Gustav Meyrink: biography, creativity, mmegharị nke ọrụ

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama dere uzo nke XIX-XX ọtụtụ narị afọ - Gustav Meyrink. Expressionist na nsụgharị nke natara n'ụwa nile ude ekele nchụàjà "golem". Ọtụtụ nchọpụta ziri ezi na-akpọ ya otu n'ime ndị mbụ bestseller narị afọ nke 20.

Nwata na-eto eto

N'ọdịnihu oké edemede a mụrụ na Vienna ke 1868. Nna ya Minister Carl von Hemmingen e lụrụ omee Mary Meyer, mere Gustav mụrụ iwu na-akwadoghị. Site n'ụzọ, Meyer - ezigbo aha ya, utu aha Meyrink O were mgbe e mesịrị.

Biographers mara ihe na-akpali nju: na expressionist dere mụrụ January 19, na otu ụbọchị dị ka ndị a ma ama American dere-omimi, ndị American Edgar Allan Poe. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akwụkwọ nke ha mba, ha na-egwuri a yiri ọrụ.

Nwata Gustav Meyrink nwere na nne ya. Dị ka ihe na-eme ihe nkiri, ọ bụ mgbe n'okporo ụzọ, ka ya na nwata e mefuru mgbe nile na-ejegharị ejegharị. Learning na-abịa na ọtụtụ obodo - Hamburg, Munich, Prague. Meyrink na-eme nnyocha na-ekwu na nne ya mmekọahụ bụ jụụ. Ọ bụ ya mere, dị ka ọtụtụ edemede nkatọ, na-ewu ewu bụ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na ndị inyom a na ọrụ ya.

Prague oge

Na 1883 Meyrink wee Prague. Ebe a ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Academy nke Trade na bụ a onye oru banki ọrụ. Na obodo a, Gustav Meyrink nọrọ iri afọ abụọ, ugboro ugboro na-egosi ya na ọrụ ya. Prague bụghị naanị na ndabere maka ya, ma otu n'ime ndị isi a na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, dị ka "The golem," "Walpurgis Night", "The Angel nke West Ohere".

Ebe a bụ otu n'ime ndị isi mere ná ndụ nke onye dere, kwuru biographers. Banyere ya nwere ike ịmụta akụkọ nke "The Pilot", bipụtara mgbe ọnwụ ya. Na 1892 Meyrink nọ na-agbalị igbu onwe ya, na-enwe a ime mmụọ miri emi nsogbu. Ọ rigoro n'elu table, ekemende egbe na bụ banyere igba, onye echefuwo n'okpuru ibo ụzọ nke a obere akwụkwọ - "Life mgbe Ọnwụ". Si na-agbalị na-ahapụ a ndụ ọ bụ n'oge jụrụ. N'ozuzu, omimi ukem ini na-egwuri nnukwu ọrụ ná ndụ ya na ọrụ ya.

Meyrink bịara nwee mmasị na-amụ theosophy, kabbalah, na omimi ozizi nke East, na-eme yoga. Nke ikpeazụ nyeere ya aka ịnagide ya ọ bụghị nanị na ime mmụọ, ma na-na nsogbu anụ ahụ. Writer ná ndụ ya niile ahụhụ si na azụ mgbu.

ichekwa ego na bank

Na 1889, Gustav Meyrink kpọrọ aku ego. Ọnụ na a oyi, Christian Morgenstern tọrọ ntọala ụlọ akụ "Mayer na Morgenstern." Na mbụ, ihe we Uphill, ma a onye so dee aku ichekwa ego na bank ọrụ adịghị kwa ike, na-aṅa ndị ọzọ ntị na ndụ nke ụwa Dandy.

On mbido nke onye so dee kwuru ugboro ugboro, n'ihi na nke a, o ọbụna agha a duel na onye mara. Na 1892 ọ lụrụ fọrọ nke nta ozugbo edikpu di, kama ịgba alụkwaghịm nanị na 1905 n'ihi iwu ndị na-egbu oge na nnọgidesi ike nke nwunye ya.

The eziokwu na ichekwa ego na bank na-amalite nnọọ ukwu merụsịrị, ọ bịara doo anya na 1902, mgbe Meyrink me ikpe n'ihi na ngwa nke spiritualism na amoosu na ichekwa ego na bank arụmọrụ. Ọ nọrọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọnwa 3 na mkpọrọ. Ebubo ghọtara nkwutọ, ma nke a bụ ka a na-ezighị ezi mmetụta na ya ego ọrụ.

