Khan Giray: biography. usoro ndị eze Giray

Giray Dynasty fọrọ nke nta 350 afọ nke na-achị site na Crimea Khanate. Ọ na-egosi na ụwa a ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama, ndị ụfọdụ n'ime ha eminent statesmen, na ndị ọzọ hụrụ ha ịrụ ọrụ nọ na ọrụ nke sayensị na omenala. Nke ikpeazụ ụdị gụnyere maara nke ọma art ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere na ethnographer Sultan Khan Giray. The biography nke nwoke a, na akụkọ na Giray usoro ndị eze dị ka a dum ga-atụle nke nkwurịta okwu anyị.

Biography Khan Giray

Sultan Khan Giray A mụrụ 1808 n'ebe bụ ugbu a Adygeya. Ọ bụ ya bụ atọ nwa Crimea Tatar nobleman, si Khan si ụdị - Mehmeda Han Giray. Ke adianade do, ya veins-asọpụta na Sultan na Circassian ọbara. The kasị mma àgwà ndị a na mba abụọ na-nwere njikọ chiri anya na ya.

Mgbe na-eru afọ 29 ọ abuana ke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agha na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, mgbe ndị nwere n'usoro nke mara na iwu a iche iche nkewa. Ma na Kọkeshịan agha, mgbe akwa ya n'ụlọ, m na-ekere òkè, ọ bụ ezie na, n'ezie, nke mwute agha kwuru n'obi ya.

Khan Giray dere a nọmba nke ọrụ na ethnography, akụkọ ifo na-art akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Circassian ndị mmadụ, bụ ndị natara n'ụwa nile ama. "Notes banyere Circassia" na "Circassian ọdịnala" n'etiti ha. Ọ na-- na-ede akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ ọrụ nkà. Ma ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ya e bipụtara naanị mgbe ọnwụ ya. Khan Giray makwaara dị ka onye malitere nke Adyghe mkpụrụ akwụkwọ.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1841 ọ na a ifịk ifịk-azọ n'etiti Highlanders (na nnọchite nke Russian ọchịchị) maka nzube nke dị ná mma. Otú ọ dị, ya na mgbalị biri na efu. Giray Khan nwụrụ na afọ afọ 34, na 1842, na ala nna ya ala.

Nke a pụrụ iche nwoke fọduru nwa - Sultan Murat Giray, onye a mụrụ n'afọ nke nna ya nwụsịrị. Ma onyinye nke Sultan Khan Giray na mmepe nke Adyghe omenala na akwụkwọ - oké ọnụ ahịa.

Dị ka otu version, ọ bụ na ya nsọpụrụ Crimea Tatars chọrọ ịnyegharị na Khan Giray Kherson.

Ka anyị chọpụta ndị bụ nna nna nke onye ahụ dị ndị pụtara ìhè.

The isi nke usoro ndị eze

The nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze, ndi-isi nke Crimea bụ Haji Giray. Ọ si a ụdị Tukatimuridov - onye nke alaka nke ụmụ Genghis Khan. Dị ka ọzọ version, mgbọrọgwụ Giray usoro ndị eze si n'eriri ndị Mongol ụdị Kireev, ma Genghisides e kenyere na mgbe e mesịrị ka ziri ezi ha kwesịrị ịchị.

Haji Giray mụrụ banyere 1397 na ókèala nke oge a na Belarus, mgbe na-ezo aka Grand Duchy nke Lithuania (GDL).

N'oge ahụ, Zolotaya Orda na-aga site na ike ụfọdụ, n'ezie kewaa ọtụtụ onwe ha na-ekwu. Power na Crimea, na nkwado nke Lithuanian Grand Duke ike na 1441 weghara Haji Giray. N'ihi ya, ọ ghọrọ nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze, nke na-achị na ndị Crimea fọrọ nke nta 350 afọ.

Na isi iyi nke ike

Mengli Giray - Khan, onye tọrọ ntọala nke ike nke Crimea Khanate. Ọ bụ nwa nke Haji Giray, mgbe onye ọnwụ (na 1466) a na-alụ maka ike n'etiti umu.

