Desensitizing mmadụ: a ndepụta na nkọwa

Desensitizing elekọta mmadụ (antiallergics, Antihistamines) - ọgwụ ndị e ji mee ihe na ọgwụgwọ nke anabata ọnọdụ. The usoro nke ihe nke dị otú ahụ na-egosi na ụdị nke igbochi H1-histamine anabata. Ya mere, a suppression nke histamine mmetụta - isi ogbugbo umi na-enye ọtụtụ nke ọdịdị nke nfụkasị mgbaàmà.

Histamine mata si anụ anụ ahụ na 1907, na 1936, na, mbụ ọgwụ ọjọọ e chọpụtara nke gbochie ihe nke a umi. Ọtụtụ nnyocha na-egosi na ọ bụ site na ya mmetụta na gistaminoretseptory akụkụ okuku ume na usoro, anụ ihe na anya na-eme ka na-ahụkarị ihe mgbaàmà nke allergies na Antihistamines nwere ike ebelata a mmeghachi omume.

Nhazi ọkwa nke desensitizing mmadụ na usoro nke mmetụta na dị iche iche nke allergies:

• ọgwụ ozugbo ụdị nfụkasị Jeremaya.

• ọgwụ maka egbu oge-ụdị hypersensitivity.

Ọgwụ ozugbo ụdị nfụkasị Jeremaya

1. Agents na inhibit ntọhapụ nke anabata ndị ogbugbo si ezigbo muscle sel basophilic, ndị hụrụ mgbochi nke cytotoxic cascade nke anabata :

• β1-Adrenomimeticalkie ego;

• glucocorticoid;

• myotropic antispasmodic mmetụta.

2. stabilizers cell membranes.

3. blockers H1-histamine ihe nnabata mkpụrụ ndụ.

4. Desensitizing.

5. The inhibitors nke zuo ezu usoro.

Agents eme na-egbu oge-ụdị hypersensitivity

1. NSAIDs.

2. Glucocorticoid.

3. Cytotoxic.

pathogenesis nke ahu anataghi

The pathogenetic mmepe nke ahu anataghi arụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke histamine na-synthesized si histidine na na-edebe basophils (poolu mkpụrụ ndụ), na connective anụ ahụ (gụnyere ọbara) platelet, eosinophils, lymphocytes, na ndu oke mmiri. Histamine na mkpụrụ ndụ na-anọchite anya deaktivnoy adọ jikọtara na-edozi na polysaccharides. Ọ a tọhapụrụ n'ihi na a n'ibu nkwarụ cell, dịghịzi Jeremaya mere, n'okpuru nduzi nke chemical ngwaahịa na pharmaceuticals. Inactivation emee via ya histaminase nke mucosal anụ ahụ. Rụọ ọrụ H1 anabata ya excites akpụkpọ ahụ phospholipids. N'ihi na chemical Jeremaya mere, ọnọdụ ndị na-eme ka penetration n'ime cell ca, na nke ikpeazụ omume na-eji ire ụtọ muscle mkpi.

Ime gistaminoretseptory H2 histamine eduga ifịk adenylate cyclase na-abawanye na cellular Camp mmepụta, ọ na-akpata na-abawanye na ndị secretion nke gastric mucosa. N'ihi ya, ụfọdụ desensitizing mmadụ na-eji belata secretion nke HCl.

Histamine arụpụta capillary ndọtị na-enye amplification permeability nke vaskụla mgbidi, edematous nzaghachi, mbenata plasma olu, nke na-eduga ndim nke ọbara mgbali Mbelata na akwara, bronchial ezigbo muscle mkpi oyi akwa ruru iyatesịt H1 gistaminoretseptorov; ike nke adrenaline ntọhapụ, ngwa ngwa obi otiti.

Ime na H1 anabata nke endothelial capillary mgbidi, histamine tọhapụrụ prostacyclin, ọ enhances nwechapụ nke obere arịa (karịsịa venules) escrow ọbara nime ya, idebe na-ekesa ọbara olu, a ana achi achi na ntọhapụ nke plasma, ndi na-edozi na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara site na ogologo mgbidi mezhendotelialnogo ohere.

Ebe ọ bụ na fifties nke narị afọ nke 20. na siburu desensitizing preparations amịghịkwa ugboro mgbanwe. Ọkà mmụta sayensị jisiri ike ọgwụ ọhụrụ ole na ole mmetụta na a ndepụta nke ihe arụmọrụ. N'oge ugbu ogbo, e nwere atọ isi dị iche iche nke antiallergic ọgwụ ọjọọ: nke mbụ, nke abụọ na nke atọ na ọgbọ.

