Mosfet - ihe ọ bụ? Structural na nkà na ụzụ atụmatụ

Ke ibuotikọ emi ị ga-amụta banyere nke a mmewere dị ka mosfet. Nke ahụ bụ, ihe Njirimara, nke na-eji oge a na ngwá electronic, a ga-atụle n'okpuru. Ị nwere ike ịchọta abụọ na ụdị ike transistors - MOSFET na IGBT. Ha na-eji pulsed elu ike converters - inverters, ike onunu. Ọ kwesịrị ịtụle ihe nile nke atụmatụ ndị a, ndị.

isi ozi

Ọ ga-kwuru na IGBT na mosfet transistors ike inye a nnọọ elu ike ibu. Na niile nke a na ngwaọrụ na-egosi na-adị nnọọ obere. Arụmọrụ karịa transistors nwere ụkpụrụ nke 95%. Na mosfet na IGBT nwere otu ihe jikọrọ - ha nwere shutters dịpụrụ adịpụ, n'ihi - metụtara akara kwa. Na-adịghị mma okpomọkụ ọnụọgụ nke ndị a ngwaọrụ na-enye ohere ndị dị otú ahụ transistors na-eguzogide ọgwụ obere sekit na sekit. Iji na-akpa mosfety na normalized bufee oge bara uru-emepụta site fọrọ nke nta niile na ụlọ ọrụ.

Ọkwọ ụgbọala maka management

Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị ugbu a na akara circuit, na a static mode, i nwere ike iji ọkọlọtọ atụmatụ. Ọ na-eme ihe uche iji a pụrụ iche ọkwọ ụgbọala - ihe ike circuit. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ Nlụpụta ngwaọrụ na-ekwe ka ị jikwaa otu ike transistors, nakwa dị ka àkwà mmiri na ọkara mile (atọ-adọ na abụọ-adọ). Ha nwere ike igosi a dịgasị iche iche nke support ọrụ - iji chebe megide overcurrent ma ọ bụ obere-circuit, nakwa dị ka a nnukwu voltaji dobe na mosfet ọkwọ circuit. Olee ụdị circuit ga-atụle ihe zuru ezu n'okpuru. Ọ ga-kwuru na voltaji dobe gafee ike transistor akara circuit - nke a bụ a dị nnọọ ize ndụ onu. Ike mosfety nwere ike ịgbanwe ka ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ mode (linear), nke mere na a ga-ada. Crystal transistor overheats na anyụ anyụ.

kpatara mode

Home inyeaka ọrụ ọkwọ ụgbọala - na ọ bụ overcurrent nchebe. Ọ dị mkpa lee anya na ike transistor na-arụ ọrụ na otu nke ụdịdị - mkpụmkpụ-circuit. Overcurrent nwere ike ime n'ihi ihe ọ bụla, kama ndị kasị - circuit nke ibu ma ọ bụ na ahu. Ya mere, i kwesịrị mejuputa management mosfetami.

Overloading emee ya ruru ka akụkụ ụfọdụ nke circuit. Ekwe Omume omume nke na-akwụsị akwụsị ma ọ bụ reverse mgbake ugbu a nke a okporo ọkụ diode transistor n'ubu. Mwepụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ bufee emee circuit imewe usoro. Eji yinye akpụ ụzọ (snubbers), rụrụ na resistor nhọrọ ámá akara circuit a dịpụrụ adịpụ site elu voltaji na ugbu a taya.

Dị ka transistor amama on mgbe a kpatara pụtara na ibu

Mgbe a kpatara pụtara na ibu, na nke ugbu a na mkpoko circuit na-ejedebeghị a voltaji n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá, na transconductance ji mara transistor. The ọkọnọ circuit si otú ahụ nwere otu onye na-ike, ka esịtidem eguzogide nke isi iyi na ya agaghị akpa ya mmetụta na-adịghị circuit ugbu a. Ozugbo mgba ọkụ emee, na transistor ugbu a ike nwayọọ nwayọọ amalite ime n'ihi na e nwere parasitic inductance na mkpoko circuit. Nke a bụ eziokwu bụ na ihe mere na e nwere a voltaji mikpuo.

