Millet - na ... Crops

Ọdịnala nri millet porridge na-esite na-miri gara aga. Millet - bụ oge ochie cereal, nwetara n'ime Russia site na China ma ọ bụ Mongolia. Egbu maramara ọka osisi wheat.

The isi nhazi ebe

Ugbu a, e nwere ruo 500 ụdị millet. Cropping ebe omenala ji site bi kpọrọ nkụ na ọkara efekarị na ihu igwe. Si Asia (China, Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) na akaụntụ maka n'elu 55% nke ụwa millet mmepụta. On African mba (Nigeria, Ethiopia, Mali, Tanzania, Uganda, Senegal) - elu 25%. The bụbu Soviet Union na-tumadi millet toro na steppe n'ógbè Ukraine na Kazakhstan ka nri mkpụrụ akụkụ, na na Republic of Belarus - ka a nri.

Millet na Russia

Na ókèala nke Russian Federation na e nwere 8 iche iche nke osisi, na-emezu naanị 2 nke ha: nkịtị millet - Panicum muliaceum L. (ọka) na capitate - Setaria italica L (green uka maka nri anụmanụ).

Dabere na ịdọ aka ná ntị inflorescences nkịtị millet nwere 5 subspecies: oval na Komov (cultured ka a thermophilic na oké ọkọchị), na-agbasa alaka (obere thermophilic, nwere ike na-eto eto ọbụna Nechernozemie) na abịakọrọ (wilted).

Setar (Italian, Borovoye millet) na-emezu na Far East. Ọ nwere 2 subspecies - millet na egwu.

Isi ihe ubi nke millet nkịtị lekwasị ke Western Siberia, Bashkiria, na Central Black Earth, nri ala nke North Caucasus. Area ẹsuande n'oge maturing iche millet, na-mgbe niile na-aba ụba Non-Black Earth na Eastern Siberia.

ndu atụmatụ

Millet - bụ kwa afọ, onwe-pollinating, photophilous osisi. Ahịhịa dị mkpụmkpụ - abụọ ọnwa anọ. Mgbe akuku na obosara enye asaa oghere ị ga, na-emekarị tillering - 2-3 stalk.

Isi ihe ubi (rye, wheat, na ọka barley, oat) nwere mkpafa epupụta na azuokokoosisi karịa millet. Inflorescence - panicle nke dị iche iche ụdị si na-agbasa na akpụ.

The mgbọrọgwụ ike banye n'ime ọkara mita omimi, ma isi oriri uka dị na a oyi akwa nke ruo 40 sentimita.

Uto mgbe Germination-adịghị ewe (2-3 izu), maka na nke a mere, osisi na-eguzogide ọjọọ na-eto eto ata. Millet - a osisi, na-achọ na na ngwaahịa elu mmiri na elu ala oyi akwa: ka mmiri, ndị na-emepe emepe nodal mgbọrọgwụ ngwa ngwa. N'ọnọdụ ọjọọ nwere ike ime arahụ nke a otiti na breakage mgbọrọgwụ. Siri na-adabere na mmiri tillering ngwaahịa potassium nnweta, na-eme na-agha mkpụrụ oge (May 15), ndị dị mkpa ka mkpụrụ omimi (5 cm) kacha nta ata.

ugbo engineering

Millet bụ ezi belay na osisi mgbe ndị ọzọ ubi (ma na oyi na mmiri) na-asiaha ma ọ bụ nwụọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mbubreyo akuku oge - si ufọt ufọt May ka June. Mkpụrụ amalite asiaha ọnụ naanị na pụtara elu okpomọkụ - 14 degrees, ọ na-atụle ihe kasị mma okpomọkụ nke 18 degrees.

Millet - na-na-achọ na ala Ọdịdị nke ahụ osisi: kasị elu zaa hụrụ na bughi chernozem na chestnut Ona (ruo 50 ton kwa hectare). Akọ na ala na-anọpụ iche na ubé alkaline mmeghachi omume mgbe mmiri bụ zuru ezu headroom nwere ike stably nye elu zaa.

N'ihi na eziokwu na weediness edu Lower zaa, ọ dị mkpa iji nlezianya akwadebe ala maka akuku: snegouderzhanie, n'oge ahụ emeela (ama mgbe mbụ ata asiaha) ruo atọ consecutive cultivations na elu irighiri.

