Gịnị bụ CIS? CIS mba - ndepụta. map CIS

CIS - na Union of Soviet Socialist Republic bụbu mba ofesi na-akpakọrịta, onye ọrụ na-azọrọ na iwu nke imekọ ihe ọnụ dị n'etiti mba ndị mejupụtara Soviet Union. Nke a abụghị a zuru ụwa ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ. N'agbata-achị na ịrụ ọrụ nke mkpakọrịta nyere maka a azụ. Gịnị bụ CIS na ihe bụ ya ọrụ mba na mba mmekọahụ? Olee otú guzobe nke Commonwealth? Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke dị iche iche na ndị nketa oke na ya mmepe? Banyere nke a mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu. Ndị na-esonụ ga-nyere a map nke CIS.

Education òtù

Ihe e kere eke nke nzukọ wee akụkụ ke Ukrainian SSR, na RSFSR na Byelorussian SSR. Na 1991, 8 December, na Bialowieza kwekọrọ ekwekọ nkwekọrịta e aka site n'oké ọhịa. The akwụkwọ, bụ nke gụnyere 14 isiokwu na okwu mmalite kwuru na Soviet Union kwụsịrị ịdị adị dị ka a isiokwu nke geopolitical eziokwu na mba na iwu. Ma na-adabere na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo na mmekọahụ n'etiti iche iche, dabere na bilateral nkwekọrịta, ọchịchọ ike a kwuo uche steeti iwu, nakwa dị ka nzube ịzụlite ha mmekọahụ ọ bụla ọzọ na-adabere na nkwanyerịta ùgwù ma kwere nke ọbụbụeze, ịga ọzọ kwetara na-etolite mba ofesi na-akpakọrịta.

ratification nke nkwekọrịta

Ugbua iri ụbọchị nke December Verkhovna Rada nke Ukraine na Belarus nyere iwu ike ka akwụkwọ. December 12 nkwekọrịta e ratified site Russian nzuko omeiwu. Ihe ka nnọọ ọtụtụ (188) votes "n'ihi na", "zeere" - 7 "megide" - 6. N'echi ya, nke 13, zutere isi nke Central Asia mba ndị nọ nke USSR. Ha bụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan na Kazakhstan. The okwu e debara aha na n'ihi nke a nzute. Ọ isi gosipụta nkwenye ha na-esonyere ndị CIS (chọpụtachaa ihe e deburu edebiri - Commonwealth of Independent States).

Ihe dị oké mkpa ọnọdụ nke e guzobere mkpakọrịta bụ iji hụ na ịha nhata nke na-achị, nke bụbu Soviet Union, na ude nke ha nile dị ka founders. Mgbe e mesịrị Nazarbayev (President of Kazakhstan) mere a amaghị na-ahazi a nzukọ Alma-Ata, ebe mba nke CIS , nke ga-e depụtara n'okpuru ebe, ga-anọgide na nwekwuo nkwurịta okwu na doo nke nkwonkwo ngwọta.

Ịnagide na Alma-Ata

Na isi obodo nke Kazakhstan rutere 11 nnọchiteanya nke mbụ mba nke USSR n'ihu. Ha bụ ndị isi nke Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan na Belarus. E nweghị ndị nnọchianya si Georgia, Estonia, Lithuania na Latvia. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị nkwusa na-aka site na nzukọ. Na ya na ụkpụrụ na ebumnobi nke ọhụrụ Commonwealth adade.

Ke adianade do, akwụkwọ nwere a ndokwa na niile CIS-ekwu ga-egosipụta ha na mmekọrịta ke hà ọnọdụ site na ịhazi oru. Nke ikpeazụ, n'aka nke ya, kpụrụ a parity ndabere. Rụọ ọrụ ndị a ịhazi oru ga-dị na nkwekọrịta n'etiti CIS entities (transcript n'elu). N'otu oge ahụ nọgidere na-enwe a na nkwonkwo-achịkwa ahụ na agha na-emeri na zaa, ngwá agha nuklia.