Ná mmalite Khan nwa mbụ nke Haji Giray - Nur Devlet. Ma Mengli Giray kpebiri-aka nke iwu. Ọtụtụ ugboro na N'ezie nke a internecine mgba na Crimea Khanate gbanwere onye na-achị. Na nke a, ma ọ bụrụ na Nur Devlet ya na-ekwu dabeere na ike nke Golden Horde na ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, na Mengli nzọ na obodo Crimea mara. Mesịrị sonyere ndị agha otu ihe nwanne - Eider. Na 1477 ọ jisiri ẹkemụm ocheeze Janibekov onye na-abụghị nke ndị Giray usoro ndị eze.

N'ikpeazụ, na 1478 Mengli Giray mesịrị nwee ike imeri ha rivals ma nweta a foothold n'ike. Ọ bụ ya na-tọrọ ntọala nke ike nke Crimea Khanate. Otú ọ dị, na-alụso ndị ọzọ na-aga ime, ọ na-aghaghị ikwere ya nọ n'okpuru ala nke Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu, na inye ndịda nke Crimea, nke colonized ya jikọrọ aka - na Genoa, na achịkwa kpọmkwem nke Turks.

Crimea Khan Giray Mengli njikọ aka ha na Moscow megide Great Horde (ndị nọchiri ndị Golden Horde), na Lithuania. Na 1482 agha ya bibiri Kiev, nke n'oge bụ ON. Mgbe ọ rụrụ uka Crimea Tatars eri raids na ala nke Grand Duchy nke Lithuania ke kpuchie nke nnabata na Moscow Treaty. Na 1502 Mengli Giray akpatre ebibi kasị Horde.

Nwụrụ Anwụ Mengli Giray na 1515.

Ọzọkwa ike nke Khan ike

Ọzọkwa wusiri State Mehmed Giray - Khan, onye chịrị mgbe ọnwụ Mengli Giray na-abịa na-nwa-ya. N'adịghị ka nna ya, ọ bụ nwa okorobịa na-akwadebe na-a onye na-achị na aha - kalga, nke yiri ihe n'usoro nke okpueze onyeisi. Mehmed Giray mere ọtụtụ mkpọsa na raids haziri Mengli Giray.

Site na oge nke ya accession ocheeze ọ ẹkenịmde ke aka ya niile eri nke ọchịchị, nke mere na mgbalị nke ụmụnna ya ka nnupụisi e ịkụ afọ n'ala.

Na 1519 Krymskoe Hanstvo amụbawo budata kemgbe kwagara n'ime ya n'ókèala nke Nogai Horde. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na Nogai meriri Kazakhs, na otú nwere ịjụ maka ndo Mehmed Giray.

Mgbe Mehmed bụ mgbanwe nke mba ọzọ amụma nke Crimea Khanate. Mgbe Great Horde e meriri site nna-ya, ọ dị mkpa ka njikọ aka ha na Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi okụrede, otú Mehmed Giray Khan ihe ọ bụla jikọrọ ya na Lithuania megide Russia. Na na ọ na 1521, na mbụ isi mkpọsa nke Crimea Tatars na Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi hazie.

Mehmed Giray jisiri na-etinye na ocheeze nke Kazan Khanate nwanne ya - Sahib Giray, si otú inyịme ya mmetụta na Middle Volga mpaghara. Na 1522, ọ captures Astrakhan Khanate. N'ihi ya, Mehmed Giray n'ezie jisiri nọrọ n'okpuru a akụkụ buru ibu nke mbụ Golden Horde.

Ma anọ na Astrakhan, na Khan ama ara ike ya na etisasịwo ndị agha, i nwere ike iji na-akatọ, na-ahazi a izu ọjọọ megide Mehmed Giray ma gbuo ya na 1523.

The n'elu nke ike

Na oge site na 1523 site na 1551 alternately chịrị ụmụnna na ụmụ nke Mehmed Giray. Nke a na oge bụ oké nkọ mgba n'ime Crimea Khanate. Ma na 1551, ọ bịara na ike, Devlet Giray - nwa Mubarak, nke, n'aka, bụ nwa Mengli Giray. Ọ bụ n'oge ọchịchị ya, Krymskoe Hanstvo ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ike.

Devlet Giray - Crimea Khan, onye karịsịa ma ama raids na Russian ala. Mkpọsa bịara ná njedebe na 1571, ọbụna ọkụ Moscow.

