Nkịtị expressionism

Abstract Expressionism pụta na New York na 1940-1950-ies na ngwa ngwa ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ike na-eru n'okwu ije na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a na nkà. Building na rụzuru nke European avant-garde art, a ìgwè nke artists maara dị ka "nkịtị expressionists" (ma ọ bụ "New York School"), azụlitewo a ọhụrụ abstraction na bụ ma dị mfe ma dị mgbagwoju.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-ese ihe ndị so ije, Willem de Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, Clifford Ma, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, Robert Motherwell, William Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-Dart. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị isi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Abstract Expressionism ndị kwabatara, gụnyere Mark Rothko, Gans Gofman, Arshile Gorky, ọ bụ akpatre mbụ American art ije. New York ghọrọ isi obodo ọhụrụ nke nkà ọhụrụ maka afọ na-abịa, "-ewepụ" ke Paris Modern Art ákwà ndú. Na New York, o kere a visual asụsụ, nke a na-adịghị anya ruru kasị dị anya na nkuku nke mbara ala.

The aha "nkịtị expressionism" enwetara site na Nchikota obi ike e ji mara German Expressionist na "antiobraznymi" chepụtara European nkịtị ụlọ akwụkwọ (futurism syncretic Cubist).

Ke adianade do, ọ na-kọwara dị ka ihe anarchic, pụrụ nnọọ iche, ọbụna na ụfọdụ echiche nke nihilism ije. Na omume, okwu na-emetụta ọ bụla ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nka arụ ọrụ na New York na kpamkpam dị iche iche ekwekọghị, ọ dịghị nke, ọ dịghị ụzọ ike kọwara dị ka a oge gboo ma ọ bụ nkịtị expressionism.

Ihe osise nke ndị a na-ese ihe ike na-esiwanye nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arụ ọrụ nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme na-adịkarị nabatara mgbakọ na na nkà na thematically. Ọ bụ a echiche nke ha n'otu n'otu ụbụrụ, ya mere ha na oyom a eluigwe na ala esịtidem isi mmalite. Spontaneity na improvisation ndị kasị mkpa ihe na okike usoro. Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ nke nkịtị expressionists "iguzogide" ọ bụla stylistic nhazi ọkwa, ha nwere ike na-grouped gburugburu isi ihe abụọ preferences:-elekwasị anya na ike na energetic ogbugbu; ntụgharị uche, lekwasịrị anya na-emeghe ebe nke na agba. Na nke ọ bụla, ihe oyiyi, na mbụ, ihe abstraction. Ọbụna mgbe image dabeere na visual eziokwu, nkịtị expressionist họọrọ usoro, "furu echiche".

Abstract Expressionism mepụtara na onodu nke a dịgasị iche iche nke overlapping onye ọ bụla ọzọ na isi mmalite. Ọtụtụ nka mere mbụ ha na usoro ná mmalite 1930s. Akwa Iduọ Ndutịm Uforo kpaliri ntoputa nke abụọ nkà mmegharị: Ridzhionalizm na Sotsiorealizm. Ma ọ dịghị nke ha bụ na afọ ojuju na ndị a na-ese na ha search maka nka ọdịnaya na a siri ike bara uru, echiche nke-elekọta mmadụ ọrụ, ma n'otu oge free si provincialism oké ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbaasị. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ yiri ụgha nke ije, onye mgbọrọgwụ edina na ihe atụ sere nke 1930s. Fọrọ nke nta niile Abstract Expressionists na "gburu" na ahụmahụ nke Oké Ndakpọ, ha art matured n'okpuru nduzi Ridzhionalizma na Sotsiorealizma. Ọzọkwa meghere ụzọ maka ndị kasị elu American art mmetụta na assimilation nke European modernism. N'afọ ndị na New York, haziri ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke European avant-garde art, ke adianade do, e ọzụzụ ọmụmụ modernism. The kasị akpa onye nkụzi nke dịkọrọ ndụ art na United States ghọrọ Gans Gofman, onye si Germany na United States na-adịgide adịgide na 1932.