Ná mmalite edemede ọrụ

Meyrink nka ọrụ malitere na 1903 na a obere satirical akụkọ. Ugbua ha nwere a kwesiri ngosi mmasị mysticism. N'oge a, Gustav na-arụsi ọrụ ekwenyere ndị Prague neo-romanticism. N'oge opupu ihe ubi ọ hapụrụ ya akwụkwọ mbụ "Hot ndị ikom na ndị ọzọ akụkọ", na mgbe e mesịrị collection of akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi "Orchid. Iju akụkọ".

Na 1905, ọ na-abịaru a lụgharịa - na Filominoy Bernt. Ha njem, na-amalite na-ebipụta a satirical magazine. Na 1908 na-abịa nke atọ collection of akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi - "Wax". Ọrụ odide nwere ike na-eri nri a ezinụlọ, otú Meyrink malite ịmụ translation. N'ihi na a obere oge o jisiri ịsụgharị 5 mpịakọta nke Charles Dickens. Translation Meyrink aku ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ, gụnyere na-akwụ ụgwọ uche nke ukwuu ime anwansi akụkụ.

Nchụàjà "The golem"

Na 1915, o bipụtara ihe ndị kasị ama akwụkwọ site na-ede akwụkwọ - "golem". Meyrink ozugbo enweta European ebube. Na isi nke ngwaahịa akụkọ nke rabaị ndị Juu bụ onye kere a ụrọ anụ ndụ ya iji kabbalistskih akụkụ.

The edinam na-ewe ebe Prague. The narrator, onye aha-anọgide na-amaghị ama, n'ụzọ ụfọdụ okụt okpu nke a ụfọdụ Athanasius nnụnụ. Mgbe nke a, ndị dike na-amalite ịhụ nrọ iju, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ya bụ ezigbo nnụnụ. Ọ na-agbalị ịchọta nwe a okpu. Na njedebe, na-amụta na nke a stonecutter na-eweghachi, bụ ndị dịrị ndụ ọtụtụ afọ gara aga na Prague, ndị Juu Ghetto.

The akwụkwọ bụ oké ihe ịga nke ọma n'ụwa nile, na-ahapụ a ndekọ maka na oge mgbasa nke 100 puku akwụkwọ. Ewu ewu na nke ngwaahịa na-adịghị egbochi ọbụna First World War, nke dara n'oge ahụ, na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọrụ na-adịghị na-eto ngwá agha, mgbe ke Austria-Hungary na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma.

German na Russian "golem" sụgharịa maara nke ọma Soviet nsụgharị David Vygodskii na 20-30s.

The akpa akwa ihe ịga nke ọma mbo ewu ewu na nke Meyrink na ụdi akwụkwọ akụkọ, Otú ọ dị, otú ahụ a nnukwu mgbasa, ha na-agaghịkwa emepụta. "Green ihu" e wepụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 40 000 mbipụta.

Ịga nke Ọma na fim

Mgbe ntọhapụ nke nchụàjà "The golem" aghọwo-ewu ewu mmegharị nke Meyrink akwụkwọ. The mbụ isiokwu kwagara nnukwu ihuenyo a German film director Paul Wegener na 1915. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na na nchụàjà Meyrink ejikọ ha na mbụ akụkọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-adịghị chịrị si na akwụkwọ a sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ filmmakers. The ọrụ ọ na-egwuri golem Wegener. N'ihi ya, o kere a trilogy banyere a ụrọ mmadụ. Na 1917, ihe osise "The golem na Naa," na 1920 "The golem: How Ọ bịara n'ụwa." N'ụzọ dị mwute, nke mbụ film na-ka weere furu efu. Ọ chekwara na ihe 4 nkeji nke awa ihuenyo oge. Ma ekele Wegener golem ghọrọ a recognizable cinematic ụzọ.

Meyrink film mmegharị nke akwụkwọ adịghị e. Na 1936 na Czechoslovakia, abịa film "The golem." Meyrink toro ọrụ gwara site Julien Duvivier. Na 1967, ọ fọrọ nke nta n'ụzọ nkịtị a akwụkwọ filmed French director Jean Kershborn. Na 1979, otu isiokwu ejiri Polish cinematographer Piotr Szulkin.

"Green ihu" na "Walpurgis Night"

Ke Ruth nke ọma ole na ole ọrụ nke na-ede akwụkwọ, dị ka Gustav Meyrink, "Green ihu" na "Walpurgis Night". Na-atọ akwụkwọ nke Austrian impressionist edinam ọzọ na-ebe ke Prague, n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. "Walpurgis Night" e dere a grotesque ụdị, ya ọzọ a otutu mysticism, esotericism. Author mocks Austrian burghers na-isi.

