Dada - ihe bụ nke a? Representatives Dada sere

Na ụwa nke oge a, ndị mmadụ na-akwụ ụgwọ pụrụ iche dị mkpa ka ha na omenala na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi development. Ọ bụkwaghị iji ndidi a ọkachamara ke otu ebe iji nọgide na-akpali mkparịta ụka na onye nwere ọgụgụ isi ụlọ ọrụ.

Iji na-na ndụ ma ghara ida ihu na oké egwu oge, anyị ga-mgbe niile webata ma na-amụta ihe ọhụrụ.

Onye ọ bụla nke weere ya otu nwoke gụrụ akwụkwọ na a ọgaranya ele ihe anya, ga-aghọta kacha nta azah art na eserese, n'ihi na ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị isiokwu ụka ị na-amaghị ndị mmadụ na onye nwere ọgụgụ isi mmadụ.

E nwere ọtụtụ ekwekọghị na dị iche iche ugboro mepụtakwara site nka na dere, si oge gboo ka imefusị prim na anarchic nzuzo.

Taa, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere otu n'ime ndị kasị na-ekwu banyere n'ụdị nke iri abụọ na narị afọ - banyere Dada.

Dadaism: Definition

Dị ka ị maara, na mmalite nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ, ndị mmadụ tiri ha obi ọjọọ na-emekpọ ibe. Ụwa dum na-a aja nke ọgụ Mmetụta n'ihi ịchọ ọdịmma onwe, ezi uche na ọbụna maniacal omume nke ụfọdụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Enweghị afọ ojuju pụta mụbara. All a na-akwakọba erughị ala na nghọtahie nke ihe na-eme splashed site ntụziaka nke creativity n'oge ahụ.

Dada n'onwe ya - ọ bụ ihe avant-garde art direction, ọdọhọde niile iwu na nanị agba Nchikota doro anya edoghi na geometric shapes. Na 1916, nka, idem ama akpa dị egwu nke agha, ndị chọpụtara nke a na-emekarị na akwụkwọ, music, sere, nkiri na sinima. Nke a na ụdị kitsch, ha gbalịrị iji gosi na ha nlelị maka ọchịchị, ya cynicism, enweghị mmadu, mgbagha, na obi ọjọọ nke ghọrọ, na ha chere, ihe na-akpata nke iseokwu n'etiti abụọ mba.

Na-eso Ụzọ nke ebe ndị dị otú dị ka dada - surrealism, bụ ndị na-agọnahụ aesthetic.

Inwe Nkụda Mmụọ, mmetụta nke meaninglessness nke ịdị, iwe na enweghị okwukwe na a obi ụtọ n'ọdịnihu - na-akpatara ndị a na-emekarị, negating niile iwu nke mara mma.

Dada - style na n'ihu ọha mkpesa agha edinam na bourgeoisie, na-agbalị ogba aghara na ọchịchị Kọmunist.

Ebe aha

N'ihi na aha nke ndị dị otú ahụ a eruba, na-egosipụta na ngụkọta meaninglessness na ịbụ ihe na-eme na ike nke afọ ndị ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịchọta ihe kwesịrị ekwesị okwu.

Tristan Ttsana, na-agbalị ịchọta onye kwesịrị ekwesị aha maka ọhụrụ style, leafed site dictionary na asụsụ nke Negro ebo na wee gafee okwu "dada".

Ya mere Dada - bụ si sụgharịa asụsụ nke African ebo Crewe - ọdụ nke ehi. Mgbe e mesịrị ya tụgharịa na na ụfọdụ n'ógbè Italy ha na-akpọ a nurse na nne ya, dị ka nke ọma dị ka "Dada" dị yiri nnọọ nwa atagherila ọnụ.

The artist chere na a mma aha a avant-garde direction, na ọ dịghị mkpa.

The founders nke eruba

Dada mụrụ n'otu oge na Zurich na New York, ọ bụla na mba onwe ha. Na founders nke mgbochi aesthetic na ọnọdụ na-agụnye: na-ede uri na-ede egwuregwu nke German Hugo Ball, Richard Hyulzenbeka, Samuel Rosenstock - French na Romanian ede uri (a Jew site mba), mma mara ọha na eze n'okpuru aha nke Tristan Tzara, ndị German na French na-ede uri, ọkpụ na-ese Arp Jean , ndị German-French artist Max Ernst na Marcel Janco - Israel na Romanian ese. All ndị a ma ama na ndị mmadụ - na-egbuke egbuke nnọchiteanya nke Dadaism na sere, akwụkwọ, music na ndị ọzọ na ubi nke art.