Na nsogbu nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ na ya pụta na-isi ihe na-aghọta nsogbu nke creativity nkịtị expressionists. Young nka, nchegbu banyere n'ọchịchịrị akụkụ nke mmadu, na-atụsi aghọta ezi uche omume na vulnerability nke ndị mmadụ na-ewere ya ọrụ ha na-egosipụta nsogbu ndị a na nkà, ma na a ọhụrụ ya ọdịnaya.

Direct kọntaktị na European nka amụbawo n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, bụ nke mere na ọtụtụ ndị, gụnyere Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, André Masson, André Breton, Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger,-achọ ebe mgbaba na United States. Surrealists, na ha mesiri ike na njirimara nke "ụbụrụ", meghere ọhụrụ, ohere. A surrealistic usoro nyak nke "na-amaghị" - psychic automatism, nke akpaka ogbugbu na improvisation enweta nnwere onwe nke edinam.

Ná mmalite, ndị Abstract Expressionists na search of adịghị agafe agafe gburugburu na ịrịba ama n'aka maka mmụọ nsọ na myths na kenchara art. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, Robert Motherwell, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, William Baziotis n'ihi ha n'aka okwu chọ n'ike mmụọ nsọ oge ochie ma ọ bụ oge ochie omenala. Early ọrụ site artists egosi ajụ na biomorphic ọcha na-converted n'ime onye Koodu. Jung bụ na-akpali akpali na akparamaagwa, ya n'ọnu nke "mkpokọta amaghị ihe ọ bụla." Direct okwu bụ ihe kachasị mkpa, ọ na-kacha mma enweta enweghị eche (atụmatụ).

Na ogbo nke tozuru okè nkịtị expressionism, na 1947, Dzhekson Pollok kere a pụrụ iche na Usoro - dripping ma ọ bụ splashing (a nnukwu kwaaji, tọrọ ala n'ala, ọ splashed agba na a ahịhịa).

Willem de Kooning nwekwara mepụtara ya Usoro gestural style - oké iwe, pasty "strok-strok" ihe e kere eke nke na-akpọ "ihe atụ abstraction."

Lee Krasner, na Frants Klayn ndị dokwara ọrụ n'aka na nzukọ nke a na-akpa ike ogbugbu nkà, na nke ọ bụla ibe nke picture jupụtara (Lee Krasner akpọ style "odide" sere).

Ọrụ nkịtị expressionists uru idu ke ala nke okwu. Sere bụ mmeghe nke ezi njirimara nke na-ese. A ogbugbu ma ọ bụ a "mbinye aka" nke artist - àmà nke ihe e kere eke usoro.

The ụzọ ọzọ na oge nke ndị tozuru okè nkịtị expressionism bụ na search nke expressive ohere nke na agba. Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman kere art nnukwu format agba ụgbọ elu - "ndị dị mfe ikowaputa nke mgbagwoju echiche," dị ka Mark Rothko.

Imperishable mmasị nkịtị expressionism egosiputa onwe ha nye ya practitioners na-emekọ ihe isi ọgụgụ isi okwukwo nke oge ya, gụnyere existentialism na Jungian akparamaagwa (ọ bụ uru na-echeta, nke nwere otu ihe dị mkpa mmetụta na expressionism na ije na-amalite amalite). Ọ bụ ezie na ekzistentsializm nwere a bụrụkwa mmetụta na Abstract Expressionists, ma o mee ka ihapu otutu okwu nke nchegbu na nkewapụ-emetụta nnọọ mbara ụka.

N'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ na nkà akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọma nkịtị expressionists nọchitere anya apogee nke modernist ije, malitere ihe fọrọ nke nta a na narị afọ mbụ.

Abstract expressionism aga n'ihu na-ogide a ma ama ebe ọ bụghị nanị na ihe ndị mere akwụkwọ nke na nkà na ngosi nka collections, ma na ọha na eze nsụhọ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ogologo mkpesa ya, obi abụọ adịghị, bụ a Agba miri nweta.