N'ihi na-agbanwe agbanwe zaa spring achọ Fertilizing - calcium, site, nitrogen. Nke a na-adịghị mkpa, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị precursors nke millet poteto ma ọ bụ beets: ala ọmụmụ anọgide elu. Good-ewe ihe ubi nke millet zaa, mgbe oyi kụrụ akụ. Na monoculture-anwụ n'ihi na nke meriri fungal ọrịa.

Isi pests nke osisi - thrips, midges achịcha, cicadas, esiwe na borer.

Zaa nke millet bụ ogbenye na Russia: si 8 ruo 12 ton kwa hectare, mgbe ke Soviet oge Kazakhstan ama nile na obodo natara Chaganak Bercy owuwe ihe ubi ọ fọrọ nke nta 156 kilogram kwa hectare na 1941, na na 1943 - 201.

Food uru

The arọ nke millet na-eri nri gafere ule nke oge: millet na Russia bụ nke abụọ naanị ndị Grik.

Iji barley ọka esichara. Millet vacated naanị na ike ike shei ifuru-akpọ Dranets. Mgbe egwe millet nwetara. Mwute - byproduct n'oge egweri. Na fashionable flakes - n'ihi kwes na n'ibu ọgwụgwọ nke wheat.

Rating millet ruru ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ (ruo 13% protein, banyere 81% starch, 3.8% abụba), ezi flavor (Chọpụta ọcha ma ịnweta salts) ọgwụ Njirimara (vitamin B otu ọdịnaya karịrị nke ndị ọzọ mkpụrụ), ma na-ebelata razvarivaemosti elu digestibility.

Mmetụta ọka ọka na àgwà agba

Site millet ọka na agba osisi ike na-ekewa atọ ụdị: mbụ ụdị - acha ọcha na ude agba, nke abụọ - red millet (niile shades a nso ka ọchịchịrị aja aja), nke atọ - na-acha odo odo na agba. Iche akọ millet RF Orlowski na Dwarf Vsepodolyanskoe-59 kenyere mbụ ụdị; Standard Gorlinka, Barnaul-80 Orenburgskoe-9-6 Saratov, Saratov-3, Omsk-10 Lipetskoe - abụọ na Kinelskoye-92 Belgorodskoye-1, 8-Kharkov na Kharkov-57 - na atọ.

Agba ọka na-adabere na ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ na-anọghị nke anthocyanins (colorants). The isi (millet) nwere a na-egbuke egbuke na agba (oké odo) acha, nyere ọzụzụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ọka karị n'elu dị ka n'ji àgwà na price.

nri uru

Millet - bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ihe oriri na anụmanụ husbandry na okuko ugbo.

Unpolished ọka nke millet eji dị oriri maka nnụnụ: hens ụba egg mmepụta, na-amụba ume nke shei na ọkụkọ millet porridge na ọka - mkpa ike. Millet ntụ ọka na ngwakọta na nri nwekwara mara abụba ezì na geese. Wastes si mmepụta nke wheat eji maka nkwadebe nke anụmanụ na ndepụta, na dị ka itinye nri anụmanụ.

Millet ahịhịa bụ ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru dị ka a roughage karịa irighiri ahịhịa nke ndị ọzọ ọka, dị ka mgbe owuwe ihe ubi na-anọgide na green na na otutu epupụta.

Fresh millet (ndụ ndụ) - ezigbo ihe oriri maka ehi na atụrụ, ya mere, ọ na-ezi mgbe ẹsuande ịta ahịhịa.

Ọ bụla anụ ọhịa nnụnụ nkpuru mere na ndabere nke millet. Nso nso a, e nwere a omume nke na-ese millet na elu na mmachi quantities (containers, mpịakọta ute) ma ji achọ nakwa dị ka okuko.

Formation ahịa maka millet na Russia

Ruru akwa isi obodo nchekwa jikọtara ma ndu e ji mara (nnọọ mma ọka, na-achọ ventilashion ma ọ bụ jụrụ), na na nduzi na ihu igwe, mgbe mgbe, na-awa maka ire nri millet. The price of nye ọka na-adabere na àgwà: na nso ka chọrọ nke ọkọlọtọ, n'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'elu. Ẹdude ọkọnọ chọrọ maka nhazi nke ọka siri ike zuru ezu na ọ bụghị ihe niile na-akọ ugbo ụlọ ọrụ (ọbụna ibu) nwere ike inye ha. Export nke millet na anụ ụlọ na-akọ ugbo na-emepụta na o siri ike na-abịa. Isi bubata si Turkey na Mongolia - mba amị elu-edu millet.