Labeling nke mmanụ. Nhazi ọkwa nke moto mmanụ. Nyopụta engine mmanụ labeling

Ọ bụla ụgbọ ala nwe, na-elekọta ala ụgbọ ala gị, na-aṅa uche pụrụ iche na àgwà nke moto mmanụ. Mgbe niile, ya Njirimara na àgwà adabere ọ bụghị nanị na pụrụ ịdabere na ime ihe niile na-akpụ akpụ akụkụ nke engine, kamakwa Ekliziastis nke ha ọrụ. Ke adianade do, ndị ogbenye mma ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị adịkwa mmanụ nwere ike ime ka ọdịda nke dum lubrication usoro.

Na moto nke ala ụgbọ ala gị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a elekere, ma ya nkọwa jere ozi ruo ogologo oge, gị mkpa ịmụta ịghọta ụdị nke lubricants na ahịa taa.

Gịnị mere m mkpa ịkpọ mmanụ

Iji na-ahọrọ nri mmanu nwere ike ịbụ naanị ịmara na pụtara na mmanụ marking engine ma ọ bụ nnyefe. Nịm yiri unintelligible odide na ọgụgụ e biri ebi na awụnye na mmanu, na-ekpebi ya emeputa, ndị mejupụtara, na ojiji nke dị iche iche nke engine ma ọ bụ nnyefe nakwa dị ka ịmachi okpomọkụ ọnọdụ ọrụ. Ke adianade do, labeling nke mmanụ iji chọpụta ha nhazi ọkwa dị ka otu ìgwè na viscosity Njirimara.

Iji ghọta ihe a nile, ị na mbụ mkpa ịghọta na-anọchi anya na akara dị na akpa labelụ na a mmanu ihe onwunwe. Ọ bụghị na-achọ n'ihu, na-amalite na engine mmanụ.

Nyopụta engine mmanụ labeling

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ a mmanu, ihe mbụ bụ ịjụ ndị na-ere ákwà banyere nzube ya, e ji mara na emeputa, na mgbe ahụ na-eji tụnyere ozi nyere na data kpọmkwem na labelụ.

A mmanụ marking engine nwere ndị na-esonụ ozi:

• emeputa;
• aha nke mmanụ;
• dabeere lubricants (organic, sịntetik ma ọ bụ ọkara synthetics);
• àgwà na nzube nke API nhazi ọkwa;
• SAE viscosity Njirimara nke nhazi ọkwa;
• ogbe ole;
• ụbọchị nke rụpụta

Na taa ahịa i nwere ike ịhụ ngwaahịa ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ndị ndú ụwa na mmepụta nke lubricants, nakwa dị ka kpamkpam na-amaghị ama ọkara ala mbubata na anụ ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-Nlụpụta moto mmanụ. The price nke a ika na "matchlock" N'ezie, nke dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ na o siri ike kwesịrị achụ cheapness mgbe ọ na-abịa lubrication onwe gị ụgbọ ala.

Oke nke mmanụ bụ na-emekarị ọ dịghị okwu na emeputa na aha. Advertising ma kwe nkwa mere ebe a bụ ihe kacha mma criterion.

Ogbe nọmba na ụbọchị nke rụpụta mmanụ na-egosi na kwesịrị ekwesị nke mmanu. Mgbe lubricants adịghị emebi, mma kwụsị iji kubie ume ngwaahịa.

Ọ bụrụ na emeputa, aha na ụbọchị nke rụpụta nke mmanu bụ ihe ma ọ bụ na-erughị doro anya, mgbe ahụ, na ndị ọzọ qualitative jikoro ẹdude na labelụ, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta na ihe zuru ezu. Correct decryption engine mmanụ labeling ga-bụghị naanị aka ịghọta otú mmanu kwekọrọ na engine nke ala ụgbọ ala gị, ma na-ahọrọ ndị kasị mma ngwaahịa.

mmanụ dabeere

Kpomkwem niile lubricants mejupụtara nakweere ka ọkwa n'ime atọ dị iche iche:

• ịnweta (organic);
• ọkara;
• sịntetik

Ịnweta mmanụ na-emepụta si eke onwunwe - mmanụ. Ha adịghị enwe ultra-elu atụ n'ígwè Njirimara na viscosity inikiet inikiet ịgbanwe mgbe okpomọkụ mgbanwe. Dị otú ahụ lubricants na-eji isi maka ke ochie anụ ụlọ ụgbọala na traktọ. Akara mmanụ ewepụtara mmanụ ala, mejupụtara e dere «Ịnweta».

