Mere usoro salvo ọku Russia

Ebe ọ bụ na ụbọchị nke ama ama Katyusha gbanwere a otutu. Agha si eme, na ngwá agha, na mba ókè ... Ma multiple rọketi launchers Russia a ụbọchị bụ oké mkpa n'ọgbọ agha. Na enyemaka ha, ị nwere ike itu na shells nke nnukwu ike ibibi maka ọtụtụ iri kilomita, na-ebibi ma gwụ e wusiri ike ebe, onye iro armored ugbo ala na manpower.

Mba anyị enyene a na-eduga ọnọdụ na ubi nke MLRS development: mgbe niile rụọ mmepe nke ochie na ndị ọhụrụ samples of ngwá agha. Taa, anyị na-ele anya na ihe na usoro nke salvo ọku Russia taa dị na Army ngwá.

"Grad"

MRL 122mm. E ibibi onye iro anya, ime ọnọdụ minefields, na-ebibi ndị e wusiri ike ọnọdụ nke onye iro. Nwere ike obibi ìhè na-ajụ armored ugbo ala. Mgbe na-eke igwe eji Chassis "Ural-4320", nke nwere nduzi maka 122mm caliber projectiles. Ụgbọ njem mgbọ na "Castle" nwere ike ịbụ na ihe ọ bụla igwe nwere a kwesịrị ekwesị size.

The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndu n'ihi na shells - 40 iberibe, mere ndokwa na ahịrị anọ nke iri iberibe ọ bụla. Fire nwere ike na-akpa àgwà ma otu gbaa na-adịru nwa oge volley, nke na-ewe ihe na-erughị otu nkeji (20 sekọnd). Oke nso - ruo 20,5 kilomita. Emetụta ebe anọ hectare. "Grad" nwere ike n'ụzọ gara nke ọma ejikwara na a dịgasị okpomọkụ nso: -50 ka +50 degrees Celsius.

ọku akara bụ omume si ma kokpiiti na n'èzí ya, na nke ikpeazụ ikpe, na ngụkọta oge na-eji mpụga Wired ime akara (nso - aka 50 mita). Ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-emepụta nyere a na-agbanwe agbanwe nzukọ nke shells si nduzi, na-alụ ọgụ igwe dịtụ obere maa jijiji n'oge égbè. Iji mee ka echichi n'ime firing ọnọdụ na-ewe ihe karịrị atọ ma ọ bụ anọ nkeji. The Chassis nwere ike fording omimi nke ruo otu na ọkara mita.

ọgụ ngwa

Ebe anyị na-eji ndị a na usoro nke salvo ọku Russia? Firstly, ha baptism ọkụ wee ebe azụ na Afghanistan. Olee otú icheta na-anwụghị n'okpuru ọkụ Mujahideen (na ndị bụ ndị dị nnọọ ole na ole): "Around buru eze hell, clods elu na mbara igwe. Anyị chere na ọ bụ na njedebe nke ụwa. " Echichi e n'ọtụtụ ebe n'oge abụọ Chechen mkpọsa, n'oge "agha atọ eights" na-ese Georgia udo.

Otú ọ dị, nke mbụ ahụmahụ nke na-eji ndị a, mgbe ahụ, ka nzuzo osisi natara ọma tupu ihe kọwara. Ọ mere n'oge ihe mere ná Sino-Soviet dịịrị banye na mmiri, ekemende ruo mgbe China. Mgbe nke abụọ ife nke Chinese agha nwere ike ka na-agbaji n'ime ya n'ókèala na inweta a foothold n'ebe ahụ, iji na-eji na "Grad" e nyere ya. Na mbụ na Soviet Union ke ofụri ofụri m chọrọ iji ngwá agha nuklia, ma e nwere nchegbu banyere mmeghachi omume nke mba uwa. Ihe ọ bụla ọ bụ, ma ọ bụ iji na PLA: iji salvo nke Ọtụtụ "Grad" nanị akọ nke a mpempe ụka ókèala.

Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị e gburu Chinese, na-agaghị esi mara. Soviet isi kweere na ókèala ndị dịịrị banye na mmiri gafere dịkarịa ala atọ na puku ndị mmadụ. Na nke ọ bụla, ndị lanarịrịnụ bụ bụghị n'aka.

