Ebe bụ Black Biosphere idobere ala? Black ụwa - Reserve Kalmykia

A pụrụ iche Biosphere Reserve "Black Earth" - naanị Russian idobere, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ eke Okirikiri e ji mara nke desert mpaghara, ọkara n'ọzara, na steppes. Ke adianade do, ọ na-agbalị iji zọpụta Kalmyk saiga, ịba ụba ha nọmba. Mee, kere na 1990, e ọdịda nke UNESCO 12.03.93 Biosphere Reserve.

Location idobere

Reserve isiala, site n'ebe ndịda Europe ala nke Russia. Ma ebe a na-Reserve "Black Earth", bụ Republic of Kalmykia. The National Park mejupụtara abụọ ngalaba, ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị iche sharply.

Steppe ebe ekpuchi n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Caspian ịda mbà n'obi. Ọ na-esetị tinyere ala esịmde nke osimiri Volga na Kuma, ala nwere Yashkulsky na Chernozemelsky District. Bird Area gbatịrị gburugburu ọdọ Manych-Gudilo. Ọ na-emi odude ke Kuma-Manych Iduọ Ndutịm Uforo, ma ọ bụ kama, na ya center. Ya onwunwe ndị agbatị na Yashaltinskomu na Priyutnensky District.

Nature park bụ n'akụkụ aka obodo Komsomolskoe Hultuha, obodo Priyutnoe. Biosphere Reserve "Black Earth" - a ebe kwụsịrị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ bụ isi n'ụwa ilekota. Ọ na-akọrọ ọbụbụeze agafeghị oke na mpaghara na-ahịhịa ndụ jupụtara na continental belt nke ọzara na ọkara desat adịkwaghị oké oyi.

obodo atụmatụ

Erukwa nke undulating ala-na-na-agha ụgha Araba, kpụrụ nke ukwu arrays nke riiji-ugwu ugwu ájá mba park "Black Earth". The idobere na-emi odude na ala kpuchie ego a kpụrụ n'oge mmalite nke Caspian Sea n'ala akọrọ. Ya mere, ya aja ala ike saline.

Njikọ dị n'etiti Azov na Caspian larịị - oge ochie mkpagide ndinyanade mbịne maka 500 kilomita - ghọọ ndị Manych ịda mbà n'obi. About dịbu Strait ugbu a yiri a ọdọ Manych-Gudilo, emi odude ke oghere.

Ná mmalite, na ọdọ mmiri bụ kwa saline. The oké ọkọchị ọdọ mmiri fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam akpọnwụwo. Site ọ nọgidere na a yinye obere Ozerets saltwater metụtara pere mpe ducts ma ọ bụ kpam kpam ná mgbagwoju. Ru idei mmiri belatara salinity nke ọdọ, kama ọ na-enyere na-obosara ke nso site na 1.5 na 10 kilomita, na a omimi na ọrụ enyemaka ahụ Ikuku ịgba - ruo 5-8 mita.

Sharply continental idụhe nkwenkwe na idobere "Black Earth". The idobere na-adịkwaghị akọrọ na-ekpo ọkụ summers na aka ike winters snowless. N'ihi ya aha nke ogige: ala bụ kpuchie na snow - nwa. Na-agba ọsọ okpomọkụ nso si +24 ka +42 ⁰ C, oyi na-nọ na site -6 ka -35 ⁰ C.

anụmanụ chebe

Ahụkarị steppe na ọkara desert anụmanụ biri Biosphere park "Black Earth". Reserve ya ndò ọtụtụ akpụ akpụ. N'ihi ndabere reptaili rụrụ ngwa ngwa na yi barbs, awo eared na vertihvostok. Ọ bụghị nnọọ n'azụ ha na ájá Boa iko-ngwere. Iri ari si bask na anyanwụ malpolon na steppe ajụala.

Ezigbo maka aja aja ùrúrù na ogologo-eared hedgehogs, gerbils, na gophers Reserve "Black Earth". Animals esịnede anụ, kọwaa ókèala ndị ịchụ nta. Na ịdị obosara nke ogige ply nkịta ọhịa na anụ ọhịa wolf, ferrets na ìhè mgbakwasa. Mgbe ụfọdụ na-abịa gafee n'ebe ndịda birch òké, stylodipus na n'ebe ugwu atọ toed jerboa. Wara njakpa-hoofed ụmụ anụmanụ si nkịtị ele. Eche nche saiga bi, fọrọ nke nta okụrede n'afo 1980, ma ugbu a, ka toro ka 150 puku.

Iri na abụọ n'àgwàetiti ndị dị n'Ọdọ Manych-Gudilo iche Community waterbirds. Against ndabere nke mbụ ụdị nnụnụ kwụpụta chịrị nke obere nnụnụ ọdọ. Ot gulls, cormorants na spoonbills dị ole na ole ndị agbata obi, pink na mgbakọ pelicans. Ìgwè ewu na aturu nke Waterfowl na-akwaga n'ebe oyi protracted, ndokwa na Lake ezumike. N'oge migrations izute red-breasted ọgazị, na-acha ọcha-fronted ma chaa isi awọ geese.

ahịhịa idobere

N'ime ogige bịara ọnụ abụọ zones - desert na akọrọ steppe. The agba palette nke desert na steppe dịgasị dabere na oge. A ntịme nke na agba na mmiri ephemeral na National Park "Black Earth". Reserve zapolonyayut yi inflorescence irises na tulips, carnations interspersed mkpụrụ na-eto eto na epupụta nke Artemisia awọ green-aj u.

Na mbata nke n'oge okpomọkụ ụbọchị iji nweta traction n'etiti odo odo-agba aja aja ohia ọkụ na bulbous bluegrass enwu ọlaọcha whitish agwaetiti feathery nku. Ná ngwụsị nke oge okpomọkụ a na-adịkwaghị aja aja na-acha odo odo hues na ọkụ alfalfa, na mkpa-legged, wheatgrasses na wormwood. Mgbụsị akwụkwọ grayish-agba aja aja ndabere kpụrụ nwa wormwood na akpọnwụ grasses, anya ntụpọ nke ọchịchịrị green halophytic obodo, nke nta nke nta na-agafe n'ime ọbara-acha ọbara ọbara tụrụ.