Nizhniy Novgorod. Kremlin - a ebe siri ike na obodo center (foto)

N'oge a ọ na-chere na e nwere 41 akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo Russia. Otu n'ime ha a pụrụ iche bụ ebe Nizhny Novgorod. Kremlin nke obodo bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mma na ebube nlegharị anya ma chebe n'etiti obodo adọta ọtụtụ puku ndị njem na, gụnyere ndị si ná mba ọzọ.

History of ntọala na-ewu ụlọ

Kemgbe oge ochie, nke dị n'ókèala oge ochie Russia e wuru wusiri ike na-echebe obodo si onye iro agha. Sịkwa ihe Scandinavians akpọ Gardarika mba anyị. Otu n'ime ndị a wusiri ike, wuru na narị afọ nke 14, ghọrọ Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, nke mbụ e wuru nke ụwa na osisi.

N'okpuru Ivan atọ, na 1500, na-ewusi-agbachitere ikike nke obodo ahụ tọrọ mbụ nkume elu, a maara dị ka Tver. N'ihi na wakporo Horde mezue ndị na-ewu bụ naanị na 1505, nakwa dị ka 8 afọ mgbe e mesịrị ọkụ oak Kremlin na Nizhny Novgorod kpọrọ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Pietro Francesco. Ọ bụ nke a Italian na kere ike wusiri ike, nke taa itu n'anya ọbịa.

New Kremlin e wuru nke tufa, mepụtara downstream nke Volga, na bolshemernogo red brick, nke na-emepụta na ntụpọ.

Description ebe e wusiri ike

Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) nwere a 2 kilometa mgbidi na 13 elu. N'ime ndị a, 5 ndị akụkụ anọ carriageways na 8 - gburugburu, ntị chiri. Ọzọkwa, tupu Dmitrov ụlọ elu ahụ a obere nkume akwa na-agbapụta n'ahụ ụlọ elu.

Ebe e wusiri ike gbara ya gburugburu a ekpe mmiri juru anhydrous obosara na a omimi nke 25-30 m -. 2.5-4 m ọkachamara na-atụ aro na na ekpe mmiri juru ebe Dmitrovskaya ụlọ elu nwere ụfọdụ ebe na e jupụta ala.

Ngwá agha na agha

An ogbunigwe ebe siri ike na narị afọ nke 16, n'oge ọ bụla na-amaghị. Otú ọ dị, data ẹnịm ke ufọt ufọt narị afọ nke 17 na njikere agha bụ naanị 20 egbe, n'ihi na mgbe na-ewere Ivanom Groznym na 1552 Kazan agha na-agbachitere ibuana nke Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin jụrụ budata. Ha bụ ndị na-akasị obere caliber squeaked attire. E nwekwara matarasị - obere egbe firing nta. Ke adianade do, na ojiji nke ndị ọzọ-eji égbè agbagbu - nri-gakovnitsy.

Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod): History

Kemgbe narị afọ nke 16 ebe e wusiri ike ugboro ugboro doro nnọchibido, ma onye iro mgbe jisiri ịkpọlite ya ya ọkọlọtọ.

Na narị afọ nke 17 na Kremlin aghọwo a ebe, ebe a nzukọ, na-eduga na nzukọ nke abụọ Ndị mmadụ agha, nke zọpụta Russia, na dechara oj oo.

Na narị afọ nke 18 na ọ na-eji dị ka ebe obibi ndị gọvanọ. Mgbe Catherine ka dilapidated Kremlin weghachiri eweghachi. Otú ọ dị, ngwaahịa na-arụ ọrụ naanị njọ ọnọdụ nke ihe owuwu. Ọbụna ihe jọgburu bụ mgbalị nnapụta wusiri ike na-eme na 1834-1837 afọ. Karịsịa, mgbe okporo mmiri jupụtara, elu nke Kremlin jụrụ site 4 m na ala tiers bu na nzuzo. N'ihi ya, ha na-idei mmiri site n'ala mmiri na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite isi ísì. Na narị afọ nke 19, ndị Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) aghọwo a ebe gara Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke ndị agha, bụ ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na na ebe nchekwa grandfathers, gosiri onwe ha obi ike agha.

The isi nke ngosi nka

N'okpuru Alexander atọ bịara ejiji n'ihi na ihe niile Russian na mmasị na mba akụkọ ihe mere eme. Na 1894, e kpebiri iji hazie a akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe ngosi nka na Kremlin. Iji mee nke a, anyị kpebiri remake Dmitrievskaya ụlọ elu. N'elu ẹkụre na 1896, ihe ngosi nka e meghere ka ọha na eze. Iji napụta ọbịa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod), a foto nke na-dị n'okpuru, na 1896 site na Christmas n'okporo ámá wuru funicular. Otú ọ dị, na 1926, ọ bụ mechiri emechi, dị ka malitere ọrụ ụgbọala akara tinyere Zelensky Congress. O sonyeere Ukwu Ịrịọchite n'okporo ámá na Christmas.