Ugbu ọnọdụ

Taa, ọ na-atụle na "Grad" bụ omume na nyochawa ihe mgbe ochie. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a igwe, nke ugbu a na ọrụ anyị agha fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam na-eyi si. Ke adianade do, ugbu a, e bụ a re-saturation nke ndị agha ahụ na ha MLRS "tonado". Ma, n'ihi na "Oldies" ka anya na-okokụre. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na Ministry of Defense ka chọrọ ịhapụ ndị agha na-ọma pụtara, ọnụ ala ma na oru oma ụgbọ ala.

Na nke a, a pụrụ iche oru ngo nke modernization na-eweta oge a uche na arụmọrụ. Karịsịa, ochie nlereanya e mesịrị guzosie ike nkịtị satellite igodo usoro, nakwa dị ka "Baguette" kọmputa, nke akara usoro nke launching projectiles. The-emesi obi ike nke agha, a dịtụ ingenuous update usoro gara "Grad" uru, dị ka ha agha ikike ka toro ka ọtụtụ ugboro.

Nke a na Usoro a na-eji site na niile ọzọ ndị agha na Ukrainian ókèala. Agha Afrịka na-natara multiple rọketi obubata usoro si Soviet Union, na-a n'anya ngwá agha. Na nkenke, ala nkesa unit nwere nnukwu. Nke a bụ ihe e ji mara usoro volley ọku "Grad". "Smerch" bụ na anyị ga-akọwa n'okpuru, na-ọtụtụ ugboro ọzọ dị ike na nwere a egwu ebibi ihe.

"Smerch"

N'ezie na-emenye ụjọ ngwá agha. Site tụnyere, na "Grad" bụ n'ezie yiri na arụmọrụ na otu eke onu. Onyeikpe: America kwere na "Twister" - echichi nke volley ọkụ, bụ nke ga-Njirimara a ọzọ kọmpat mgbagwoju bịara na ngwá agha nuklia.

Na ha na-nnọọ ziri ezi. Isetịpụ a nanị otu salvo "na-ekpuchi" ihe ezi uche 629 hectare na firing nso nke aka 70 kilomita. Ma nke ahụ bụ bụghị ihe niile. Taa, mmepe nke ọhụrụ iche nke agba na ga-ofufe bụ ugbua a narị kilomita. Na square, nke kpuchie usoro salvo ọku Russia, ọkụ na ihe niile, tinyere arọ agha. Ka gara aga MRL "Twister" nwere ike ji mee ihe na widest nso nke okpomọkụ.

Mere maka nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ nhazi nke onye iro ọnọdụ tupu iwe, na-ebibi ike karịsịa bunkers na pillboxes, na-ebibi nnukwu kasịnụ nke onye iro agha na onye iro ugbo ala.

Chassis ndu ẹkedori projectiles

The Chassis na-kere dabeere na ihe niile na-teren ugbo MAZ-543. N'ụzọ dị iche na "Castle", nke a ọnọdụ bụ nnọọ ihe ize ndụ na-iro site eziokwu na mejupụtara nke batrị agụnye ọku akara usoro "Vivarium", nke na-enye ohere iji nweta ihe kasị elu arụmọrụ, nke bụ ihe na-ahụkarị nke gbọmgbọm ogbunigwe na usoro.

Ndị a reactive multiple rọketi launchers nwere 12 tubular rails maka shells. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha ji 80 kilogram, na 280 nke ha na-na-elekọta nke a dị ike na-agbawa agbawa. mgwo agha ọkachamara kweere na a ruru bụ ezigbo maka unguided akụ ụta, dị ka ọ na-enye ohere na ikpokọta na a munition ike boosters na nnukwu ebibi nwere.

Na otu ihe ikpehe "Smerch" projectiles. Designers ogologo rụrụ ọrụ na ya, ma hụ na a n'akuku nke omume n'ala bụ 90 degrees. Ndị dị otú ahụ a "meteorite" dị mfe ikwa site niile MBT probabilistic iro, na ihe owuwu bụ eleghi anya ka dị otú ahụ gbuo ike. Ugbu a, na mmepụta nke ọhụrụ "Smerch" na-adịghị zubere (yikarịrị), ebe ọ bụ na akara nke oru ha ga-anọchi na ọhụrụ "tonado".

