Olee otú ime ka arụrụ n'ụlọ forge ibe ya bụrụ?

N'ụwa taa, esorowo na ngwaahịa ndị na-ewu ewu. Ha pụrụ ịchọta n'ebe nile. Dị ka ihe atụ, ekele ha fireplaces nweta ihe mbụ anya, ifuru ila bụ oké mma nke ụlọ, ígwè steepụ ka ulo anya dị ka a nnukwu ụlọ. Na kasị akpali ihe bụ na ihe niile a pụrụ mere site n'aka iji improvised forge. Dị iche iche mgbanwe dị iche naanị site ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala na-eji. Ndị fọdụrụ iche enweghị ịrịba uru.

The mkpa iji nweta home elu okpomọkụ (karịrị otu puku degrees Celsius) maka ductile metal omenkà iduga echiche nke na-ekpokọta mpi arụrụ n'ụlọ. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọchịchọ siri ike na-eme ihe niile dị ka ntụziaka, ọ dịghị nsogbu ga-ebilite.

The forges ọ na-etinyere ka ikpo metal tupu ikpo ọgwụgwọ na nwere ike n'ụdị nke:

• anyịnya;
• obere;
• mobile.

Taa oge gboo aghụghọ e ji coal ka a mmanụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ osisi, ma arụrụ n'ụlọ mpi maka ibe ya bụrụ nwere ike a gas. Dị ka omume na-egosi, ndị kasị echekwa mmanụ ụgbọala bụ coal, nke tupu iji na-emeso.

isi akụkụ

The usoro nke forge nnọọ mfe. Dị ka imewe na-echetara ịmụta oven na atọ partitions na onye na-emeghe n'akụkụ. Ya isi ọrụ - iji nọgide na-kasị elu na o kwere omume okpomọkụ n'ime.

Device ịmụta ya nzukọ dị iche obere si mmepụta ngwá ọrụ.

Oge gboo imewe kwesịrị nwere:

• Refractory table;
• n'ekwú na grate;
• igwefoto na ngwaọrụ ahụ;
• nche anwụ;
• ntụ-ulo, na valvụ na drainage;
• mpio anwụrụ ọkụ;
• quenching bath;
• oghere maka nri blanks;
• a duct maka udia oxygen;
• gas-air ulo;
• mbughari crucible.

Olee otú ngwaọrụ

Tupu ị na-ewu a forge, ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta ya ụdị. Horn mechiri emechi ụdị nwere a-ulo maka kpo oku preform. Nlereanya a na-ewere na-kasị echekwa mmanụ ụgbọala oriri. Ma na nke a, na workpiece na-ejedebeghị na size.

The mpi ibe ya bụrụ oghe mmanụ ụgbọala na-wụsara n'elu nke grate, nri si na ala airflow. Reheated preform-etinye na mmanụ ụgbọala. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume ka ikpo nnukwu size workpiece.

Iji-enwe ike iru a n'ụlọ-mere mpi na-enweghị adịkwa ya mma nke ọrụ ma n'otu oge Echekwara ego, ị ga-aghọta ụkpụrụ nke ya ọrụ. The ngwaọrụ dabeere a ịrịba ama mmụba na okpomọkụ ruru ka carbon combustion chemical usoro.

Usoro a na-enye a elu energovyhod na ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ na-eji maka na-agbaze dị iche iche ọla. Iji cupola ekweghị ka ihe ọkụ, a ga-nri n'ime ya a obere obere oxygen karịa ihe a chọrọ ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu oxidize, ma ngwaahịa ga-adị oke kenkuwa, na ya, ga na-adịru afọ ole na ole.

gas mpi

Nke a na ụdị bugle mee n'ụlọ bụ kpọmkwem mfe. Arụrụ n'ụlọ forge ga-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru okè ma gas, ma ọ bụ uru na-ewere maka naanị propane, butane ma ọ bụ ọcha monogaz. Domestic eke gas bụghị adabara maka zharovnike dị ka ọ nwere na ihe ndị mejupụtara nke ma jupụta na unsaturated hydrocarbons, nke na-eduga ndị na-abụghị edo okpomọkụ dissipation.

Ọzọkwa, eke gas nwere ahụ nke sịlịkọn, sọlfọ na site, nke nwere ike imetụta ndị metal. Dị ka ihe atụ, a na sọlfọ naanị emebi nchara na kọntaktị, na-agbanwe ya na-arụ ọrụ uru ọghọm. Nke a nwere ike ime ka ịrịba ego losses.

Na echiche nke dị n'elu, a arụrụ n'ụlọ gas n'ekwú maka ibe ya bụrụ nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na a na ezinụlọ gas naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ya mbido nkpochapụ sọlfọ ahụ. Iji mezuo nke a na gas ga-agafe a akpa nke naphthalene, nke iri na niile n'ekpere. Ọ bụkwa na-achọsi ike ka ịmụta na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na mmanụ ụgbọala naanị ji achọ ọcha, ma ọ bụghị nkọwa nke nke ga-n'ihu doro elu ibu.