Ekwu banyere ihe ndị CIS, ọ ga-kwuru na nke a mkpakọrịta adịghị egosi a nkịtị ókè - ọ bụla Republic, na n'oge gara aga nke Soviet Union-ejigide ọchịchị ha, ọchịchị, iwu Ọdịdị. N'otu oge ahụ e kere eke nke Commonwealth bụ nnọọ ezigbo onye nkwa na guzobere na mmepe nke a nkịtị aku mpaghara.

map CIS

Territoriralno Commonwealth bụ ihe na-erughị USSR. Ụfọdụ ndị na mba na-adịghị kwuru na ya chọrọ isonyere CIS. O sina dị, n'otu dị ka a dum were nnọọ a geopolitical ohere. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-achị gbalịrị ibe bara uru imekọ ihe ọnụ na ihe hà footing, mgbe nọgide na-enwe ya ike n'ezi ihe.

Ọ ga-kwuru na nzukọ December 21 mba nke USSR mee ka ẹkụre akakabarede CIS mba. Ndepụta kwukwara Moldova na Azerbaijan, nke ghọrọ onye ikpeazụ ga-tinyeaka akwụkwọ na oruru nke Commonwealth. Ka a ghọta na ha nwere naanị-akpakọrịta òtù nke na-akpakọrịta. Nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa ịrịba ama na mba-ụlọ nke niile post-Soviet ohere. Na 1993, Georgia e esịne ke ndepụta nke CIS. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ibu obodo na Commonwealth ga-akpọ Minsk, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, Moscow.

nzukọ mbipụta

Na Minsk ná nzukọ nke December 30 nke CIS mba bịanyere aka obere nkwekọrịta. The elu ahụ nke Commonwealth e guzobere nsonye thereto. The Council mejupụtara ndị isi nke na-achị nke nzukọ.

Ekwu banyere ihe ndị CIS, ọ ga-kwuru banyere otú ndị usoro mkpebi. Onye ọ bụla Commonwealth kwadoro nwere otu votu. Mkpokọta mkpebi e mere na ndabere nke otutu mmadu kwenyere.

Na a nzukọ Minsk nwekwara aka nkwekọrịta inye iwu na-achịkwa ndị agha na ókè agha. Dị ka ya, onye ọ bụla isiokwu nwere ikike na ike nke aka ya agha. Na 1993, o dechara nhazi na-adọ.

January 22 nke afọ a na Minsk, na Charter e kuchiri. Nke a akwụkwọ na-isi na nzukọ. Na 1996, March 15, na a nzukọ nke State Duma nke Russian Federation nakweere mkpebi 157-II HD. Ọ kpebisiri ndaba nke pụta nke referendum ẹkenịmde ke 1991, na March 17, maka ichebe nke USSR. Na-atọ paragraf na-ezo aka na-egosi na onye ahụ kwekọrịtara na guzobe nke Commonwealth, na-adịghị mma site Congress nke Ndị mmadụ Deputies - kasị elu ngwa nke steeti ike na USSR - enweghị na ọ dịghị iwu na ike na-akwanyere ndị cessation nke aka iso ịdị adị nke Soviet Union.

Russia na ọrụ Commonwealth

On nke Russian Security Council nzukọ President Putin kwuru okwu. Vladimir Vladimirovich kwuru na Russia na CIS ruru a bụrụkwa oge na ya mmepe. Na nke a, dị ka e kwuru site na President, ọ dị mkpa, ma ọ bụ iji nweta ihe a qualitative ike nke Commonwealth na guzobere na ya ndabere na-n'ezie na-arụ ọrụ, nke nwere a ụfọdụ mmetụta nke mpaghara Ọdịdị na ụwa, ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ geopolitical ohere na-echere "blur", adịru mmasị nke Commonwealth n'etiti ndị ya na-achị ọ ga-irrevocably efu.

Ozugbo ahụhụ ọtụtụ ịrịba ọdịda na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmekọahụ n'etiti mba, na n'oge gara aga mere ihe Soviet Union (Moldova, Georgia na Ukraine) na March 2005, Russia ọchịchị, n'etiti nsogbu, na Kyrgyz ọchịchị Putin kwuru nnọọ hoo haa. O kwuru na ndị niile na-adịghị mma bụ n'ihi nke ngafe nke na-atụ anya. Na nkenke, president nke Russian Federation ghọtara na kenyere otu ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ma n'ezie dum usoro bụ kpamkpam dị iche iche.

