'ihi na ogologo afọ 13. Ọ bụ nne nke nwa-ya - Adeodata. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ihe dị iche na -elekọta mmadụ na ndabere Augustine mgbe lụrụ ya.

Na-amụ ihapu otutu okwu, Augustine nke Hippo ghọrọ ndị nwere mmasị na nkà ihe ọmụma. Ọ nabatara Manichaeism, ma n'oge na-adịghị akwapụrụ ozizi nke Mani. Ime Mmụọ ọchịchọ na mmetụta nke nne ya kpọtara ya n'obi ndị Kraịst. Na search nke ọrụ na-eto eto rhetorician doo African n'ógbè Alaeze Ukwu Rom na 384, na ebe ahụ dị ka onye ozizi nke oratory na Mediolanum (ugbu a Milan). Edozi nso Amọraịt Kassitsiakum ọkà ihe ọmụma kere ya mbụ ịrịba ọrụ: "Megide ọmụmụ ha," "On anwụghị anwụ nke mkpụrụ obi", "On Ezi Okpukpe" na "On Free Will". Nke a akpa ogbo nke creativity e ji ukwuu mmetụta nke masị echiche ọkà mmụta okpukpe.

Mgbe Easter 387 Augustine baptism ke Mediolanum Saint Ambrose, malitere nke abụọ oge nke creativity nke Christian okwukwe. O rere ihe onwunwe ya, nyere ndị fọrọ nke nta niile ndị ogbenye, we soro ya na nne-Africa. Ma na Ostia, Monica nwụrụ. Rutere obodo nke Tagaste, ọkà ihe ọmụma, ọ tọrọ ntọala a okpukpe nke ndị mọnk. N'ihi ya, ọ na-ewere na nchoputa nke ndi mọnk iji nke Augustinians. Na oge a na e dere ya ọrụ ewepụtara okpukpe na Ecclesiastical na nkọwa okwu ( "The Book of Genesis"), nkọwa nke akwukwo ozi nke Apostle Paul, a inem megide Donatists. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere a dị ebube ọkà mmụta okpukpe "Nkwupụta."

The kasị na-amị mkpụrụ a na-akpọ-atọ oge (410-430), mgbe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị a họpụtara presbyter na mbụ, na mgbe e mesịrị Bishop nke Hippo (obodo nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom na North Africa). Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ na nkà ihe ọmụma nke Avgustina Blazhennogo ruru ya kasị elu mmepe. Ọkà mmụta okpukpe ka na-achọ azụ nkwenkwe ha, na oké nyochasiri ha ( "Idegharị"). Ajụjụ nke Christology (ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ Chineke agwa of Christ) na-egosi na ọrụ "On Atọ n'Ime Otu" na okirikiri nke treatises megide Pelagius. The kasị dị ịrịba ama na-arụ ọrụ nke ọkà mmụta okpukpe a na-ewere ọrụ «De civitate Dei» - «City nke Chineke."

The 22 akwụkwọ nke oru ọkà mmụta okpukpe mbụ agbali nyochaa dum akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro, ịghọta nzube nke ọha mmadụ na ụzọ nke ya mmepe. Ya mere Augustine atụle nchoputa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà ihe ọmụma. Social ndụ a na-metụtara Alaeze Chineke, dị ka a nwoke (e kere eke) na Onye Okike. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ọdịda nke Adam, kpọrọ mmadụ na-uka, kewapụrụ na Chineke, ma ọ pụrụ abịa azụ Ya site n'amara Chineke, - kwuru St. Augustine. Nkà ihe ọmụma nke a ọkà mmụta okpukpe weere na nke ọha mmadụ dị ka a na-aga n'ihu ije site na ndagwurugwu mmiri, nke a chụpụrụ Adam na Iv, site City of Earth (steeti) na Castle nke Eluigwe (ebe mgbe ebighị ebi na omume izu okè eze).

N'ihi ya, St. Augustine ese na akụkọ ihe mere eme na okwu nke linear oge. Nke a bụ a nke ebe bụ ogologo, n'ihi na e nweghị oge na mgbe ebighị ebi. Chineke gwara ndị mere eme - niile na abụghị ikpe, akụkụ nke atụmatụ na ebumnuche nke Okike. The ala, n'echiche a, na-eme ka a dị mkpa ogbo nke development. Ọkà ihe ọmụma dabeere na-amụ Bible na-egosipụta asaa epochs nke elekọta mmadụ na mmepe: ise mbụ - bụ akụkọ nke ndị Juu na ndị tupu a mụọ Kraịst. Ndị na-ewe nke isii oge, nke ga-agwụ agwụ gara aga, Ikpe, na mgbe ahụ na-amalite dị ka a kọwara n'akwụkwọ Mkpughe nke asaa ogbo, mgbe niile ndị ezi omume ga-ebi ruo mgbe ebighị ebi n'Eluigwe Jerusalem. Ọha mmadụ ya mmepe na-agagharị n'ebe a ego obodo n'ime a Chineke na-achịkwa ndị isi nke Church. Nke a ozizi nke Augustine e dị ka ihe ndabere nke Roman Catholic Church ndị agha nke investiture.