Sịntetik lubricants bụ sịntetik ngwaahịa nwetara n'oge organic njikọ. Ndị a mmanụ, na okwu nke ya ịrụ ọrụ Njirimara nwere nnukwu uru n'elu ịnweta. E kere ha site wuru n'aka kpọmkwem maka ke oké egwu okpomọkụ ọnọdụ. Labeling sịntetik mmanụ mejupụtara e dere «Ofụri Esịt Sịntetik».

Sịntetik lubricants nwere ntakiri volatility na ojiji, nwere ogologo ọrụ ndụ, na-enye ihe kasị anụ ọrụ na ala okpomọkụ usoro. Ha na-eji mmanụ dizel engines na mmanụ ụgbọala, gụnyere ukwuu accelerated.

N'ihi na karịrị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oge a ụgbọala na-eji nanị sịntetik mmanụ. Ya price nnọọ elu karịa na ịnweta, ma were nke ọhụrụ na oge a engines bụ nanị adịghị anakwere.

Semisynthetic lubricants - a eluigwe na ala atụ n'ígwè ngwaahịa nwetara site proportional Ịgwakọta nke ịnweta ma sịntetik mmanụ. Na niile kasị mma àgwà nke "organic" na "sịntetik", ha na-a eluigwe na ala mmanu n'ihi na ụdị engine. Kpebisie ike na ọkara sịntetik mmanụ nwere ike ịkpọ «ọkara Sịntetik».

mmanụ viscosity

The isi e ji mara ndị engine lubricants bụ viscosity. Na ọ ga-eduzi bụ isi ihe na-ahọpụta engine mmanụ. Taa, ọkọlọtọ usoro nke nkewa nke moto lubricants site viscosity SAE nhazi ọkwa a na-ewere. Ọ mepụtara American Society of Automotive Engineers, ma ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa na-akanye nke mmanụ.

Dị ka ya, na-viscosity nke moto mmanụ bụ nke abụọ iche iche: ndị kinematic na-akpa ike. The mbụ e ji ike na-asọpụta site na a pụrụ iche capillary tube maka ụfọdụ oge. The abụọ na-egosi otú ndị viscosity mgbanwe n'okpuru nduzi nke okpomọkụ ma na ike ọsọ nke esemokwu ọcha.

Mmanụ, ka ọ bụla mmiri mmiri, nēche ịgbanwe n'okpuru nduzi nke ihere okpomọkụ. Ya viscosity elu ke oyi na okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru. Na ike iche nke a na-egosi ike na-amụba ma ọ bụ ibelata na ọtụtụ narị ugboro. Oil SAE labeling na-enye ohere maka seasonality nke ya ngwa na gradation on:

• n'oge okpomọkụ;
• oyi;
• multigrade

Summer mmanụ

Na-agba ọsọ lubricants nwere a elu viscosity na-enye nke kacha mma lubrication nke rubbing akụkụ na dịkarịa ala esemokwu. Otú ọ dị, ihe dị otú ahụ mmanụ mgbe okpomọkụ tụlee n'okpuru 0 ⁰ C aghọ oke oké, na-eme engine malite agaghị ekwe omume. Starter nnọọ ike pịgharịa site dum usoro nke ndị dị otú a viscosity.

Summer usoro moto nwere a space designation lubricants site 20 ruo 60 nkeji, ịchọpụta na klas nke viscosity vesos okpomọkụ na nzọụkwụ nke 10.

N'ihi ya, mmanụ na-akanye okpomọkụ ojiji nwere ndị ọzọ a kpọrọ SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40, SAE 50 na SAE 60, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ịpụta ihe kacha nta na kacha viscosity na ọrụ okpomọkụ nke 100-150 ⁰ C. The elu nọmba, thicker lubrication maka kpo oku.