Ajụjụ Commonwealth kwụsie ike

N'ihi na nke na-eto eto centrifugal Filiks na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ime CIS, ugboro ugboro welitere ihe iseokwu nke mkpa idozigharị na-akpakọrịta. Otú ọ dị, otutu mmadu kwenyere na o yikarịrị ntụziaka nke a ije bụghị. Mgbe July n'ịgba elu ugwu na 2006, afọ, ebe kpọkọtara ndị isi nke Commonwealth na-achị, Nazarbayev chọrọ ọtụtụ akara na-eche na-arụ ọrụ.

First President of Kazakhstan, na-ewere ya na ọ dị mkpa ka kwekọrọ Mbugharị atumatu. Mkpa, n'echiche nke ya, bụ mmepe nke ndị nkịtị iga nkwukọrịta na imekọ ihe ọnụ na-alụso cross-ókè-ala mpụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka imekọ ihe ọnụ na omenala, na nkà mmụta sayensị na izi ngalaba.

Dị ka e kwuru media, skepticism banyere irè na viability nke Commonwealth metụtara na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ahia agha. Na ndị a ọdụdọ, na Russian Federation megide Moldova, Georgia na Ukraine. CIS, dị ka ụfọdụ ndị kiriri, nọ n'ọnụ ọnụ nke lanarị. Nke a na-facilitated site-adịbeghị anya ihe - ahia esemokwu n'etiti Georgia na Russia. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nnyocha, ndị Russian n'obodo megide ndị Commonwealth isiokwu bụ na-enwetụbeghị ụdị. Ọzọkwa, dị ka e kwuru site na ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ihe, iwu nke Russian Federation na-akwanyere na post-Soviet na-ekwu, dị ka a dum ọgwụgwụ nke 2005 na nke CIS akpan akpan kpụrụ "Gazprom" (Russian gas nanị). The na-eri nke manu ọnọ, dị ka ụfọdụ authors, a bụ ụdị ntaramahụhụ na a n'aka akwalite Commonwealth nke na-achị, dabere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha imekọ ihe ọnụ na Russia.

"Mmanụ na gas mmekọahụ"

Ekwu banyere ihe ndị CIS, ọ gaghị ekwe omume bụghị banyere n'otu ihe na-akpata nke niile na-achị. Ha na-ala na-eri nke manu napụtara ókèala ndị Russian Federation. Otú ọ dị, na 2005, afọ na July, a mara ọkwa na a nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye na gas ahịa maka na Baltic mba. Ndị na-eri a na ụba na European larịị nke $ 120-125 / puku ^m3. Na September nke otu afọ a mara ọkwa na-abawanye nke ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ụgbọala maka Georgia si 2006, na $ 110, na na 2007 - ruo $ 235.

Na November 2005, e ụba gas price maka Armenia. Eri nke deliveries ịbụ $ 110. Otú ọ dị, Armenian ọchịchị ekwupụtawo nchegbu na Republic ga-enwe ike ịzụta mmanụ ụgbọala na na price. Russia enyewo mmasị-free ego, nke nwere ike dechapụ na-akwụ ụgwọ toro. Otú ọ dị, Armenia nke chọrọ ọzọ version nke Russian Federation - dị ka onye ọzọ agafeta nwe nke onye nke nkanka nke ya nke Hrazdan Kwes Ike Osisi, nakwa dị ka dum gas njem netwọk na mba. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ịdọ aka ná ntị si Armenian n'akụkụ banyere omume mmetụta ọjọọ nke n'ihu price na-abawanye, na mba na jisiri ka oge na-abawanye na uru.

N'ihi na Moldova, na price abawanye a mara ọkwa na 2005, afọ. Site 2007, price e kwetara ọhụrụ ọkọnọ. Mmanụ ụgbọala price bụ $ 170. Site December, e kwetara na-enye ya nkụ ka Azerbaijan na ahịa uru. Na 2006, price bụ $ 110, na site 2007 e zubere nnyefe nke $ 235.