Otú ọ dị, e nwere ụfọdụ puru na ochie usoro ka ga na-doro modernization. Ọ bụ n'aka na ha mgbọ bụ omume na-agụnye ọhụrụ ụdị akụ ụta na-arụsi ọrụ ike nduzi, nke mere na ọgụ ike nke usoro na taa ka bụ nnọọ a na-okụre.

Olee ihe ọzọ anyị nwere rọketi launchers, roket launchers?

"Ajọ Ifufe"

Kuchiri ke 70s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Ọgụ irè enyene onye n'etiti ọnọdụ n'etiti "Castle" na "Twister." N'ihi ya, karịa nso 35 kilomita. Ke ofụri ofụri, "Hurricane" - multiple rọketi launchers, imewe nke ọtụtụ n'ime ụkpụrụ nke a tọrọ, nke ka na-eduzi ndị na-mmepe nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá agha na mba anyị. Ọ kere ya ma ama mmebe Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich.

Site n'ụzọ na-ekwu okwu, na "Hurricane" - echichi nke volley ọku, nke bụ otu ugboro na Soviet Union na bukwanu quantities nye Yemen, nke ugbu a na-amalite kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ọgụ arụmọrụ. N'ezie, anyị ga-achọpụta otú ihe n'ụzọ dị irè owụt ochie Soviet Usoro ke agha. Russian agha na "Grad" mee ihe dị ka "Hurricane" n'oge agha na Afghanistan.

Ọzọkwa, echichi e n'ọtụtụ ebe na Bosnia, Chechnya, na mgbe e mesịrị - na na Georgia. E nwere ihe àmà gosiri na-eji "Hurricane" ozugbo e bibiri site ịka kọlụm nke Georgian tankị (dị ka isi mmalite ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ "Grad").

The mgbagwoju

Na Chassis teren Zil 135LM-n'ịnyịnya igwe 16, tubular nduzi (mbụ zubere na ha ga-20). Ukrainians na oge ha na-na ha kwalite igwe site ịtụkwasị ha na ha Chassis KrAZ Kremenchug. The mejupụtara nke ndi oru ugbo nkewa nke osisi mejupụtara ndị na-esonụ components:

• Kpọmkwem igwe 9P140.

• Ụgbọ njem na itinye 9T452 shells.

• Nịm nke mgbọ.

• ọku akara igwe dabeere echichi 1V126 "skit-B."

• Ego maka agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ nke ngụkọta oge.

• 1T12-2M ojii topographic nnyocha e mere.

• DF mgbagwoju Meteorology na 1B44.

• A zuru ezu set nke na ngwá na ngwaọrụ 9F381 e mere maka idozi na mmezi nke igwe site na mgbagwoju.

Olee ihe ọzọ na-ji multiple rọketi launchers Russia "Hurricane"? Ogbunigwe òkè a kpụrụ na adiana isi equilibration usoro, na a na-onwem na haịdrọlik na electromechanical actuators. Oke ngwugwu nduzi a pụrụ ime ke nso site 5 na 55 degrees.

The kwụ leveling nwere ike rụrụ na n'akuku nke 30 degrees aka nri na aka ekpe nke Central axis nke ọgụ ụgbọala. Ya mere na mgbe a oke salvo bilie ize ndụ zavalivanija arọ Chassis, azụ akụkụ nke abụọ dị ike lugs nyere. The mgbagwoju na-onwem na abalị ọhụụ ngwaọrụ ya mere nwere ike ejikwara na ọchịchịrị.

Ugbu a, ndị Russian agha ka nọgidere na banyere otu narị nke igwe ndị a. Ikekwe, iji kwalite ha na isiokwu ga-dere dị ka n'oge na-adịghị dị ka ị na-agba ọsọ agha akụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ndị ọhụrụ MRL e etinye n'ime ọrụ, nke na-agụnye niile uru nke ochie ụdị.

"Tonado"

Nke a bụ - a usoro ihe ọhụrụ nke salvo ọku Russia. Emepe emepe ọ malitere n'ihi na eziokwu na ndị agadi "Castle", nke anọwo na ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ, mkpa ngwa ngwa a ndochi. N'ihi nke ufiop development ọrụ na e nwere ụgbọ ala.

