St. Michael Obibi: nkọwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme, imewe, frescoes na mosaics

St. Michael Obibi, ndị kasị ochie nsọ obibi nke Kiev, na-agụnye a ebube temple mgbagwoju wuru n'aha Onyeisi Ndị Mmụọ Ozi Michael, chi nke obodo. Na mgbakwunye na undoubted nka na ụkpụrụ ụlọ kpọkwara nke Katidral, ya peculiarity bụ na ọ bụ onye mbụ n'ime Russia temple dome na-ntekwasa na gold. Nke a nyere aha dum mọnk mgbagwoju.

Katidral, wuru site Prince Svyatopolk

Ọ ka kwere na ndị na-ewu ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-ejikọrọ na aha Metropolitan nke Kiev, Mikhail, a ma ama n'okpukpe na nke X narị afọ. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-ewu nke ama gold-domed katidral malitere naanị a na narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge ọchịchị Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. Ime baptizim, ọ nọ na kpọrọ ndị Michael, na owuwu nke chọọchị ahụ a ihe ịrịba ama nke ya mmasi maka umeala n'obi ya nyere ya eluigwe nchebe.

Wuru nsọ nsọ-isi, na Katidral dị mkpa ná ndụ nke ụmụ amaala nakwa dị ka Kiev bụ n'okpuru eluigwe patronage nke Arhangela Mihaila. Ọ bụ ya mere St. Michael si Golden-Domed Obibi, na nso nke nke ọ bụ onye òtù, si XII narị afọ ghọrọ n'ebe ili ozu nke onyeisi ezinụlọ mmadụ. Ọ bụ a ụdị arụsị, e sere na ha tombstones a ịrịba oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Kievan rus.

First gold dome na Russia

Na 1108 a ịrịba omume mere na ndụ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk: si Byzantine isi obodo Constantinople e zigara ya ihe ncheta nke St. Barbara, nke ghọrọ isi okpukpe Shinto ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Iji oge a na-eme nnyocha na-ekwu na ọmụmụ nke ọhụrụ n'oge nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ omenala nke gilded dome. Church of St. Arhangela Mihaila bụ onye mbụ n'ime Russia, ebe architects nwere emejuputa a ọhụrụ.

Mbuso agha nke Tatars na Polish ikike

Kpọrọ emetụta akara aka nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk n'oge mbuso agha nke iju mwakpo. Otu n'ime ha, onye kasị ukwuu mmebi nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk mere ìgwè ndị Tatars meriri Kiev na 1482. Ha bibiri ọtụtụ ụlọ ke ebe obibi ndị mọnk ma bibie oké ọnụ ahịa ihe ncheta nke Old Russian sere na ide.

Mgbe St. Michael Obibi, ọnụ na dum Kiev, da n'okpuru ikike nke Polish eze, o nwere charters nyere nri-ahọpụta ndị abbots ma na-enye onwe ha n'aka Ecclesiastical ikike nke metropolitans na aka ike gọvanọ. Nke a mere ka ya na mmepe, na, dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ nke oge ahụ, na n'etiti XVI na narị afọ, ebe obibi ndị mọnk ghọrọ ndị kasị ibu na ndị kasị baa ọgaranya okpukpe center nke Kiev.

ọgụ Uniates

Na-agba àmà ihe ndị mere tupu nke St. Michael Obibi malitere na n'oge na Asaa na narị afọ, mgbe Eze nke Poland nye ya ihe nketa nke Uniate - nnọchiteanya nke Greek Catholic Church, na-agbalị na-agbasa ya mmetụta na n'ebe ndịda na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'ógbè Russia.

Ha mgbalị ẹkemụm na ala nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk na ọ na-etinye njedebe nke Cossacks na ogwe aka na-ekpechite ọnụ ndị nna nna ha 'ihu arụsị.

-Awụfu ọbara nke na-agbachitere we nọdu abụghị n'efu. N'ihi na ha obi ike n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-agba ọsọ site na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks, na ya abbot Job Boretsky e elu Metropolitan. Ekpe na-ebi ndụ n'ime mgbidi nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk, ọ si otú a budata ụba ya ọnọdụ, na-eme ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-adịgide adịgide obibi nke Metropolitan.

Ihe Asaa-XVIII narị afọ

The ọzọ dị mkpa ogbo na ndụ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ malitere na 1654, mgbe e nwere a njikọ nke Kiev na ya isiokwu n'ókèala na Russian ala. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Michael si n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk efu akụkụ nke ya n'ala ala, nke na-onwunwe nke Commonwealth, ọnwụ bụ ihe karịrị ụgwọ atụrụ na hetman na Cossack ojii, wepu aha na-onwunwe mọnk nnukwu ebe, emi odude ke ekpe-akụ Ukraine. Malite site 1800 ebe obibi ndị mọnk bụ onye obibi nke Nnọchianya nke Kyiv Diocese.

