Ben Bernanke na echiche ya na aku na uba

Ben udo Bernanke we dị ka onyeisi oche nke Board of Governors nke Federal Reserve System 01.02.06, dochie ya Alana Grinspena. Congress kpebiri n'ihi Bernanke maara otú ego iwu so mee ka Oké Ndakpọ, ma kwere na onu oriri ezubere iche.

nsogbu manager

Iji gbochie a zuru ụwa ọnụ na ịda mbà n'obi ná mmalite nkebi nke ichekwa ego na bank na nsogbu, ya kere a ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ na ngwaọrụ na nri.

Bernanke ada US Federal Reserve, mgbe ọ ghọrọ a ọrụ ọhụrụ ime, n'ihi na ihe atụ, zọpụta Bear Stearns na insurance ibu nke AIG, na-enye ha a $ 150 ijeri enyemaka. Iji kwụsị zuru ụwa ọnụ egwu, na nri rịọtaara ego oru nke $ 540 ijeri.

Ben Bernanke (picture e mesịrị ke ibuotikọ) na-kewapụrụ mụbaa arụmọrụ ke oghe ahịa, mgbe n'onwe ya belata mmasị ọnụego na-abụghị iji tinye njedebe nke nsogbu na 2008. Ọ na-achụ a iwu nke n'out oge mbenata ogologo oge mmasị udu na dịkwuo mkpụmkpụ-okwu.

Ben Bernanke steepụ ala dị ka isi nke nri si January 31, 2014 na o dochie mbụ osote onye isi nke Federal Reserve Dzhenet Yellen, onye bụ ọmịiko ya atumatu.

Mkpa maka US aku na uba

Onyeisi oche nke ndị Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke-ahụ maka oru nke US ego iwu. Mkpa nke ọrụ nke Federal Reserve amụbawo nke ukwu n'elu ikpeazụ afọ iri, dị ka nnukwu mba ụgwọ siere gbasara ego obodo iwu management. Dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nke Federal Reserve Bernanke bu isi aku ọkachamara nke mba ahụ, na okwu ya nwere mmetụta na ngwaahịa ahịa na dollar. N'oge ya n'umu ka onyeisi oche nke Federal Reserve System kacha mkpa onye na United States, nke mere na ụwa aku na uba.

Ime onyeisi oche nke Federal Reserve

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na definition na mmejuputa iwu nke ego iwu siworo Federal Kọmitii na-emeghe ahịa arụmọrụ, na nri onyeisi oche omenala na-edu ndú. Ebe ọ bụ na a họpụtara ya, ruo afọ anọ, ọ na-atụ anya na ọ bụ ihe onwe ha karịa ihe hoputara ukara onye bụ na Ntuli. Nke a na-enye ohere na nri na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge, kama na-emeghachi omume na-adịghị adịte ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nrụgide. Tools na nri, dị ka gọọmenti etiti ego ọnụego, na-eme nwayọọ nwayọọ, n'ihi na ọnwa isii. The US aku na uba bụ dị ka a nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri kwesịrị a nwayọọ nwayọọ na-direction. Monetary iwu "stop-aga" na-eduga ná ejighị n'aka, nke bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na-akpata nke stagflation nke 1970.

Crisis of 2008 obodo nke

Ọ bụrụ na Bernanke na-nnọọ creatively etinyere na ngwaọrụ dị ka ya. Previous chairmen na-eji na gọọmenti etiti ego ọnụego - azụ ya kwụsị onu oriri ma ọ bụ zie iji gbochie a nlaazu. Na oge site na September 2007 na December 2008 Bernanke ike belata ọnụego ugboro 10 site 5.25% na 0%.

Ma ọ bụ na-ezu iji weghachi liquidity nke anoghi n'ulo oba, suke mgbe ndabere nke subprime mortgages. Ndị a mgbazinye ego e hazigharịrị na-ere dị ka mortgage-kụziri ala ka mgbagwoju anya na ọ dịghị onye n'ezie apụghị chepụta bụ ndị nwere ihe ọjọọ ụgwọ.

N'ihi ya, mmiri kwụsịrị na-agbazinye mkpụmkpụ-okwu, nke a na-na-eji dị ka a n'ụzọ izute nri nke idobere chọrọ. Na Bernanke Nzaghachi ha nọrọ jụụ, zie mmasị udu, na n'ikpeazụ, o nyere a mbinye ego site na ego window.

Mgbe nke ahụ bụ ezughị, na December 2007, o kere ndị TAF enweta ego site na nke na nri gbazinyere mmiri ọtụtụ ijeri dollar, na-ewere dị ka ihe nnochianya ọjọọ ụgwọ. TAF e kwesịrị ịbụ a nwa oge ụfọdụ ruo mgbe ego oru echela ọjọọ ji, na ọzọ na-amalite na-agbazinye ọ bụla ọzọ. Mgbe nke a emeghị, ndị TAF e-ibu, na-eru a ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke $ 1 enweta puku ijeri na June 2008.