Ke ufọt akụkọ bụ abụọ ụzọ abụọ nke odide. Imperial Life dibịa Bekee na ya ekaufọk, a akwụna onye dara ogbenye, na-eto eto na-abụ abụ Ottakar na ịhụnanya na-bụ nwa nwanne nke Countess Záhradky, onye iwu na-akwadoghị nwa ọ bụ.

Isi ihe na-ewe ebe na Walpurgis Night, mgbe, dị ka akụkọ mgbe, agaghịkwa etinye na mbụ iwu, ụzọ ajar n'etiti anyị na ụwa na-esote. Na nke a atụ Gustav Meyrink, onye biography nwere njikọ chiri anya nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọ na-agbali iji kọwaa ndị dị egwu nke agha na ndị na-abịa mgbanwe.

The njedebe - a ọbara agha dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ha si n'agbụrụ ndị osise nke oge ndị Hussite agha. Mgbe e mesịrị na-eme nnyocha na-atụle "Walpurgis Night" dị ka a ụdị ịdọ aka ná ntị. The eziokwu na kpọmkwem otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị na Prague wee ebe mba okwu, iji iwe na repressed alaeze ukwu agha.

Na Russia, "Walpurgis Night" ghọrọ-ewu ewu azụ ke 20s. Ọtụtụ edemede ọkà mmụta ọbụna kwere na Archibald Archibaldovich nke Romana Bulgakova "Master na Margarita", onye nduzi nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Griboyedov ụlọ, depụtaghachiri si Mr. Bzdinke, nwe tavern "Green Frog" si Meyrink.

akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Meyrink

Na 1921 Meyrink ebipụta nchụàjà "White Dominican" na-adịghị natara nile ịga nke ọma n'etiti ọha na eze, na na 1927 tọhapụrụ ikpeazụ ya isi ọrụ - "The Angel nke West Ohere". Na mbụ, ndị nkatọ na-emeso ya coldly, a Russian translation pụtara naanị na 1992, ekele Vladimir Kryukov.

The akwụkwọ na-ewe ebe ọtụtụ n'ígwé nke pụtara. Tupu anyị Vienna 1920. The Central akụkọ agwa - a na-eso ụzọ na a na nkpuru nke Dzhona Di, n'ezie na-ndụ Welsh ọkà mmụta sayensị na My Chemical Romance nke XVI narị afọ. Aka ya na-ada ikwọ nna nna. Ha na-agụ na-punctuated na mkpa ihe ndị mere na ndụ onwe onye nke protagonist. All nke a bụ ihe atụ ma na kwekọkwara na biography nke Dzhona Di.

Na nke a akwụkwọ a na-enwe mmetụta Russian akwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ dike azụ ka odide nke Dostoevsky na Andrew White.

Ịrịba ama Meyrink style

Atụmatụ Meyrink style ọma deere ya ọhụrụ akwụkwọ. Na ya center alchemical nnọchianya nke dị nsọ alụmdi na nwunye. E nwere ihe abụọ - nwoke na nwanyị, ndị na-achọ ịhụ otu unit na isi agwa. All nke a bụ reminiscent nke ozizi nke Carl Jung si psychoanalytical nkọwa alchemical atụ. Na ngwaahịa ugbu a na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke na-ezo aka My Chemical Romance, Kabbalah na tantric ozizi.

onye dere ọnwụ

Gustav Meyrink, nke akwụkwọ na-ewu ewu nnọọ, agabigawo na afọ nke 64 afọ. Ọnwụ ya nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọdachi nke nwa Fọtunetọs. Winter 1932 24-nwata nwoke dị afọ e merụrụ ahụ mgbe ski, na hụrụ ndụ na ndị ngwọrọ. The nwa okorobịa ike ibu a ma gbuo onwe ya. N'otu afọ, mgbe ọ nọ na-agbalị ime ka nna ya, kama Meyrink-okenye ahụ na echekwa site a omimi akwụkwọ nta.

Writer abaghịzi nwa ya banyere 6 ọnwa. December 4, 1932, ọ nwụrụ na mberede. Ọ mere na obere Bavarian obodo nke Starnberg. E liri ya na-esote nwa ya nwoke. Na ili Meyrink setịpụrụ ọcha ịkpụ na ihe e dere na Latin vivo, nke pụtara "na-ebi ndụ".

Na Russia Meyrink dịwo machibidoro, karịsịa n'oge Soviet oge. Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union kasị nke ọrụ ya, a sụgharịala Russian na bipụtara.