Doputa carbohydrate ụmụ anụmanụ. Reserve carbohydrates na anụmanụ cell bụ glycogen ma ọ bụ starch? Ka idobere carbohydrate akpọ anụmanụ mkpụrụ ndụ?

All Biochemical ọrụ nke anụ mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike chịkọtara abụọ ngwaa: "ụlọ ahịa" na "emefu". The tọrọ ahụ, ndị ọzọ na usoro nke njikọ na ìgwè organic bekee ga ebukarịghị ha cleavage na mmefu. Ihe kpatara ya dị mfe: na-eto eto na "ewu" gị ahu, i kwesịrị a otutu plastic ihe onwunwe na, n'ezie, ike. The isi ewu ihe mkpụrụ ndụ bụ a protein, isi na a compound enye ume - glycogen.

Ọ na-atụle a idobere carbohydrate mee na imeju na-na skeletal muscle nke mammals: ma anụmanụ ma mmadụ. The ọmụmụ nke ya Njirimara na a ga-ewepụtara na ọrụ a.

Gịnị na ebe anyị na-stocking

N'ogo nke anụmanụ mkpụrụ ndụ organic ogige na-synthesized na-akwakọba ya bughi nkeji - organelles. Ndi na-edozi na-synthesized na ribosomes, lipids, na carbohydrates - na ọwa nke ezigbo endoplasmic reticulum. Na mammals ebuka nke organic bekee na-akwakọba na skeletal muscle, imeju, subcutaneous abụba na gland. Carbohydrate mapụtara anụmanụ bụ glycogen, nke na-synthesized si glucose dị na ọbara.

Ọ na-kpụrụ dị ka a ngwaahịa nke dissimilation oriri, nke na-agụnye, akpan akpan, akwukwo nri starch: achịcha, poteto, osikapa. Ndị bekee na-agbajikwa ala ke inua, afo, na duodenum. Na ọ bụ ha isi ísì. Ihe glucose na-etinye obi gị dum n'ime ọbara capillaries nke villi nke obere eriri afọ na mgbe ebu site na ọbara ka uru ahụ na imeju, ebe ọ na-synthesized carbohydrate idobere nke ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ.

Gịnị bụ glycogen

Ọ bụ ezie na aha nke umi bụ ugbu a, okwu "glycosylation", nke si n'asụsụ Grik sụgharịa pụtara "atọ ụtọ", o nwere fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị uto. Yikarịrị, aha na-egosi na ọ bụ nke a na klas nke mgbagwoju carbohydrates, nke nwere ndi fọduru nke glucose, n'ezie ụtọ uto. Glycogen nwere n'ụdị a na-acha ọcha ntụ ntụ structureless. Ọ bụ hydrophilic na Nleta a colloidal ngwọta yiri mmiri ara ehi. Ka idobere carbohydrate na anụmanụ cell, a polysaccharide na-hydrolyzed na acidic na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọtụtụ nkebi. The ngwaahịa nke ya mmekọrịta mmiri na-dextrins, ozokwa - maltose, na n'ikpeazụ, glucose. Dị ka polima ngwakọta nwere n'ụdị glycogen branched yinye ụmụ irighiri ná mgbanwe nke ọha mmadụ.

Biochemical Njirimara

Anyị ike eziokwu ahụ bụ na glycogen bụ idobere carbohydrate nke anụmanụ mkpụrụ ndụ. Reserve mmadụ nke ụdị ata na cytoplasm nke hepatocytes, leukocytes na myocyte abụọ ibe abụghị usoro. Mmalite: dissimilation, na-eduga hapụ nke glucose ụmụ irighiri na a abụọ - assimilation, nke sụgharịta n'ime a mapụtara ngafe glucose polima - glycogen. Ọ accumulates na ahu na bụ a ahịa nke ike-eji usoro nke anụmanụ ndụ na ụmụ mmadụ.

Ka synthesized anụmanụ starch

Cheta na, site na a chemical ele ihe anya, ọ bụ a macromolecular compound - polima na a monomer residues bụ α-d glucose. Na ha na-jikọrọ site glycosidic agbụ, ebighị a chọrọ, ya bu "swaying" sigma-nkekọ carbon ọkpụkpụ hexose. Nke a na-enweta na a na-akpọ hexokinase mmeghachi omume. Animal idobere carbohydrate synthesized si glucose-6-phosphate. Nke a na umi - a ngwaahịa nke hexokinase mmeghachi omume. The enzyme catalyzes n'elu-e kwuru usoro a na ẹdude ke cytoplasm akụrụ sel, mucosal oyi akwa nke obere eriri afọ na imeju nke ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ.

mmebi nke glycogen

Dị ka anyị hụrụ na mbụ, idobere carbohydrates na anụmanụ mkpụrụ ndụ bụ starch - glycogen. Biochemical ọmụmụ gosiri na ya cleavage ike-ebe na-enweghị òkè nke a kpọmkwem enzyme - phosphorylase. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe acidic ajụ n'iru inorganic phosphate ụmụ irighiri. Sam enzyme na-arụsi ọrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke pancreatic hormone - glucagon. Ya edidu ke ọbara na-egosi na larịị nke glucose na ya ala. Ya mere, na anụmanụ organism mobilizes idobere carbohydrates - glycogen na-amalite imebi ala, iji nweta ọzọ glucose òkè.