N'adịghị ka ha ụzọ, multiple rọketi launchers Russia "tonado" dị nnọọ elu karịa na mpaghara nke nduzi na nkenke égbè, dị ka ha nwere ike iji topographic data-ebute site ná si Satellites. Ma, ọ bụghị nanị na nke a pụrụ iche e guzobere ọhụrụ MRL.

Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na tupu Soviet ụlọ ọrụ nke ọ bụla ọrụ ike a dị iche iche echichi: n'ezie, dị nnọọ na e nwere a Meteorological "zoo" n'ụdị nke "Grad", "tonado" na "Ajọ Ifufe." Ma oge a na usoro nke Russian multiple rọketi launchers ( "tonado") ga-ẹkesiode ke atọ nsụgharị, na iji shells nke niile atọ ígwè ọrụ a kọwara n'elu. Ọ na-na-eche na ndị na-emepụta ike ngwa ngwa na-eji dochie ogbunigwe unit, nke mere na a otu Chassis ike ga-eji dị iche iche na akọ.

ọhụrụ shells

Ke adianade do, ihe niile gara aga na usoro bụ otu isi oghom jikọtara uncontrollability of mgbọ. Nanị tinye, ụzọ ziri ezi nke na-ama agbala agba enweghi ike. All a bụ nnọọ adabara n'agha nke gara aga ọtụtụ afọ, ma na nke ugbu a na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ugbua adịghị anakwere. Iji dozie nsogbu a, n'ihi na "tonado" kere ọhụrụ ụdị projectiles na-arụsi ọrụ ike ngwa anya na laser eduzi. Ugbu a gaa n'ihu MLRS ghọọ a kpam kpam ọhụrụ, nnọọ ize ndụ agha.

N'ihi ya, oge a na Russian rọketi usoro volley ọkụ nwere ike ugbu a ga-eji tụnyere irè nke kasị zuru okè ụdị nke ot ogbunigwe, ọkụkụ mgbaru ọsọ maka ọtụtụ iri kilomita. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ elu na nke a "tonado" firing nso y "tonado" bụ ugbua ruo 100 km (mgbe eji kwekọrọ ekwekọ shells).

Ihe ọhụrụ na ndị agadi

Dị ka anyị dere ná mmalite nke isiokwu a, na ugbu a, na-arụ ọrụ na mma nke ochie "Grad", nke bụ ka a ọtụtụ hapụrụ ọrụ. Mgbe ahụ ndị na-emepụta gara echiche: "Gịnị ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji a dị mfe, tech gia si" Castle "mwube ka a ọhụrụ ọgụ unit nke" tonado "kwesịrị ekwesị caliber"? Echiche e ngwa ngwa emejuputa atumatu.

N'ihi ya mụrụ ọhụrụ igwe mere "tonado-G". ọ e eze nabatara n'ime ọrụ na 2013, ma mgbe ahụ malitere na-enye ndị agha ya. On "tank biathlon - 2014" ọhụrụ MRL na ngosi maka onye ọ bụla.

N'adịghị ka ndị abụọ iso nke a Usoro, imewe nke akara usoro agbanyere "skit-BM", nke bụ ọtụtụ ugboro enwekwu ọgụ ike nke mgbagwoju. Ke adianade do, a budata mfe usoro nke aiming na firing Battle: Ma ndi oru ugbo dịghị mkpa ka aga ná mpụga, dị ka niile dị mkpa topographic data na-egosipụta na ozugbo na Monitors arụnyere n'ime ụlọ. Site n'ebe ahụ i nwere ike họrọ a na-aga ma na-amalite na-emepụta shells.

Dị otú ahụ modernization abụghị nanị ime nke ugbua ochie center, kamakwa ukwuu nwetara na ndi oru ugbo. Ugbu a igwe nwere ike ngwa ngwa na-emepụta a volley si mechiri emechi ọnọdụ na-ahapụ ya na a na-eri nke ọ bụla karịrị ọ bụla ọkara nkeji. Nke a n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke nchọpụta na mbibi nke mgbagwoju iro mmegwara. Ke adianade do, site na ojiji nke ọhụrụ shells na kemwepu warhead ọ bụ omume ugbu a budata mụbaa nso nke na o kwere omume ọgụ nkeji.

Nke ahụ bụ ihe nwere ka ụbọchị multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro ke Russia. Photos na-n'ihu ha isiokwu, nke mere na ị nwere ike ime ka onwe gị ndika echiche nke ha ike.