N'oge na Asaa-XVIII narị afọ dum mgbagwoju nke ụlọ agbanweela a isi nhazigharị na ejiji nke na oge na Baroque style. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ọrụ nke ndị oge ochie na, ọzọ tupu Mongol ụka gụnyere Katidral nke Onyeisi Ndị Mmụọ Ozi Michael St. Michael Obibi. Site na ọ bụ naanị ndị apse ịchụàjà, iberibe mgbidi na a Central dome. Akpan akpan anya ugwo oge ochie mosaics na frescoes na chọọ mgbidi ụlọ nsọ ahụ. Ezuola mụọ site art akụkọ ihe mere eme, ha nwere ebe ọ bụ na e sụrụ na weghachiri eweghachi.

Icheta tupu revolutionary akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk, ọ bụghị banyere ya bụ ebe obibi ndị mọnk wuru nso Kiev, na bụ nso ya eponymous convent, sụgharịrị na 1712 na hem. Nsọ a ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-tọrọ ntọala na nsọpụrụ nke nchebe senti nke obodo - Arhangela Mihaila.

The mbibi nke ndị na Cathedral n'oge Soviet oge

Ọ dịghị onye nke Tartars, ma ọ bụ site na mba ọzọ na-emeri emeri St. Michael Obibi adịghị tara ahụhụ dị otú ahụ irreparable weere, ma site na ya ụmụ amaala debara aha na Soviet ugboro ekweghị na Chineke ara. Mgbe Ukraine isi obodo kpaliri site Kharkov na Kiev, were a otutu ohere maka owuwu nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ, Republican ọchịchị nyere iwu ka ibibi ochie katidral.

N'agbanyeghị ihe niile na-agbali zọpụta nka site na mbibi nke pụrụ iche n'oge ochie ncheta, na 1934-1936, na-arụ ọrụ na ya dismantling e rụrụ. Mosaics na frescoes of St. Michael si Golden-Domed Obibi katidral e ikpe azọpụta. Ha ka a na ike na ndabere nke ọhụrụ na enịm ke na St. Sophia Cathedral, emi odude ke center nke Kiev.

Orthodox ihu arụsị, nke na-ngosi nka iberibe

Ịzọpụta Mozis mural "Oriri Nsọ" nwere iwu ime ụlọ ngosi ulo nke St. Sophia Cathedral mgbidi, kpọmkwem imepụtaghachi ihe ndekọ nke ebe nsọ apse Michael Church. Ọzọ iberibe mosaics na frescoes esịne ke ịnakọta nke ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Moscow, Leningrad na Kiev.

N'oge German arụ nke mosaics na frescoes mma na St. Michael Obibi, ha na-ẹka Germany. Mgbe agha ha laghachiri ná mba anyị, ma ọ bụghị bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Dnieper, na ngosi nka collections na obodo ndị ọzọ. The onwunwe nke St. Barbara, ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, bụ isi okpukpe Shinto ebe obibi ndị mọnk, site na nmalite nke sixties na-eli na na Vladimir Katidral ke Kiev. The Mozis image of St. Michael Obibi nwere ike hụrụ na Moscow, Leningrad na Novgorod.

Ọ ga-kwuru, sị nnọọ mwute na. The plan wuoro ndutịm ụlọ ke ebe mbụ bụ isi katidral nke St. Michael Obibi, na ọ dịghị mgbe emejuputa atumatu. Ebibi ndị kasị oké ọnụ ahịa ncheta nke ụlọ nsọ oge ochie ije, ike ekpe ke itie a n'efu n'oge Soviet oge na-egosi ha obi àgwà ha onwe ha mere eme.

gbakee okpukpe Shinto

Wughachiri na mbubreyo nineties site atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ YU Lissitzky, ụlọ nsọ e inaugurated on May 30, 1999. Ọ laghachi ọtụtụ ihe nke mbụ mma, na-echekwa na ruo n'oge na mba ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na pediment mma oyiri nke oge ochie ọkpụkpụ Arhangela Mihaila.

The belfry, ịmepụtagharịa dị ka oge ochie image, ka a n'oge a ngwá egwú - a carillon. Site n'enyemaka nke ọkachamara egwú ịrụ mgbagwoju ime mmụọ mejupụtara.