Site December 2005, esemokwu daa n'etiti Russia na Ukraine. Ebe ọ bụ na January 2006, a mara ọkwa a price-abawanye na $ 160. Dị ka n'ihu okwu agaghị nke ọma, Russia kpọlite ndị price ka $ 230. N'ụzọ ụfọdụ, a ùgwù nke ịbụ ndị gas nke bụ na Belarus. Site March nke 2005, Russian Federation mara ọkwa na-abawanye na ego nke nnyefe. Otú ọ dị, site na April 4, Putin kwere nkwa na-price na otu larịị. Ma mgbe president ntuli aka maka Belarus ya ọzọ mara ọkwa price na-abawanye. Mgbe ogologo mkparita uka na 2007-2011 na-eri e setịpụrụ na $ 100.

The ọrụ nke Commonwealth entities na mmanụ na gas mmekọahụ

Ọ ga-kwuru na ihe ndị ọzọ, n'oge 2006, Russian ọchịchị nwara agụmakwụkwọ na ndabere nke a n'otu nke CIS. Ọ na-e chere na nọ na ya na-achị nke Commonwealth, otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ yiri ka gas na mmanụ pipelines, na-aghọta, Ọzọkwa, ihe na-eduga ọrụ nke Russia ka a nanị soplaya nke ike fuels na Europe si bụbu Soviet Union. Na nke a, ndị agbata obi na mba ndị ma-eme ọrụ nke suppliers nke ya gas na Russian pipelines, ma ọ bụ na-a n'ụzọ ókèala. Dị ka ihe ibé nke a ike n'otu na-agụnye mgbanwe ọ bụ ọrịre nke ike iga na ume akụ.

N'ihi ya, ihe atụ, na Turkmenistan ruru nkwekọrịta na-ebupụ ya gas site na pipeline "Gazprom". Na Uzbekistan e mmepe nke Russian ego nke obodo na ụlọ ọrụ. Na Armenia na nwe nke "Gazprom" bụ a gas pipeline si Iran. Ọzọkwa, onye na nkwekọrịta e ruru na Moldova na obodo gas ụlọ ọrụ "Moldovgaz", ọkara nke nke nke "Gazprom", inye ọzọ mbak, na-eme a na ugwo dị ka a gas nkesa na netwọk.

oké egwu echiche

Gịnị bụ CIS taa? Ịtụle ihe ndị na-adịbeghị anya akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Commonwealth nke na-achị, ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-na-achọpụta ụba nke esemokwu na dị iche iche na-etoju. Mara ọbụna agha clashes - ma inter- na intra-ala. Ruo taa, ọ na-anọgide bụrụ na e wepụghị nsogbu nke ngosipụta nke agbụrụ ekweghị ibe nọrọ, iwu na-akwadoghị mbata na ọpụpụ. Ke adianade do, ka nwere a ebe na ụba na esemokwu n'etiti Russia na otu aka na Ukraine na Belarus na ndị ọzọ.

Isi nsogbu na-edozi bụ nke nke nnweta tariffs. Ugboro ugboro Russia ka a isiokwu nke kasị Commonwealth (map nke Russia na CIS, na-egosi nke a na-dị n'okpuru) na-enwe ndị kasị elu akụ na ụba na ndị agha nwere, a na-ebo ebubo nke-emebi isi nkwekọrịta, akpan akpan na ndokwa maka omume nke ọgụgụ isi eme ihe dị n'obodo ahụ. Site a geopolitical echiche, na CIS taa nwere abụghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ laghachi n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na n'oge gara aga, mgbe niile ugbu a ẹdude kwụụrụ nchegbu na mbụ na Russian Alaeze Ukwu na mgbe ahụ Soviet Union. Ka ọ dịgodị, na eziokwu, na ukara na-edu ndú nke Russian Federation na ya okwu, na site na media na-kwupụtara na-akatọ ndị ọchịchị nke ọzọ Commonwealth entities. Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị òtù nke International Association ebubo nlelị nke gara aga, nke bụ na-ahụkarị na omume n'okpuru nduzi nke mepụtara Western mba (isi US) na revanchist mmetụta (akpan akpan, ihe yiri ihe 2nd World War na ìhè, nke megidere ihe ot ụwa na Soviet-Russian historiography).