Materials maka n'ichepụta

Dị ka a na-achị, onwe-mere mpi si dị iche na ulo oru version nke nnukwu ego na ihe. Ọ bụ ya mere i nwere ike kpam kpam iji fireclay brik kama quartz maka ya lining. Ma ọ ga-adịru ogologo oge, n'ihi na n'ụlọ na-adịghị achọ na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị nke ngwaọrụ. Na na n'ichepụta akwụ ụgwọ ga-belatara budata hearth.

oru mmiri

Isi na-arụ ọrụ ahụ nke cupola bụ a ube, esịnede:

• ikuku ulo;
• firebox;
• grate;
• ndepụta tube;
• drainage;
• valvụ.

N'ụlọ, ihe niile a na-aga n'ime a otu ịkpakọba imewe, n'elu tebụl. Grate na nke a nwere ike perforated na gburugburu oghere. Drainage imewe bụ nnọọ dị mkpa ịchịkwa ọkọnọ nke oxygen na workpiece.

Mwepụ nke gas a rụrụ site na-arụ ọrụ na mpio anwụrụ ọkụ na enyeghachi ya okpukpu anọ nke n'ekwú ụlọ. Ebe ọ bụ na tent windo bụ mgbe niile na-emeghe, mpi arụrụ n'ụlọ mpio anwụrụ ọkụ dị mkpa iji hụ kacha traction.

Dabere ụdị nke aluworo ihe onwunwe ike itinye a zharovnike gas-air cell akpa na maka quenching. Ọzọkwa, crucible na-na-eji maka ibe ya bụrụ ezigbo ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị ferrous alloys. Ọ bụ a okpomọkụ na-eguzogide okpu, nke n'ụlọ a kpụrụ na a akọrọ nke firebrick.

firing iwu

Nke ezigbo mmanụ ụgbọala bụ obere Coke, nke, ọ bụ ezie ọ na-eri oké ọnụ karịa coal iwesa na-arụ ọrụ na nke kacha nta ozo. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-achọ a elu mgbanye okpomọkụ, arụrụ n'ụlọ n'ekwú forge ga-akpa-agbazekwa osisi. Nanị mgbe ọkụ na isi mmanụ ụgbọala agbara ndi mmadu n'ime ekwú preform maka chaa, ibelata n'ume.

Iji rụọ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị na a opi na a ot coal vyzharit ọ bụ nke mbụ dị mkpa iji wuchaa evaporation nke ndị Coke oven gas, nke ga-aghọ doro anya na mgbanwe na agba nke ire. Jiri ndị dị otú ahụ mmanụ ụgbọala n'ozuzu imewe nke nnukwu mbụ ngwaahịa.

Iji ịmụta a ụlọ udi si Damascus, ga-eji na-agba unyi, ma nke a na mmanụ ụgbọala na-achọ a ere goodu ọrụ n'ihi na emegharị n'otu ntabi ka podduvanie na ngwa ngwa ọkụ.

Ọkụ ga-eji na ot osisi deciduous osisi, ma tupu ha ọkụ ke shei maka full gbochie metal ibe neprogorevshih. Ndị dị otú ahụ a na usoro nke mmepụta nke okpomọkụ a na-ewere na-kasị echekwa.

Mini version

Tupu ị na-eme a arụrụ n'ụlọ oku, kwesịrị iji chọpụta na ezigbo size nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-ewu. Nke na-eme n'ụlọ obere ji achọ ọcha ka ígwè ma ọ bụ-agbaze dragtsveta ezuru obere imewe nke isii fireclay brik.

Na grate shelves maka ya na nke a na-mere ígwè ibe na akpa. Dị ka isi mmanụ ụgbọala na-eji na a n'onwe, a ot coal ma ọ bụ Coke nke kwesịrị ọku n'alughi blowtorch ma ọ bụ burner (gas, benzovozdushnoy). Ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ a na ngwaọrụ nwere ike na-n'èzí na arụrụ n'ụlọ gas burner n'ekwú dị ka blowlamp, a ga-echebe site na isi n'ekwú Asbestos nkebi na a oghere maka Itie nke ire ọkụ. Ke adianade do, na-enyemaka nke n'ekwú nwere ike obere-sized ngwaahịa.

onye imewe

Anyịnya nlereanya nke ụsọ ọkụ ka ewere n'ime akaụntụ anthropometric data nke ukwu. Nke a bụ iji hụ na kacha nkasi obi n'oge ibe ya bụrụ, dị ka a red-ekpo ọkụ mpempe ígwè erikpu ọtụtụ kilogram, na-anọchi anya a ihe ize ndụ maka ndị nna ha ukwu na ndị ọzọ. Ihe kasị mkpa na usoro - iji nwetara kacha nchekwa na nkasi obi.