Devlet Giray bụ na ike afọ 26 na akpa ke 1577.

The idem emem nke Khanate

Ọ bụrụ na nwa Devlet Giray Mehmed II ka jisiri na-ugwu nke Crimea Khanate, mgbe ahụ, uru nke ya na-anọchi Tatar obodo na mba arena adawo budata. Mehmed II onwe ya 1584, a kwaturu site Turkish ọchịchị, ma kama kụrụ nwanne Islyam Giray. Ịgbaso Crimea khans nwere obere ọwọrọiso-achị achị, ma na steeti ọgba aghara na-emezi ugboro ugboro.

Na 1648, ndị arena nke nnukwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-agbalị na-aga Islyam Giray III, njikọ aka na Zaporozhye Cossacks na ntọhapụ agha megide Commonwealth. Ma nke a na mmekorita anya dara iche na Hetman kpaliri ụmụ amaala na Russian Tsar.

The ikpeazụ onye na-achị

The ikpeazụ onye na-achị nke Crimea Khanate pụtara Khan Shahin Giray. Ọbụna n'oge ọchịchị nke ya ụzọ, Devlet Giray IV nke, na 1774, Krymskoe Hanstvo nweela onwe si Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu na kwetara na Protectorate of Russia. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọnọdụ nke Kuchuk Kaynarca ụwa, dechara ọzọ Russian-Turkish agha.

Crimea Khan Shahin Giray wee ike na 1777 dị ka protégé of Russia. Ọ na-elu ocheeze kama pro-Turkish Devlet Giray IV. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna kụziri site Russian ogwe aka, ọ nọdụrụ loosely n'ocheeze ahụ. Nke a na-ìhè site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na na 1782 ọ nọ na-wepụ si n'ocheeze nke nwanne ya nwoke Bahadir Giray, bịara ike na a-efegharị efegharị nke-ewu ewu nsogbu. Site n'enyemaka nke Russian agha Shahin Giray jisiri naputa ocheeze ahụ, ma aka iso ọchịchị ya bụ a akụkọ ifo, n'ihi na ezigbo ike ọ dịghịzi nwere.

Na 1783, a akụkọ ifo e tutu amama. Shahin Giray aka ya abdication, na Crimea Khanate e weghaara na Russian Alaeze Ukwu. N'ihi ya biri ọchịchị Giray na Crimea. Board asambodo Shagina nwere ike ugbu a na-eje ozi ma e wezụga ego Giray Khan, onye image nwere ike hụrụ n'elu.

Shahin Giray mgbe abdication biri mbụ na Russian, ma mgbe ahụ, kwaga Turkey, ebe ke 1787 ọ na e gburu na iwu nke Sultan.

Giray usoro ndị eze mgbe ike na ọnwụ

Sultan Khan Giray - abụghị naanị ụdị nnọchiteanya onye ghọrọ maara mgbe ọnwụ nke ike nke usoro ndị eze n'elu Crimea. Famous ndị ụmụnne ya - Sultan Adil Giray na Sagat Sultan Giray, onye ghọrọ ama ndị agha ubi maka abamuru nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu.

Great-nwa nwanne nke Khan-Giray Giray Sultan Davlet adygskogo ghọrọ nchoputa nke nkiri. Nwanna nke ikpeazụ, Suta Crimea Giray, bụ onyeisi oche nke na Kọmitii nke ndi agha Division. Ma na e gburu na 1918 site na Bolsheviks.

Ugbu a, ndị aha nke Crimea Khan kpọrọ ekwu Dzhezzar Pamir Giray, bụ onye bi na London.

Pụtara Gireev obiọma na ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme

Rhode Gireev ekpe ihe akara na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Crimea, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa dị ka a dum. The aha nke a usoro ndị eze na-fọrọ nke nta ka nwere njikọ chiri ịdị adị nke Crimea Khanate - ala, nke na mgbe ya na-egwuri a na-eduga ọrụ na Eastern Europe.

Gireev echeta ma ugbu ọgbọ nke Crimea Tatars, akpakọrịta ụdị dị ebube ugboro na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba. Sịkwa ha inwe ihe ụzọ ịnyegharị Khan Giray Kherson.