N'okpuru Soviet na-achị (ruo mgbe 1945)

Mgbe October mgbanwe, nakwa dị ka mba ahụ dum, a oké mgbanwe ji dakwasị Nizhny Novgorod. The Kremlin ka furu ya a ma ama Nnwogha Cathedral, nke nwere dịghị ebe ke obio, na renamed na nsọpụrụ nke Maksima Gorkogo.

Na saịtị nke oge ochie temple, nke e wuru Mihailom Romanovym ma Akwa Bishop Filaret na narị afọ nke 17, ndị ọhụrụ ọchịchị iwuru councils, na ihe ngosi nka, nke ejikwara na Dmitriev ụlọ elu ahụ mechiri emechi. nwekwara mepụtara a plan mbibi nke ụfọdụ ụlọ nche, iji mụbaa Soviet ebe, ma atụmatụ gbochiri ha Ukwu Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.

Site 1941 na 1943, ndị Nazi malitere-akọ ọtụtụ akụkọ ikuku Nizhny Novgorod. The Kremlin, nke n'oge ahụ karịa 4 ọtụtụ narị afọ, bilie na-agbachitere ya nwa afọ obodo. On ya n'ụlọ elu niile na-etinye-emegide ugbo elu egbe na-echebe na mbara igwe na Gorky.

Na agha oge

Site na njedebe nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nso mgbidi nke oge ochie Kremlin, Soviet Square (Minin na Pozharsky), ọ bụ ndị Victory Na Na Na, na ebe ọ bụ na 1949, ebe ewusiri ike e doro ihe e mweghachi. Mgbe '31 na Kremlin, ihe ngosi nke na ngwá agha, na-agha megide ndị mwakpo.

Kemgbe mmalite 1990s na enweghị ego emewo ka a zuru ezu cessation nke mweghachi-arụ ọrụ. Ha nọgidere na na 2000s. N'otu oge ahụ, iji chebe akara maka ọdịnihu ọgbọ, na Nizhny Novgorod haziri site na Historical na Architectural Reserve, ntọala nke bụ Kremlin.

Site ikpeazụ afọ nke ihe ndị ga-kwuru Zachatskoy nwughari nke ụlọ elu, nke e mere na 2012. Dị ka a N'ihi nke na-ewu na-arụ ọrụ Ring Kremlin mgbidi ibu dịpụrụ adịpụ, na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble enwetara a zuru ezu.

Nke taa ha na-ahụ ndị njem na Nizhny Novgorod

Taa obodo ahụ bụ otu n'ime ihe kasị mkpa njegharị emmepe nke obodo. Ọtụtụ na-adọrọ mmasị onye ọ bụla n'afọ na-adọta ọtụtụ puku ndị njem na Nizhny Novgorod. The Kremlin bụ onyeisi ha. N'etiti ncheta chekwara ya n'ókèala, o nwere ike a ga-kwuru 13 elu, ọ bụla nke nnyocha ga-atọ ụtọ nke ukwuu na ndị hụrụ ije. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị City Duma, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọkàiwu, ikpe nke mkpezi ikpe, isi ndekọ ụlọ ọrụ, a post office, a philharmonic ụlọ nzukọ, ihe nkà ihe ngosi nka, a Nche na ebighị ebi ire ọkụ. Ọzọkwa, e mere ndokwa: uzo warawara nke ịhụnanya, a ole na ole cafes na ndị ọzọ na-akpali ihe.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: esi

The ebe e wusiri ike na nsogbu na confluence nke Oka na Volga, on a elu promontory. Ndị rutere n'obodo ụgbọ okporo ígwè si Moscow n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè nwere ike iru Kremlin, na-eji ụgbọ ala mgbagharị N 34, 81, 134, 54 ma ọ bụ 172 ịkwụsị "Minin na Pozharsky Square". Ndị na-esonụ bụ ruo a na-agafe agafe n'okporo ámá - Bolshaya Pokrovskaya.

ọzọ dostoprimechaelnosti

Olee ihe ọzọ nwere ike ị na-ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ị kechioma na-na Nizhny Novgorod? The Kremlin gbara na-akpali akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta, nke nwekwara ike anya. Ka ihe atụ, na square nke Minin na Pozharsky, emi odude ke n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ n'akụkụ nke mgbidi obodo ahụ, e nwere otu nke ama Moscow a ncheta wuru na nsọpụrụ nke dike. Nso bụkwa A. S. Pushkina Museum, isi-iyi, wuru na 1847, ihe ncheta V. Chkalov na Kuzma Minin. Nke ikpeazụ a maara na ọ na e arụnyere n'oge agha, iji ịkpọlite ndị mmụọ nke Nizhny Novgorod n'ụbọchị ufiop ikuku ịwakpo na obodo.

Ugbu a na ị maara ihe na-adọta ndị njem nleta Nizhny Novgorod. Kremlin (lee foto. Karịsịa) kwesịrị ka enyocha ya, na jupụtara nganga maka omume nke nna nna anyị hà.