The ebe mgbakọ, nke họọrọ maka onwe ya, otu a nke okike ndị mmadụ, bụ "Cabaret Voltaire". Almanac nyere site Dadaists nke oge, na-agba aha a alụmdi.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na n'elu onye weere founders tụlere anyị N'ezie, a ole na ole ọtụtụ iri afọ tupu ya oruru mara na ụwa dum "ụlọ akwụkwọ fuizma", kere site artist Artur Sapekom na onye dere Alphonse ale na mbubreyo iri na itoolu na narị afọ, ọ gafeworo nkà na ngwá ọrụ ndị na-ebu nile bụ isi ọnọdụ nke a.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bohemian ọrụ na Dada style, biri na France na Germany, ebe ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ n'oge jikọrọ ya avant-garde na surrealism.

Dada na Russia nweela maara aha ekele ama Moscow na Rostov Nichevke edemede otu, ma site na njedebe nke ya adị.

Site na 1923, ọ gbanwere ntụziaka nke a ọhụrụ na mkpa mba mmetụta na ọnọdụ. Dadaists retrained na expressionists na surrealists.

Dada sere

The kasị ewu ewu na ụdị nkà na a style na-atụle ga a collage: ọtụtụ nka, dabeere na ọ bụla kwesịrị ekwesị ihe onwunwe, mado ya dị iche iche iberibe acha akwụkwọ, ákwà, na ndị ọzọ na anya-akụta ihe.

Dada sere bụ futuristic na constructivist na ọdịdị, ebe mmasị e nyere ndị artificially kere ígwè akpọkwa, kama nwoke na mkpụrụ obi ya.

Fans nke a na-emekarị na ha creativity na-agbalị ibibi omenala asụsụ nke ọdịbendị na broadest uche nke okwu.

All nnọchiteanya nke Dada art n'ọrụ ya kpamkpam agọnahụ niile ezi uche ime, ghọrọ usoro ihe karịrị narị afọ ime mmụọ na-elekọta mmadụ n'ụkpụrụ iwu, kama ịkwa parading na-enweghị isi, mkpari na nzuzu arealistichnostyu ya osise na collages. Otú ọ dị, ha nwere a oké ihe ịga nke ọma, dị ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu-agbanwe agbanwe na ala nke ọha na eze.

E nweghị ọzọ njikọ chiri anya ntụziaka nke akwụkwọ karịa Dada sere. Artists nke oge ndị na-esikarị na Nchikota, ya mere, na ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba gosiri n'ụzọ na ọrụ ha abụọ a ebe (R. Hausmann, G. Arp, K. Shviters, F. Picabia).

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, a pụrụ iche mmetụta na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke Dadaists nwere "fumizma" akwụkwọ.

Representatives Dada mụtara ọtụtụ ihe site na-arụ ọrụ nke onye na-ese Marcel Duchamp ọrụ ndị avant-garde nghazi na mmalite nke ya ọrụ.

The na-ese na ọrụ ya nyere a isi ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, unremarkable achị na n'ụzọ ụfọdụ - kwa Dadaism. Ihe Nlereanya nke ya ọrụ - a "crusher maka chocolate №2» na «The wheel nke bike."

Ya creativity, artist, nakwa dị ka niile Dadaists, nnyịn asak kasị mgbaru ọsọ na ihe ndị kasị mkpa ọrụ ke art, na-akpọ maka nnwere onwe nke na nkà na ara.

Dada na ụda nke music na abu

Ke adianade eserese, na Dadaists na weghaara akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke creativity. Ha jisiri ikpokọta ke kiet ke otu ngosi eserese, oké music, na-agụ edemede ọrụ na-agba egwú.

Kurt Shviters - Dadaist, bụ onye ghọrọ nchepụta nke ụda uri, nke ọ kpọrọ "a ezigbo uri." Na ụdị ngosi nke edemede akụkọ ji ekpuchi na music, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-egosi na mkpọtụ nke agha na a uri. Ndị a poems na-ebu a uche si mgbochi agha na atiburzhuaznoy mgbaasị. Ede uri emo ha ike ma guzosie ike omume.

Ọzọkwa akụkụ nke ọha na eze àjà poems na-agwa bụghị okwu na nkebi ahịrịokwu, na-enwe nke a set nke ụda, akwụkwọ ozi, iti mkpu na-ada oké ụda.

Dada - ọ bụkwa ndị music ada site na ndị dị otú ahụ a ma ama ndị mmadụ dị ka: Francis Pikebiya, Zhorzh Ribemon-Desey, Erwin Shulhoff, Hans Heusser, Albert Sevigny, Erik Satie. Ha ikwọ, ndị mmadụ agwa na gosiri kachasi mkpa nke anụmanụ na otu, ọ bụghị mgbe nile doro anya na ndị dị mfe obibi.

Egwú nke a, kwa, ọ bụghị dị iche a set nke ezigbo na yiri mmegharị, ekike na dancers na-dụkọta ke ẹbọ nke a zigzag-cubism, nke ahụ emeghị tinye ha aesthetics.

