Kimberlite diamond anwụrụ - kasị oghe olulu diamond Ngwuputa. The mbụ kimberlite anwụrụ

Kimberlite anwụrụ vetikal ma ọ bụ nso dị otú ahụ a geological ahụ, nke e hiwere site ezumike site jikọrọ ọnụ , haruru. A na ogidi a e ji n'ezie gigantic akụkụ. Kimberlite anwụrụ nwere a udi nke yiri a nnukwu carrot ma ọ bụ a na iko. The elu nke na ọ na - na ọ bụ a ibu ntopute conical udi, ma na ịdị omimi nke na ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ narrowed na n'ikpeazụ na-aga n'ime a akwara. N'ezie, a geological ahụ bụ ụdị oge ochie ugwu mgbawa, ala nke ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu-ebibi n'ihi ozize Filiks.

Gịnị bụ kimberlite?

A ihe onwunwe bụ a nkume, nke bụ phlogopite, pyrope, olivine na ndị ọzọ na mineral. Kimberlite dị iche iche nwa na greenish na bluish tint. N'oge ahụ, e nwere ihe karịrị otu puku ozu kwuru ihe onwunwe, iri percent nke onye dịịrị diamond guzobere. Ọkachamara na-ekwu na banyere 90% niile ebuka nke diamond isi mmalite na-lekwasị ke kimberlite ọjà, ma ndị fọdụrụ 10% - na lamproite.

Egwuregwu mgbagwoju anya metụtara si malite diamonds

N'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ ndị ọmụmụ na ubi nke diamond ego, oge a ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ka na-enweghị ike kọwaa ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ ndị a na-si na ịdị adị nke a dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume.

Ilu otu: mere kimberlite anwụrụ emi odude kpamkpam na oge ochie nyiwe na ọta, nke bụ ihe ndị kasị mụ na resilient nkanka nke jikọrọ ọnụ? N'ihi na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ndị a n'ígwé bụ 40 kilomita nkume esịnede basalt, konkiri, na ndị ọzọ. Gịnị dịkwa mkpa ike ka ndị dị otú a itunanya?! Mere kimberlite anwụrụ izu bụ ike n'elu ikpo okwu, na ọ dịghị ihe karịrị a na mkpa, n'ihi na ihe atụ, oké osimiri n'ala, na ọkpụrụkpụ nke nke bụ naanị iri kilomita, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe zones - na ala nke oké osimiri na kọntinent? Mgbe niile, na ebe ndị a nwere ọtụtụ narị of agbọpụta ọkụ ... Iji zaa ajụjụ a, geologists na-enweghị ike.

Ọzọ omimi bụ ihe ijuanya kimberlite anwụrụ udi. N'ezie, ọ dịghị anya dị ka a ọjà, ma kama - na iko maka champeenu: a nnukwu cone na a mkpa stalk, nke na-aga n'ime omimi.

Nke atọ omimi gbasara ọhụrụ iche nke minerals na ndị dị otú ahụ oké nkume. All minerals na crystallize na a wụrụ awụ magma etolite a n'ụzọ doro anya ihu kristal. Ihe Nlereanya nwere ike ije ozi dị ka apatite, zircon, olivine, garnet, ilmenite. Ha na-ekesa na kimberlites, ma, ọ bụghị ndị nwere crystal ihu na-echetara osimiri pebbles. All mgbalị geologists chọta azịza a ilu ma ọ bụ enweghị isi. Otú ọ dị, diamonds na nso kwuru minerals, nwere ezigbo ụdị octahedrons, nke e ji nkọ n'ọnụ.