Desensitizing mmadụ nke mbụ ọgbọ

Desensitizing mmadụ 1st ọgbọ mfe gabiga ọbara-ụbụrụ mgbochi (BBB) na jikọọ na gistaminoretseptorami cortex. Nke a desensitizing eme ka ogwuura mmetụta, dị ka n'ụdị a obere iro ụra, na-na ụdị nke a ụda ụra. Medsredstva 1st ọgbọ ọzọ na-emetụta psychomotor ụbụrụ mmeghachi omume. N'ihi nke a, ha were na-ejedebeghị na iche iche iche iche nke ndị ọrịa.

Ihe ọzọ na-adịghị mma na-ekwu bụ na-asọmpi edinam na acetylcholine, n'ihi na ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ike si na muscarinic akwara endings ka acetylcholine. Ya mere, ma e wezụga n'ihi na obi omume nke ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ka akọrọ ọnụ, afọ ntachi, na tachycardia.

Desensitizing 1st ọgbọ anya akpachapuru anya nke kenyere glaucoma, onya, ọrịa obi, na na Nchikota na antidiabetic na psychotropic ọgwụ ọjọọ. Ha ekwesịghị-ewe ihe karịrị iri ụbọchị n'ihi ikike ịkpata riri ahụ.

Desensitizing mmadụ 2nd ọgbọ

Ọgwụ ndị a nwere nnukwu mmekọrita ya na ndị histamine anabata, na a nhọrọ onwunwe, otú bụghị eme na muscarinic anabata. Ọzọkwa, ha na-ji ala penetration gafee BBB na-adịghị na-eri ahụ, adịghị emepụta ogwuura (mgbe ụfọdụ na ụfọdụ ọrịa ike mfe iro ụra).

Ná ngwụsị nke n'ikuku nke ọgwụgwọ mmetụta nke ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ike ịnọ maka 7 ụbọchị.

Ụfọdụ nwere mgbochi mkpali mmetụta, cardiotonic mmetụta. Nke ikpeazụ mwepu na-achọ akara nke obi usoro na oge nke ha mbanye.

Desensitizing mmadụ atọ (ọhụrụ) ọgbọ

a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke antisense ọgwụ ọjọọ na-ji a elu selectivity ka gistaminoretseptoram. Ha anaghị eme ka ogwuura na emeghị emetụta obi na ọbara arịa.

Iji ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe gosiri na ya onwe ya n'oge ruo ogologo oge antiallergic ọgwụ - omume nke imi nsụchi, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis.

Desensitizing ọgwụ maka ụmụaka

Allergy ọgwụ maka ụmụaka bụ ndị nke otu H1-blockers, ma ọ bụ antisense ọgwụ - a ọgwụ zubere maka ọgwụgwọ nke dị iche iche nfụkasị Jeremaya mere na ahụ nwatakịrị ahụ. Na otu a nke na-akwanyere ùgwù ọgwụ:

• m emana.

• II emana.

• III emana.

Preparations maka ụmụaka - m ọgbọ

Gịnị e desensitizing ọgwụ ọjọọ? Depụta ha na-ọkọnọ n'okpuru:

• "Fenistil" - rekomenovan maka ụmụaka okenye karịa otu ọnwa n'ụdị tụlee.

• "Diphenhydramine" - n'elu ọnwa asaa.

• "Suprastin" - ihe karịrị otu afọ. Tupu a họpụtara naanị na injectable ụdị na naanị n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị ọrụ nke a dọkịta.

• "Fenkarol" - karịrị afọ atọ.

• "Diazolin" - afọ abụọ.

• "Clemastine" - n'elu afọ isii, mgbe 12 ọnwa. n'ụdị sirop na ogwu ogbugba.

• "Tavegil" - n'elu afọ isii, mgbe 12 ọnwa. n'ụdị sirop na ogwu ogbugba.

Preparations maka ụmụaka - II Ọgbọ

The kasị desensitizing ọgwụ ọjọọ nke a ụdị:

• "Zyrtec" - ihe karịrị ọnwa isii n'ụdị a dobe na afọ isii na mbadamba ụdị.

• "Claritin" - ihe karịrị afọ abụọ.

• "Aerius" - ihe karịrị otu afọ na ụdị sirop, na n'elu afọ iri na abụọ na mbadamba ụdị.

Preparations maka ụmụaka - III ọgbọ

Desensitizing mmadụ nke ụdị na-agụnye:

• "Astemizole" - ihe karịrị afọ abụọ.

• "Terfenadine" - karịrị afọ atọ na kwụsịtụrụ ụdị na ihe karịa afọ isii na mbadamba ụdị.

Anyị nwere olileanya na isiokwu a bụ na nhọrọ nke mgbochi-anabata ọgwụ ọjọọ n'ihi na nwa ahu (na ọ bụghị naanị na) na-enyere ịnyagharịa na-eme ka nhọrọ ziri ezi. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-kwuru na tupu ojiji nke ndị dị otú ahụ ọgwụ ga-ijide n'aka na-agụ ntụziaka, nke ị nwere ike obibi ajụjụ a: "desensitization ọgwụ - ihe ọ bụ?". Ị ga-achọ ọgwụ na ndụmọdụ.