Winter mmanụ

Akara oyi mmanụ nwere nọmba 0 25 na increments nke 5 nkeji na-egosi na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka akwụkwọ ozi W, na-egosi na ngwa oge (si English «oyi» -. Winter). Iji chọpụta na kacha nta okpomọkụ nke ya were, ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ ya si sị nọmba 40. ihe atụ, na oyi mmanụ 5 na-W bụ ⁰ -35 C, 20W -20 ka ⁰ C, wdg Nke a ala ókè okpomọkụ na nke n'ígwè ọmụmụ nwere ike pumped site na usoro.

Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na oyi nke lubrication dịkwa mkpa otu criterion na-akọwa na ala ịgba nke okpomọkụ na nke Starter moto ga-enwe ike pịgharịa site na usoro maka ya igba egbe - a iduzi. Iji chọta ya mkpa na-a kpọmkwem ọtụtụ 35. N'ihi ya, mmanụ 10 W maka ala na okpomọkụ ịgba maka engine mmalite bụ -25 ⁰ C.

Year-gburugburu mmanụ

Ndị a lubricants bụ eluigwe na ala na-ekwe ka na-eji ha nile n'afọ. Nke a bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu ma na-achọsi moto mmanụ. Akara multigrade lubricants iso nke abụọ nọmba na English akwụkwọ ozi W therebetween. The mbụ egosi egosi a ókè kacha nta okpomọkụ na nke engine oyi mmalite bụ omume, na nke abụọ - na viscosity na kacha na-arụ ọrụ kpo oku.

Ka ihe atụ, 5W40 mmanụ labeling na-egosi na moto na-amalite na a griiz ẹkenịmde ke -35 ⁰ C. The akwụkwọ ozi W, kewara ndị na oyi na okpomọkụ na-egosi na-egosi ebe a na eluigwe na ala applicability nke n'oge a kara aka.

Oke viscosity na okpomọkụ nke 100-150 ⁰ C + ga-40 nkeji.

mmanụ labeling SAE na ya nlere GOST

Russian nhazi ọkwa nke moto mmanụ izute chọrọ nke GOST 17479.1-85. Ọ na-aghasasị mmanu na klas nke viscosity na ngwa nzube.

Na-agba ọsọ mmanụ akara numerals 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24. Ha na-egosi viscosity na mm ² / s. The elu na ọnụ ọgụgụ, na thicker lubrication. Akara oyi mmanụ na-enye naanị atọ nọmba - 4, 5 ma ọ bụ 6.

Multigrade lubricants nwere okpukpu abụọ na-akọrọ designation, ebe numerator - a oyi na klas, na denominator - okpomọkụ. Ke adianade do, na-akanye mgbe transcript dere akwụkwọ ozi "h" na-egosi na mmanụ a na-thickened pụrụ iche nwekwara (4h / 10, 6h / 16).

Iji chọpụta nke anụ ụlọ mmanụ GOST nhazi ọkwa kwekọrọ na mba ọzọ analogues, kere a pụrụ iche table. Na enyemaka ha, ị nwere ike mfe bulie anyị griiz maka mba ọzọ ụgbọ ala, na Anglịkan. Dị ka ihe atụ, mmanụ 5W30 marking kwekọrọ anyị designation 4/12, 15W50 - 6z10, 20W40 - 8z / 16 wdg

Nhazi ọkwa nke mmanụ dị ka API

Ọzọkwa viscosity ọkwa lubricants, ịgụnye ngwaahịa dị ka ogo arụmọrụ na ngwa. Ha na-amụ na systematization aku na American Petroleum Institute (API). N'okpuru a usoro, niile moto mmanụ na-kewara abụọ dị iche iche:

• maka mmanụ ụgbọala engines;
• dizel

N'ígwè ngwaahịa maka mmanụ ụgbọala engines na-egosipụta site na akwụkwọ ozi S ma bu n'obi na-eji na esịtidem combustion engines nke ụgbọala, banyeghachi n'ụgbọala anyị na obere gwongworo.