Dadaists, ike gwụrụ nke mba ịkpọasị, nke mere agha, ná nrọ nke ihe mmadụ nke ụwa dịrị n'otu na otu dum. Favorite e "Cabaret Voltaire", bụ nke yiri ka Bohemia ezigbo okike, bụ: African music, Jazz na-akpọ balalaika.

Art na Germany

Na Germany Dada - bụ, n'elu ihe nile, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpesa, kwuru site ndị dị otú ahụ ihe ọbụna n'okpuru ala art.

Artistic iche iche nke mba na-adịghị otú vehemently jụrụ pụtara creativity, dị ka ndị nnọchianya nke a style na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu. Ebe a Dada nwere kama a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị-elekọta mmadụ agwa na gosiri niile ilu nke ndị mmadụ mere site agha na ya pụta n'ụdị a laa n'iyi na-enweghị ike ibili si ya n'ala ala.

Ọzọkwa German Dadaists H. Hench na G. Gross, n'ọrụ ya, obi ebere n'ebe Russia, emi odude na na oge na a ala nke mgbanwe.

Dada na narị afọ nke 20 ka na me ịrịba onyinye nkà, mgbe Gross, Hartfield, Heche na Hausmann mepụtara a photomontage, na wepụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị magazin.

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1920 na nsọpụrụ nke agha intelligentsia depụtara n'elu na-ahazi Dada Fair, nke na-adọta bohemians si gburugburu ụwa.

Ọ na Germany, ọ na-e enwekwukwa collage, dị ka symbiosis na Cubism na ndị nwere ihe nke photomontage.

Na mgbakwunye na-arụ ọrụ na ntụziaka nke sere, Husman na-eme ka a dị ịrịba ama onyinye ọrụ odide, n'ihu ọha na eze a ole na ole "nkịtị" poems, esịnede nanị nke a set nke ụda, reminiscent nke shamanic igbu mkporohihi.

Ndị nne na nna Dadaist sinima kwere Richter na Egelenga.

na France

Dada art karịsịa buu okwu France ebe ya inception ọ malitere ọbụna tupu aha a ije.

Preddadaistskimi na-arụ ọrụ nke ama ama ọgụgụ dị ka Duchamp, Picabia na "na-ede uri na oku okpu" - adọkpụ.

Ikpeazụ magazine tọhapụrụ "ozugbo", ebe mkparị siri na-eme nnyocha ndị e mere, gụnyere mepụtakwara akụkọ.

Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ biri na nchoputa nke Dada Tristan Ttsana.

Paris-atụle ga-a fount nke avant-garde nke oge. Erik Satie, Picasso na Koto kere scandalous balet, adịghị dabara n'ime echiche nke oge gboo ụkpụrụ. Ná mba a na, mgbe niile na-ebu Dada ngosi, manifestos, ngosi na releases a ọtụtụ magazin.

Duchamp arụpụta ama eserese reworked ochie. Dada atụle a ezi masterpiece na Mona Lisa na a afụ ọnụ pririsoval na-anabatakwa aha "Ọ na-ama egwu ọkụ."

Ernest, eke ya eserese, na-eji akwụkwọ ya ochie Mbipụta. Ọ na-enye nkọwa a doo anya na ihe niile, ma ha na-n'elu-jupụta na nwa ọchị.

Ttsana Ụlọikpe chịrị na ọha na eze ndị dị ịrịba ama na-arụ ọrụ "Gas Heart", nke na 1923 bụ a ntịme n'ime mkpakọrịta "Dada," na Andre Breton akpọ ndị gbawara n'etiti eruba na ụdi guzobere surrealism.

Na 1924 Ttsana oge ikpeazụ bụ ọdachi "handikachifu n'ígwé ojii."

Dada na New York

Abụọ n'ụlọ ole na ole NY, nke ghọọ a ogige eden a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-achọghị ọchịchị nke mba ndị ọzọ na nka.

Marsel Dyushan, Francis Picabia, Beatris Vud na Mann Ray ibu obi nke United States of America Dada, n'oge na-adịghị esonyere Arthur Crewe evading conscription France. Ha gosipụtawo ọrụ ha na gallery Alfreda Shtiglitsa na n'ulo di na nwunye Arensberg.

New York Dada manifestos na-adịghị haziri, ha kwuru na ha na echiche site akwụkwọ ndị dị ka "ìsì" na "New York Dada", ebe ha na-akatọ ndị na omenala, endorses ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.

American Dadaism dị nnọọ iche si European, o meghịkwa ihe a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpesa, na dabeere na ọchị.

Na 1917 Duchamp gosipụtawo a urinal nka na ngosi, nke rapaara a ịrịba ama sị "The Iyi", nke rụpụtara na ujo nke na-ege ntị. Machibidoro Iwu n'ụbọchị ndị ahụ, ọkpụkpụ ugbu a weere a ncheta nke modernism.