Olee otú na-akpọ nke mbụ kimberlite anwụrụ

Nke mbụ n'ime ha geological ozu na a hụrụ na mụtara site ndị mmadụ, na-emi odude ke edem usụk Afrika na Kimberley Province. Aha nke bi aghọwo a ezinụlọ aha maka ndị nile dị otú ozu, nakwa dị ka nkume nwere diamonds. Nke a mbụ tube a na-akpọ "Big Oghere", ọ na-atụle ihe kasị ọrụ na ndị mmadụ mepụtara n'ejighị technology. Ugbu a, ọ na ike gwụrụ ya na bụ isi mma nke obodo. Site 1866 na 1914, akpa kimberlite anwụrụ nyere 2722mkg diamond mmepe, na-anọchite anya 14.5 nde carats. The na-agbari okwute mîdaha banyere 50 puku ndị mmadụ, ndị na-eji shọvel na họpụta mmadụ amịpụtara banyere 22,5 nde tọn ala. Area Development bụ 17 hectare, ya perimeta - 1,6 km na obosara - 463 m Omimi na-agbari okwute bụ 240 mita, ma mgbe mmanụ jupụtara gangue .. Ugbu a, ndị "Big Oghere" bụ ihe na wuru ọdọ na a omimi nke naanị 40 mita.

The kasị ibu na-emeghe olulu diamond Ngwuputa

Diamond Ngwuputa malitere na Russia na n'etiti ikpeazụ nke narị afọ ndị mbụ na 1954 nkwụnye ego "Summer àmụmà" on osimiri Viluy, nke iri na 32 hectare. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị nke abụọ kimberlite diamond anwụrụ a hụrụ na Yakutia, ọ na-aha ya bụ "Udo". Around a na ubi na-eto n'ime obodo nke Mirny. Iji ụbọchị zoro kimberlite anwụrụ (photos ga-enyere onye na-agụ iche Ịdị ukwuu nke diamond nkwụnye ego) a na-ewere ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa. ọrụ omimi bụ 525 mita, na dayameta - 1,2 km. open-olulu diamond Ngwuputa e kwụsịrị ke 2004. Ugbu a, ndị na-ewu nke ala m bụ underway na-arụ ọrụ ndị fọdụrụ mee, nke ezumike bụ na-emeghe ụzọ na-ize ndụ ma na-abaghị uru nke. Dị ka ọkachamara, mmepe nke na-atụle akpa ga-adịru dịkarịa ala ọzọ afọ 30.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke "Mir" kimberlite anwụrụ

Development nke ubi e rụrụ na aka ike Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. Iji inwere site na permafrost, aghaghị m ịfụ rock na dynamite. Ugbua na 60s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke m nyere 2 n'arọ nke diamonds kwa afọ, na pasent 20 nke ha kwekọrọ mkpuru quality bee na mgbe abanye ọla-echekwa dị ka diamonds. Ndị fọdụrụ na-eji maka ulo oru nzube. Site 1957 na 2001, ke "Mir" na-agbari okwute mined diamonds, mkpokọta na-eri nke nke iri na $ 17 ijeri. Mgbe oge a n'olulu ahụ gbasara ka ibu iga-agafe 8 kilomita site n'elu na ala nke gburugburu ụzọ. Helikọpta na-machibidoro ofufe n'elu ihe, dị ka a buru ibu na ndagwurugwu ahụ dị nnọọ na eme nzuzu niile ugbo elu. Ogologo mgbidi ọrụ dị ka ize ndụ n'ihi ala iga, na ndị mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ na mmanụ: n'ebe a ize ndụ nke Mbuzo. Taa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-emepe emepe eco-obodo oru ngo, nke a ga-emi odude ke a na-agbari okwute. N'ihi na nke a olulu na-zubere ka ekpuchi na a translucent dome, nke ga-wụnye anyanwụ ogwe. The ohere nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu obodo atụmatụ kewaa tiers: na top - na ndị dị ndụ ebe, nkezi - iji mepụta a park ebe, na ala ga-ugbo.

ọgwụgwụ

Diamond Ngwuputa nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme. Dị ka ọhụrụ nchoputa na Mbelata nke pụtara na-edu ndú gafere mbụ si India na Brazil, na mgbe ahụ na - na South Africa. N'oge ya enyene a na-eduga itie ke Botswana, nke abụọ ebe - Russia.