Mmanụ maka dizel engines na-akara na akwụkwọ ozi C, nke na-elekwasị anya ngwa na ulo oru, azụmahịa na ugbo akpakanamde ngwa.

Ke adianade do, dị API nhazi ọkwa-agụnye akwụkwọ ozi ọzọ 'na-egosi àgwà larịị nke arụmọrụ. The ime ebe ọ bụ n'ime obodo site na mmalite nke mkpụrụ okwu, mma àgwà nke ngwaahịa. Ka ihe atụ, SJ marking na-egosi na nke a mmanụ bụ maka mmanụ ụgbọala esịtidem combustion engine na nkezi qualitative egosi.

Ma, ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ na-emepụta nke lubricants maka engines emepụta eluigwe na ala na ngwaahịa, na ojiji nke a bụ na o kwere omume na mmanụ ụgbọala na dizel engines. Akara mmanụ maka ma ụdị nke esịtidem combustion engines anọ mejupụtara akwụkwọ ozi 2 site nta. Ka ihe atụ, SD / CJ.

Nke a n'ụzọ dị ukwuu simplifies nhọrọ nke mmanu, ma ọ bụ uru na-aṅa ntị na akwụkwọ ozi mbụ nke na-akanye. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ S, mgbe ngwaahịa a, dị ka emeputa, bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na mmanụ ụgbọala engines ebe C, maka dizel.

Ya mere, iji ghọta na niile akara ugbu na labelụ nke engine mmanụ, na-agbalị ịgụ a ọkọlọtọ na-akanye. Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe e dere «BP Visco2000 SG / CC SAE 15W-40 Min. № 234567/96 22.04.2013 »na-ekwu na a eluigwe na ala ịnweta British Petroleum Company ngwaahịa a na-akpọ« Visco2000 », bu n'obi maka ojiji na niile iche nke esịtidem combustion engines (mmanụ ụgbọala na dizel) gburugburu na okpomọkụ agaghị ala karịa -25 ⁰ C, na-emepụta 22,04 .2013 afọ.

Ọzọ classifications nke engine mmanụ

Ke adianade SAE na API, e nwere ndị ọzọ classifications nke mmanụ. Ka ihe atụ, Association of European Automobile Manufacturers (ACEA) na-eme ka àgwà nke ha ọzọ tiri chọrọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ihe dị iche na esịtidem combustion engine imewe na ọrụ ọnọdụ nke ugbo ala. Firstly, European igwe nwere nta ibu na olu nke ike unit, na abuo, ha elu-ọsọ engines na ndị ọzọ dị ike.

ACEA nhazi ọkwa-agụnye 12 klas na-ahazi moto mmanụ n'ime 3 ige:

• A - maka mmanụ ụgbọala powertrains nke njem ụgbọala;
• B - maka dizel engines na njem ụgbọala;
• E - maka dizel engines nke gwongworo na ndị ọzọ arọ ígwè

International Committee maka Study na systematization lubricants (ILSAC), ọnụ na Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) mepụtara ha nhazi ọkwa, gụnyere ihe nile atọ mmanụ quality klas maka mmanụ ụgbọala engines (gf-1, gf-2, gf-3).

The ụwa si eduga ụgbọ ala na-emepụta nwere onwe ha nhazi ọkwa nke lubricants ma ọ bụ tinye n'ihu kpọmkwem chọrọ maka arụpụtara ngwaahịa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na engines nke dị iche iche ụgbọ ala nwere ịrịba iche dị na Ọdịdị. Carmakers onwe-eduzi nnyocha na ule nke engine mmanụ, na ihe nke na-emepụta ya nkọwapụta, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ nwere ikwu maka ojiji nke ẹdude ngwaahịa na ahịa.

Akara gia mmanụ

Gear lubricants eboro ugwo ukwuu obere ntị karịa engine, ọ bụ ezie na ha na-arụ nnoo otu ọrụ. The naanị ihe dị iche - bụ na-anọghị nke oké okpomọkụ mere site na esịtidem combustion engine. N'ihi ya, gia mmanụ nwere a ogologo ndụ. Nzube ha na-ebelata ka lubrication ma mbenata esemokwu ndị agha na gearboxes, akara usoro, nyefe usoro na mbanye axles.