ụgha positives

Mgbe mgbanwe na-okokụre, na ike transistor a n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ọrụ voltaji. Nke a ga-eduga ná eziokwu na ọtụtụ ndị ike ga-agamevu na okporo ọkụ crystal. Ọ nwere ike kwubiri na mkpụmkpụ-circuit mode bụ n'aka na-etre mgbe a ụfọdụ oge. Ọ ga-ezu iji kpochapụ ụgha Mkpu. A, na oge na nso 1 ... 10 microseconds. transistor e ji mara ga-ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka iji nagide bufee mfe.

Ibu Ibu Egbubikwala mgbe transistor

N'otu aka ahụ ka ikpe tụlere n'elu, ugbu a na-ejedebeghị àgwà nke transistor. Ọ na-eto na a ọnụego nke kpebisiri ike site inductance (parasitic). Tupu a ugbu a esịmde a mgbe nile na-otu ebe-ala bara uru, na mkpoko voltaji ga-amụba. The ámá voltaji na-ụba n'ihi na Miller mmetụta.

The ugbu a na mkpoko na-abawanye, na ọ nwere ike dị ukwuu gafere na otu ebe-ala bara uru. Ọ bụ n'ihi na nke a mode na-nyere bụghị nanị na ọwa mosfet na-gbanyụrụ, ma bụ ekwe omume nke voltaji ịgba.

The voltaji etinyere n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke transistor adabere na obere sekit ugbu a. Ma na a ọnụ ke ámá voltaji nke okporo ọkụ mmewere bụ pụtara na-akpali foto. The saturation voltaji na-ụba na dị ka a na ya pụta, conduction weere na-ụba. Kwụsie ike nke na-adịghị circuit transistor njikọ chiri anya na steepness nke e ji mara ya.

RS na nke ugbu a amplification akpata

The elu Ku na mosfetov ugbu a, na ala na saturation voltaji. Ha na-enwe ike idi obere oge bufee. N'aka nke ọzọ, Semiconductors, nke bụ ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-adịghị na sekit na sekit nwere nnukwu saturation voltaji. Weere nwere dịkwa nnọọ ịrịba ama.

The ibu karịa uru nke obere sekit ugbu a nwere ọsụ ụzọ mosfet karịa mfe bipolar transistor. A, ọ bụ ugboro iri nke elu ọnụ ugbu a uru (bụrụhaala na ámá voltaji bụ allowable). Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-emepụta (European na Asian) arụpụta transistors nwere ike idi dị otú ahụ ibu, ma na-adịghị mebiri emebi.

chebe ọkwọ ụgbọala si elu na-n'akụkụ bufee

E nwere ụzọ dị iche iche maka bufee njem ọcha. Site n'enyemaka nke ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala si dị iche iche Nsukka nwere ike ime eme ọ bụla echebe ọrụ, ndị kasị oru oma ụzọ. Ọ bụrụ na bufee dị mkpa iji belata n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá voltaji. Na nke a, mmara mberede ọrụ oge na-abawanye.

Nke a na-iwepụ ụgha akpali nchedo sekit na sekit. Nke a bụ otú elele mosfet: na-agbalị ịgbanwe capacitance nke capacitor. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbanwe omume oge ka a obere sekit, dum circuit na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. The circuit eji ọtụtụ ihe na nwere ọrụ ụfọdụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, tinyere ka a ọkwọ ụgbọala, "ghara ịbanye"-enye gị ohere ikpebi oge-capacitor bufee analysis.

Emergency ọrụ

Nke a nkeji oge na-mere mgbe nile ugbu a ịmafe circuit na mkpoko circuit. Nke a na-enye a voltaji dobe na n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke okporo ọkụ mmewere. Na ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na e nweghị cessation nke bufee, na transistor na-gbanyụrụ mgbe 10 MS. Protection na-nkwarụ mgbe a ga-ewepụ si input mgbaàmà. Na nke a mere akpalite na nchedo circuit.