N'ụzọ ziri ezi na-ekpebi size of n'ebe ọrụ, ị chọrọ enyemaka nke onye ọzọ. N'ihi ya, ịdị elu tụrụ site n'ala ka n'ikpere aka ukwu onye aka na a nọrọ jụụ ọnọdụ na ụkwụ gị na-ubu obosara iche. Iji a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na anyị ga tinye ọzọ 5 cm, na idi-elu ga-ezigbo n'ihi na n'ebe ọrụ.

table-etolite kasị mma square maka otu ukwu, maka omume nke otu nnyemaaka nwere ike akụkụ anọ. Bụrụ na nke a square udi, n'akụkụ nke ogologo kpebisiri ike site ịchọpụta na diagonal. Iji mee nke a, i kwesịrị tụọ ogologo nke nnyemaaka nke nna ukwu nke afo tupu ọgwụgwụ nke nnukwu akọrọ na ogwe aka si ogologo. A ọnụ ọgụgụ na-kwukwara ọzọ 10 cm na odomo ọkara diagonally. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na chọrọ pụrụ nanị ba uba n'ihi site 1,414 iji chọpụta ogologo ma ọ bụ gafee diagonal na idozi ihe akụkụ nke C ² usoro ọmụmụ = a ² + a ^2, ebe C - Diagonal nwetara, na - n'akụkụ ngalaba.

The usoro nke Filiks

Nzọụkwụ mbụ na-aga na-ede ihe na tebụl na a grate na center. Ọ dị mkpa ime ka ya na a otu metal mpempe akwụkwọ na crosslink canaliculate maka ìgwè sludge ma hụ otu ụdị nke nkesa nke ikuku. Mgbe ahụ, na ala nke na tebụl na-aga n'ikuku tank na a eji shutter. Air ekupụ maka agbam ume ike ga-eji si ochie n'ekwú ọkụ ụgbọ ala.

obere forge

Nlereanya a bụ nnọọ mfe iji. Anakọta ọ ga-eji dị ka ihe ndabere maka mmiri na efere. N'ihi na nke a supercharged ụgbọ ala nwere ike ịbụ a eju ma ọ bụ a na-akwado nke ntuziaka sirens, nke site na a anwụrụ na oghere kesaa ikuku site na center nke arịa. Ya wepụ aka na refractory lining nke ájá na marl. Ihe nke a imewe bụ ihe ohere karịa nke a Obere-bugle, na ikike ịkwaga, na iche na anyịnya table. Master na-kegide na n'ebe ọrụ na ike mfe njem dị iche iche akụkụ-oge ọrụ.

N'etiti adịghị:

• ọ dịghị ekwe omume na-ebukọtala maka ihicha;
• ala ọrụ okpomọkụ;
• elu mmanụ ụgbọala oriri;
• na-arụ ọrụ naanị na Coke ma ọ bụ unyi.

treadle

Tupu mgbe ahụ, ndị a bụ akụkụ na-eji maka ibe ya bụrụ horseshoes ka inyinya n'oge mkpọsa agha. Horn e ji a mobile na ndị ọzọ ga-adaba adaba, ebe ọ bụ na aka abụọ nke ukwu bu free-arụ ọrụ na ngwaahịa. Ọ na-e nyere a crank usoro, nke a na-actuated site na ịpị ụkwụ pedal.

A oge a version of n'ekwú nwere ike kpọkọtara n'ụlọ si ụkwụ nke akwa akwa igwe.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọ na-e kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'elu arụrụ n'ụlọ ọkụ, burner n'ekwú, o kwere omume n'ihi fuels na ndị ọzọ na atụmatụ nke metal ibe ya bụrụ n'ụlọ. Ọ dị mkpa icheta na onwe-mere imewe bụ adịghị ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-eji dochie ọkachamara Usoro a mere kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na ụdị nile nke na-arụ ọrụ na metal.

Ịmụta - bụ ugbu a ka na-ewu nnọọ ewu onu, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ahịa nke ihe ndị na-adị mfe izu karịa ka. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ, ị pụrụ ime ka a na ngwaọrụ n'ụlọ na-enyemaka nke dị ego. Ekele a obere uzú shop ga-enwe ike ike a pụrụ iche ígwè na ngwaahịa, nke nwere ike iji icho mma onwe n'ogige ya.

N'ezie na-anakọta mpi ha aka si scrap ihe dị mfe. Ihe kacha mkpa - soro ntuziaka ka nwere a ngwá ọrụ iji na-edebe ihe nchebe anya, na mgbe ahụ ihe niile ga-esi.