Akara gia mmanụ bụghị dị ka zuru ezu ma dị mgbagwoju dị ka nke engine lubricants, ma na-achọ nghọta n'ihi na a ga-adabere na nkwụsi ike nke ndị a aggregates.

Total nhazi ọkwa SAE viscosity iche 9 etoju nke lubricants maka a ntuziaka nnyefe ụgbọ ala 5 Summer (80, 85, 90, 140, 250) na Winter 4 (70W, 75W, 80W, 85W). Na omume, ọ dị, ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala ide multigrade gia mmanụ maka ụgbọala. Identification nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwaahịa a na-ekewet nke a Nchikota abụọ nọmba na akwụkwọ ozi W n'etiti ha. Ka ihe atụ, SAE 70W-85, SAE 80W-90, wdg

Gear mmanụ, nakwa dị ka moto, na-nkewa site na API usoro. Ya nabatara ụkpụrụ kewaa mmanu n'ime iche iche, na-adabere n'ụdị nke imewe na ọrụ na ọnọdụ. Ke adianade do, e ka na-sonye na akaụntụ n'iru na nke ukwu nke mmanu na ngwaahịa pụrụ iche nwekwara gbochie eyi.

Dị ka API mmanụ maka nnyefe gosiri dị ka GL na nọmba site 1 5, nke-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi klas ahụ ihe. The ibu na klas, na ike ọnọdụ nke na mmanu ga-eji.

Ma ihe ndị akpaka nnyefe, ọ bụghị kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na ot nnyefe mmanụ maka ha. Ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ha ATF ụkpụrụ, nke nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme na SAE na API. N'ígwè na ngwaahịa ndị akpaka nnyefe ọbụna ese na-egbuke egbuke na agba, iji gbochie mberede ojiji na n'ibu owuwu.

A ole na ole Atụmatụ maka nhọrọ na ime ihe nke moto mmanụ

• tupu ị zụrụ a moto ma ọ bụ gia mmanụ kwesịrị tụlee aro nke ụgbọala emeputa;
• iji atụ n'ígwè ngwaahịa na-enwe a elu nke quality Njirimara na-bụghị mgbe niile ziri ezi, dị ka ọ pụrụ imetụta ndị kwụsiri ike nke lubrication usoro onwe ya;
• ọ dị mkpa ịrụ Mgbanwe mmanụ n'ime oge kpọmkwem na-atụ aro nke emeputa ụgbọala;
• na ugbo ala na elu agbara mmanụ ga-gbanwere ihe ugboro ugboro, dị ka eyi engine ya bụ isiokwu ọzọ tiri n'ọnọdụ ọrụ;
• mgbe na-agbanwe agbanwe mmanụ, ma ọ bụ na-achọsi ike ịgbanwe mmanụ nyo;
• anakwere mbuaha ịnweta ma sịntetik mmanụ, o nwere ike iduga guzobe nke unyi anaghị agbasa na ịkpali;
• mejupụta engine kwesịrị kpọmkwem otu mmanụ nke e mbụ jupụtara;
• ike mere oge flushing engine lubrication usoro site pụrụ iche oke mmiri;
• nwere ike ekwe mmanụ larịị n'okpuru kacha nta, ọ ga-apụghị izere ezere na-eduga ngwa wear nke esemokwu akụkụ;
• Labeling nke mmanụ maka engine na nnyefe kwesịrị ịnwe ụbọchị nke rụpụta nke ngwaahịa, na-elekwasị anya na, ị nwere ike ikpebi ya kwesịrị ekwesị (karịa adị ndụ nke lubricants bụ 5 afọ);
• store engine ma ọ bụ nnyefe mmanụ dị mkpa naanị na a kaa akara akpa, nke na-echebe ngwaahịa megide mmiri na ikuku.

Ịmara ihe ndị dị mfe iwu, ị pụrụ izere ọtụtụ nsogbu.