Nzọpụta nke ụwa ego usoro

Bernanke na-arụ ọrụ na Central anoghi n'ulo oba gburugburu ụwa iji weghachi liquidity, mgbe n'aka ahịa froze. Ọ ụba overnights na mkpụmkpụ-okwu n'aka gbanwee edoghi na-iji nọgide na-na ngwaahịa nke US ego mgbe erekwa na mba ndị ọzọ 180 ijeri dollar. Nke a dị mkpa n'ihi na mmiri malitere masịrị stocking ego. Ha we tua egwu-agbazinye onye ọ bụla ọzọ n'ihi na ha chọrọ ịnọ na ewepụtara subprime mortgages.

Na April 2008, Federal Reserve onyeisi oche Ben Bernanke ẹkenịmde ya nke mbụ ya pụrụ iche nnọkọ nke ikpeazụ 30 afọ-ekwe nkwa Bear Stearns mgbazinye ego nke mere na JP Morgan pụrụ ịzụta ha. Ọ bụ omume na-zere a ndabere na ego nke 10 puku ijeri dollar, nke a na-ekesịpde site Bear Stearns, na mmiri nwere ike ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa na-eze ume na enyemaka. N'oge II sq. Ke 2008 aku na uba na-eto, na ọtụtụ chere na a ọdachi e gbochiri.

Ma na September 2008, ụwa nnukwu mkpuchi ụlọ ọrụ AIG mara ọkwa omume odida. AIG Worldwide ịnshọransị mortgage mgbazinye ego nke puku ijeri dollar. Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-emezughị, ọ ga-afụ ụfụ ọ bụla akụ, oke ego na ụgwọ ezumike nká ego dị ka ihe akpan owo nwere mortgage-kụziri ala. Bernanke kwuru AIG support iwe ya karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ n'oge nlaazu. AIG were ize ndụ na-abụghị usoro ngwaahịa, dị ka kaadị ndabere swaps, iji ego policyholders bi.

nnyocha

Ọtụtụ omeiwu na economists nwere katọrọ "Helicopter Ben," n'ihi na ọgwụ n'ime akụ na ụba nke ọtụtụ puku ijeri dollar, nke nwere ike nwere ike ime ka onu oriri na-abawanye na ụgwọ. Ndị ọzọ na-ata ụta ya na eziokwu na ọ dị nnọọ na-ịhụ a nlaazu. Ọ na ebubo na zoro ezo nke ihe ọmụma banyere mmiri na natara ruo $ 2 puku ijeri na TAF mgbazinye ego. Rep Ron Pol na ndị ọzọ na-akpọ maka na nri oditi na-egosi na єtih finansovіh aha nke oru. Ben Bernanke, na reviews nke nke ọtụtụ ndị omeiwu adịghị nnọọ ka okwu ire ụtọ, kara ghara inwe re-oru na January 2010. Ma Obama mere ya na ala.

Ndụ mgbe ezumike nká

Obere oge mgbe arụkwaghịm bịara a akwụkwọ nke na-echeta banyere nsogbu na ya pụta, na-ede akwụkwọ nke nke bụ Ben Bernanke. "Nwee Obi Ike ime" na-akọwa oge nke ya n'umu na isi nke na nri, na nwekwara a nkwupụta na ọ bụ agaghịkwa a Republican n'ihi na ọ bụ na ike gwụrụ nke "pụrụ ịrịa nke òtù a party na amaghi nke oké nri." Dị ka ya, taa, ọ bụ a na-agafeghị oke na onwe ha echiche ịnọgide otú n'ọdịnihu.

Ke adianade do, ọ bụ ya bụ akwụkwọ nke na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na aku na uba, ndị gụnyere:

• "Non-ego na-esi nke na ego nsogbu na Mgbasa nke Oké Ndakpọ"
• "Macroeconomics Oké Ndakpọ"
• "Onu oriri Ezubere: Lessons nke International Ụtọ"
• akwụkwọ ọgụgụ "Macroeconomics" (Ben Bernanke, Endryu Abel).

Na February 2014, ọ ghọrọ onye asọpụrụ full so na Brookings Institution. Na-adụ ọdụ Hutchins Center na-agwa ọha na eze banyere tax na monitarnoy iwu na-akwalite ya irè.

Ben Bernanke: biography

Bernanke a mụrụ 13/12/53 na Augusta (GA), na toro Dillon (South Carolina). Ben nna bụ a ọgwụ, na nne-ya - a nkụzi.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 12, o meriri obodo mkpoputa mpi maka ihe ọmụma. Ọ kụziiri ya esi na integral Calculus, ebe a isiokwu na-anọghị na ya akwụkwọ. Ben nwekwara egwuri altsaksofone.

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Faculty of Economics na Harvard University (1975) na natara ya Ph.D. na MIT (1979).

Ben Bernanke na nwunye ya Anna lụrụ May 29, 1978 Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ.

Ọ malitere ịkụzi ihe akụnụba na Stanford University, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ 1979-1985, karị. Full prọfesọ, ọ malitere na 1985, mgbe ọ kwagara Princeton University, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a na-eleta prọfesọ na New York University na MIT. O bipụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe na a nso nke aku na uba na nsogbu, na Vol. H. On isiokwu nke macroeconomics, ego iwu, Akwa Iduọ na azụmahịa okirikiri.