N'ihi na ọpụpụ nke ama Dadaist Duchamp ụlọ ọrụ dara.

Na Netherlands,

Na Netherlands kasị ama Dadaists ghọrọ Théo van Desburg onye nyere a magazine na-akpọ "De Stizhl". The peeji nke akwụkwọ a, ọ jupụtara ọrụ ma ama na-eso ụzọ nke avant-garde style.

Ya na ndị enyi na Vilmos Shtirvesom Huszarom na nwunye ya Nelly van Disberg o kere Dutch ụlọ ọrụ Dada.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Disberga a chọpụtara na ya na magazin o bipụtara poems nke aka ya, Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru pseudonym nke ik Bonset.

pụta Dada

Site na njedebe nke 1924 dị ka a iche iche Dada ije na art ka kwụsịrị ịdị adị. Ọ jikọrọ ya surrealism na-elekọta mmadụ nsiridi na France na na modernism na Germany. Ọ pụta oge nke mba obi nkoropụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-akpọ obu ụzọ nke postmodernism.

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọtụtụ ndị Dada nka kwagara United States.

Adolf Hitler, na-aghọta na ha ideals, atụle nkà nke "Dada" mebiri emebi, na-emerụ ezi (ya uche) uru na-erughị eru inweta ndụ style, ya mere, ọ na-achụ, na-etinye na a n'ogige ịta ahụhụ ndị nka onye na-arụ ọrụ na nke a. Otutu ndị dara na German mara ụlọikwuu nka nwere ndị Juu na mgbọrọgwụ, na njikọ na nke ndị e kpughere egwu ịta na okowot.

Echiche nke Dada na ugbu a gosi na mgbochi-art na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị iche iche nke bohemians ka ihe atụ, "a cacophony nke ọha mmadụ." Ọzọkwa ewu ewu otu "Chamboemba" nwere ezi-akpọ onwe ya onye na-eso nke Dada.

Ụfọdụ ndị so dee kwere Lenin so Club Dada, dị ka ọ na-ekere òkè a Balalaika eti egwú, nke mma na-ege ntị na "Cabaret Voltaire", na ruo oge ụfọdụ o biri ndụ adịghị anya site ụlọ, ebe kpọkọtara ndị nnọchiteanya nke a na-emekarị.

N'oge ruo n'oge ma ama ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-ahazi ihe ngosi nke ọrụ Dadaist direction. Nke a ngosi ẹkenịmde ke 2006 na Museum nke Contemporary Art, emi odude ke Paris, na Washington, DC, na National Gallery of Art na Center Georges Pompidou na Paris. Fashion ọrụ na "Dada" style - a ụtụ ahụ ndị nka onye nwụrụ n'oge Nazi Germany.

Ya mere, ka nkenke ichikota ihe bụ nke a n'ihi na, na-akọwa ya isi ùgwù.

• Dada bụ nkà na antipolitical na bourgeois na ikuziri. Ọ gọrọ niile ezi uche, aesthetic na nke ime mmụọ, na-edegharị na omume nke na ndị ọchịchị nke oge ahụ.
• Sere - kacha mkpa okirikiri na narị afọ nke 20, nke juputara Dadaism. Artists na-arụ ọrụ a na ike, mgbe mgbe, iji collage, nke na-agwakọta a dịgasị iche iche nke na-egbuke egbuke iberibe nri nke ihe, akwụkwọ akụkọ Clippings na foto Montage.
• Music nyere site ekpe a na-emekarị, nke bụ ọdịdị nke mkpọtụ.
• Literature na-bụ nnọọ ihe bara uru, tumadi mepụtara nke Dadaists ghọrọ uri nke okwu na-eji kama ụda, reminiscent nke akpọku ndị bụ chi nke oge ochie ndị mmadụ.
• Movies na ejije na a na-emekarị bụ na-ezi uche na incoherent nwere iju aha.
• Ha ọkpụkpụ - a bụ nkịtị eji eme ihe kwa ụbọchị ihe. Dada kasị ama ncheta - a urinal, nke na-ede akwụkwọ na-akpọ ya "Iyi".
• The choreography style na-kwupụtara na-enyemaka nke dancers yi ekike unsightly.
• Antics bohemians nke oge a pụrụ ịkpọ a ngosipụta nke Dada na omenala omume.

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-aghọta ihe style of "Dada" na na njikọ na nke ya ebiliwo, kọwara ya aha, na-ekwu banyere ya founders, hụrụ iche Dada na mba dị iche iche ma na-ele na ya isi itie ke music, akwụkwọ, sere, sinima , na-agba egwú na ije.

Anyị na-atụ na anyị na-enwe ike zaa gị niile ajụjụ.