Nke a usoro a na-akpọ glycogenolysis. Neurophysiologists hụrụ na nchegbu homonụ - adrenaline na noradrenaline emepụta site na adrenal glands, na-akpali iche glycogenolysis.

Umeji ya ọrụ na metabolism nke carbohydrates

Na bayoloji, ndị kasị ibu digestive gland nke mammals akpọ Biochemical factory. N'ezie, ọ dị nnọọ ndị enzymatic Jeremaya mere na hụ mgbanwe nke okwu na ume, ie metabolism. Ka ugbua mara, idobere carbohydrates na anụmanụ cell bụ glycogen. Ya-emebi ngwa ngwa iduga saturation ọbara glucose - isi iyi nke ike maka niile mammals na ụmụ mmadụ.

Echefuola na anụmanụ starch ụgwọ atụrụ na ha site na ịnweta starchy oriri: nduku, ọka na osikapa. All ndị a na ngwaahịa bụ isiokwu umuihe na digestive tract, na n'ihi glucose abatakwa n'ọbara, na si n'ebe - na mkpụrụ ndụ, karịsịa skeletal muscle na imeju na. Ha na-synthesized anụmanụ starch site enzyme - glyukopirofosforilazy.

Gịnị Filiks ekem ke skeletal muscle

Dị ka imeju, na myocyte - muscle sel, akpọkọtara anụmanụ starch. Ebe ọ bụ na muscle uka karịrị nnọọ arọ nke imeju, na glycogen ọdịnaya ha nnọọ elu. N'oge mmega anụmanụ starch amalite kewaa. Lactic acid a kpụrụ n'ihi glycolysis, ọ abatakwa n'ọbara na-ebu na imeju na-na akụrụ na mkpụrụ ndụ. Na ha abụọ lactic acid ụmụ irighiri synthesized kwa ahumachi nke glucose, nke na-ahụ sụgharịa ya idobere polysaccharide. The mmeghachi omume na-ewe ebe na-eji ike nke ATP. N'ihi ya, nnọchi carbohydrate anụmanụ cell bụ glycogen akwakọba site myocytes, hepatocytes, gbasara akụrụ cortical sel, myocardial sel akpa ume.

The ọrụ nke enzyme na metabolism nke anụmanụ starch

Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, nnọchi nke anụmanụ mkpụrụ ndụ carbohydrate akpọ glycogen. Dị ka a n'ihi nke abụọ ibe abụghị ntụziaka na metabolism: fission na anọ na, ọ bụ na-etinye aka na ndị a Jeremaya mere. Mutual akakabarede nke glucose n'ime glycogen na azụ-ekwe omume nanị mgbe na-ekere òkè ndị a Jeremaya mere bụ a mgbagwoju enzyme usoro. Ọ na-agụnye glikogenogeneza akpali dị ka phosphoglucomutase (atọghata glucose 6-phosphate na glucose-1-phosphate) na UDF- glyukopirofosforilaza (irreversibility enye glycogen njikọ). cleavage Jeremaya mere eme na ọnụnọ nke glycogen na abụọ enzymes sequentially rapara na glycogen branching n'akụkụ ígwè. The usoro nke n'elu-e kwuru enzyme eme naanị na mgbanwe nke glycogen na heterotrophic anụmanụ cell, otú azịza ziri ezi na a ule ajụjụ: idobere carbohydrates na anụmanụ mkpụrụ ndụ bụ: 1.Krahmal 2 Glycogen? - bụ kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ 2.

Carbohydrate metabolism na ya pụta

Dabere na n'elu nyere eziokwu na anyị hụrụ na a idobere carbohydrate na anụmanụ cell bụ glycogen. Imebi ya metabolism nwere ike mere site na abụọ na ụdị ihe. The mbụ - njehie na nri na ndụ, nke abụọ - nwa ntụpọ na enzyme usoro nke ahu. Nịm nke enzymes metụtara ya, bụ maka ma gbawara nke anụmanụ starch, na ya ruo n'ókè nke glucose dị na ọbara. Ya mere pathologies apụta dị ka Jeremaya mere, nke plastic metabolism, na ume. Ha na-akpọ glycogen. Dị ka a kọwara n'elu, nnọchi carbohydrate na anụmanụ cell bụ glycogen accumulates isi na imeju na-na skeletal muscle. N'ihi ya, abụọ na ụdị ọrịamkpokọta: muscle na imeju na etiology. The mbụ gụnyere Glycogen nchekwa ọrịa ụdị V. Onye ọrịa anaghị arụpụta enzyme phosphorylase. Nke a na-eduga ná dị na mmamịrị hromoproteidov - myoglobin wepụtara n'oge arọ anụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ. A na-apụta mmebi nke muscle anụ ahụ na ọdịdị convulsive ekwu.

Iji imeju syndrome gụnyere Gierke oria. Ọ na-adị ọtụtụ mgbe mgbe malite mgbe nwa ọhụrụ. Ọrịa na imeju mkpụrụ ndụ enweghị enzyme na-agbanwe na mbụ ngwaahịa nke cleavage nke glycogen ka glucose na ọrịa ọbara ka e nwere nnọọ ala ozo nke sugar (gipoglikimiya) na acetone na mmamịrị ogosiri, na-eme igbu egbu nke organism.

N'isiokwu a anyị na-enyocha usoro nke anụmanụ starch metabolism - Glycogen asọ mammalian na mmadụ niime ụlọnga.