Ọ natara a Guggenheim Fellowship na a Sloan Foundation, na na 2001 ghọrọ nchịkọta akụkọ nke "American Economic Review". N'afọ na-esonụ, a họpụtara ya ka onye so na nri si Board of Governors, na mara ya nke ọma nnyocha na diplomacy mgbe echiche dị iche n'etiti ndị na-achị. Bernanke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmetụta pụtara ìhè na n'oge 2005 mgbe a họpụtara ya onyeisi oche nke Board President na aku na uba na okwu.

Na 2009, "Time" magazine aha ya Man of the Year.

nkà ihe ọmụma

Ben Bernanke bụ obere nkwuwa okwu karịa Greenspan, bụ onye na-gwara na isiokwu metụtara ego iwu, gụnyere na-ekwu banyere ego mpe na tax he. Ọ bụkwa na-arụsi ọrụ supporter nke ọzọ uzo nke Federal Reserve System, nke o doro anya na ọdịiche ya si "fedyaza" Greenspan, onye ọ na-na ahịa bụghị overreacted ya kwuru.

Isi Iyi nke ozi, nke na-enye ohere iji nweta ihe echiche banyere onye na nkà ihe ọmụma, kwalitere site Ben Bernanke - akwụkwọ na Economist comments.

onu oriri ezubere iche

Ben Bernanke, na nri gbanwere ụzọ oge Greenspan malitere igosi kpọmkwem space iche maka onu oriri. Ezie na ọtụtụ European anoghi n'ulo oba, gụnyere ndị Bank of England na Europe Central Bank, ka kpọmkwem zaa, na United States mere abụghị, na Greenspan bụghị a supporter nke ndị dị otú ahụ na-abịaru nso.

Na mmalite ụbọchị nke Bernanke ndị a bụ isi na nkà ihe ọmụma na ndịrịta iche ndị na Greenspan kpaliri ahịa. Ekwe omume nke na-akpụ akpụ a iwu nke ezubere iche nchegbu ụfọdụ nnyocha na, dị ka Greenspan mgbe gbalịrị na-a siri ike nzọ. Nke a adịghị eru ha ala e tutu amama mgbe Bernanke kwụsịrị kwupụtara kpọmkwem ọgụgụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na aka iso iwu nke ukwuu openness nke nri, karịsịa mgbe na njedebe nke 2007 na ụba ugboro nke amụma. The Federal Reserve malitere ebipụta quarterly amụma maka aku n'uba na ahịa, tụnyere gara aga ọkara kwa afọ. Ha malitekwara ekpuchi afọ atọ, jiri ya tụnyere afọ abụọ tupu mgbe.

deflation

The ọmụmụ Benom Bernanke Akwa Iduọ kụnyere n'ime ya a na ndụ nwere mmasị na mmetụta nke deflation na ya mmetụta na ndụ ndị mmadụ. Ọ na-enwetara a ike mkporomaasi ka deflation na a siri ike mesiri ike na ya mgbochi.

Mmetụta o nwere banyere nke a sụrụ mgbe na November 2002, o nyere a okwu-akpọ "Deflation: Olee iji hụ ya na-anọghị." O zoro aka echiche nke Economist Milton Friedman banyere na-atụnye ego n'ime aku na uba na helikopta. Amụba liquidity nke ahịa site na ịba ụba nnweta ego maka borrowers na ala mmasị ọnụego maka agbaziri ibu na-enyere na-akpali ndị aku na uba na kwụsị deflationary nsogbu. Otú ọ dị, na onodu nke nzukọ, ọ bụ iji gosi na usoro nke nri ngwaọrụ na o nwere mgbe ya na-achịkwa, ọbụna n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke efu ọnụego.

onu oriri

Mgbe curbing deflationary mgbali site na ịba ụba na ọkọnọ nke ego anya nwere ike a n'ụzọ doro anya inflationary N'ihi ya, ọ pụtaghị na Bernanke eleda onu oriri. Ọ na-akwado ya ezubere iche iji chebe dịtụ ala na ike na ọkwa-aka nkwado aku n'uba.

Ben Bernanke (virtual kaadị): reviews

The aha nke a ma ama na akụ na ụba bụ onye mere ka ụwa na ego usoro si na nsogbu, esighi na-uru nke fraudsters. "Total" maka 444 rubles, ha na-ekwe nkwa na-akwụ ụgwọ 2-59 puku. Rubles. Ntuziaka na-ebu a video, nke na-ekwu Ben Bernanke. Virtual map, reviews nke nwere ike hụrụ na Internet - a usoro nke wayo withdrawals si adị mfe ịghọgbu ụmụ amaala. Na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.

Ben Bernanke - Economist - ọma ọfiọkde mmetụta nke Akwa Iduọ Ndutịm Uforo, otu n'ime ndị kasị US ego ọdachi, na ya style e hiwere site ọrụ afọ na Federal Reserve System. Ya oru aka iso N'ezie setịpụrụ ya ụzọ, na ọma natara site ego ahịa, ebe ọ bụ na continuity nke onyeisi oche nke na nri bụ isi ihe na ha kwụsiri ike.