Mgbe ọ na-etinyere, ọ dị mkpa na ntị ka ha ogologo oge site na nke ndị reclosing mosfet transistor. Olee ụdị ịmafe na na ihe bụ atụmatụ? Rịba ama na a ga-adị ukwuu karịa nke thermal oge mgbe nile (oge) nke okporo ọkụ mgbawa na nke a transistor na-arụpụtara.

Ọghọm nke circuit

Sekit resistors na-eji nwere a elu ikike, ma ha nwere a dị nnọọ elu inductance (parasitic, n'ihi na ojiji nke ụfọdụ ihe na teknụzụ). Na maka zuru okè ịrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ dị mkpa na akpa kemgbe nso efu. Resistors eji maka atụ usu ugbu a ga-ezute n'elu ọnọdụ. On top nke resistors na-adịkwa nnukwu ike. Na ọ na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke dum elu-n'akụkụ ọkwọ circuit.

Ma, e nwere ịmafe na sekit na sekit, nke belata ike ọnwụ. saturation voltaji ọ bụla ikpe na-adabere na nke ugbu a mkpoko. Mosfet (ya bụ, gụọ isiokwu) na-egosi mmekọrịta a, ọ nwere ike kwuru linear n'ihi na eziokwu na si transistor igbapu ugbu a adịghị adabere na ọwa na-eguzogide (ifịk). Ma dị ike IGBT transistors mmekọrịta a abụghị linear, ma ị nwere ike mfe họrọ voltaji na kwekọrọ na chọrọ ugbu a nchebe.

Atọ-adọ mmiri ọkwọ

N'ọnọdụ dị otú atụmatụ dị ka etinyere a resistor ji atụ ugbu a uru. nchedo ugbu a kpebisiri ike site n'aka a voltaji divider. Ebe nile na-ewu ewu natara ọkwọ IR2130, nke na-enye a mụ circuit ọrụ na voltages ruo 600 volts. The circuit agụnye a ubi mmetụta ụdị transistor onye igbapu na meghere (ọ na-eje ozi na-egosi na ọnụnọ nke mmejọ). Mosfet n'ịnyịnya na osisi site isiike jumpers na qualitative iche maka ihe ndị a. Ọ na-agụnye ihe ampilifaya nke site na a ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na nzaghachi n'ókè. Na onye na-akwọ na-kpụrụ a na-egbu oge oge n'etiti ịmafe transistors nke ala na elu ubu iji gbochie omume nke a site ugbu a.

N'ozuzu, dabere na mgbanwe oge nke 0,2 MS ... 2. The IR2130 ọkwọ ụgbọala na-eji iji mejuputa nchedo atụmatụ, na e nweghị ọrụ amachi kacha uru nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá voltaji na oge nke obere sekit. Na mmepe na-adọ ogwe aka na sekit na sekit ga-echeta na shutdown nke mmiri na-adị mgbe 1 MS mgbe mmalite nke a obere sekit. N'ihi ya, na nke ugbu a (karịsịa na ọnụnọ nke na-arụsi ọrụ ibu) ukwuu uru nke a gbakọtara. Iji tọgharịa nchedo mode ma laghachi na-arụ ọrụ, ọ ga na-emepụta ike anya na-akwọ ma ọ bụ ịgba akwụkwọ nke ya ntinye igbochi voltaji.

Low-n'akụkụ ọkwọ ụgbọala

Iji mepụta akara mosfet transistors nke ala ogwe aka, e nwere elu-edu mgbawa sịrị na Motorola, n'ihi na ihe atụ, MS33153. Nke a ọkwọ ụgbọala bụ pụrụ iche, dị ka ọ nwere ike ịga nke ọma na-eji maka abụọ na ụdị nchedo (voltaji na ugbu a). E nwekwara a mma na-ekewa abụọ ụdịdị - bufee na obere circuit. Ọ bụ omume na-enye a voltaji (ọjọọ akara). Nke a bụ bara uru n'ihi na otu ebe ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka akara modul na elu ikike na-zuru ezu di ụgwọ. IGBT nchedo mode bụ nkwarụ (na nke a bụ ezigbo analogues mosfetov) mgbe ike ọkọnọ voltaji dara n'okpuru 11 volts.