The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet: ntoputa na ọganihu

The mgbọrọgwụ nke Russian Ballet, ka ọ bụla art ụdị, na-na-agba egwú akụkọ ifo. Dịcha, ndị a okpukpe (nile di iche iche nke agba egwú) na-egwu ya edekọ ( "pereplyas", "Kuma, bụ ebe e" na na.) Dance. Russian balet na-abụghị nanị nọgidere niile aesthetic n'ụkpụrụ iwu, ma ghọrọ a omeiwu na ụwa nke balet.

mmiri

Na Kievan rus 'na uzo nke Asatọ-IX ọtụtụ narị afọ, wee malite ịpụta mbụ dancers, ndị ọkachamara na ubi ha - ekpo ... Mgbe a mgbe, mgbe isi obodo bụ Moscow, ekpo ndị bụchaghị mmadụ.

Na XV-XVI narị afọ na-akpa ọchị ntem entertainers na ihu zoro na masks, na-akpọ "mashkarami" anya na-idem na ịga mba ọzọ.

Na na Asaa narị afọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet akara oghere atọ ọchị n'obí nke Kremlin Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Dị ka ike na omenala, ọ bụla n'ahịrịokwu na-eme ihe nkiri na-mgbe na-agwụ agwụ mezhdusenyami (pụrụ iche ndapụta balet). Ndị a na-akpọ entrée rụrụ site ikom yi meere okomoko uwe. Eme ihe nkiri gosiri ụfọdụ ọcha nke ballroom agba egwú.

The Tsar si fun

The mbụ na-ọnụ ọgụgụ ballets na Russia a na-ewere a arụmọrụ nye February 8, 1673. Ọ mere na a ịrịba omume na ikpe nke Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, ọ nọ na-akpọ "Ballet nke Orpheus na Eurydice." The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ntoputa nke Russian balet na-akọwa ya dị ka a mgbanwe ceremonious kpee, onye na-adịghị egwú, ụta na ikwu n'ụzọ. N'etiti-eme ihe nkiri na-agụghachi n'isi okwu ma ọ bụ na-abụ abụ. All nke a bụ a nta dị ka ezigbo ihe ngosi ihe. Ọ bụ nanị a-eze fun, na-adọrọ adọrọ ya na-ejighị n'aka.

Ka ọ dịgodị, Gregory I., na nhazi nke ihe nkiri, na-agwa Nicola Lima hazie ọzụzụ ọmụmụ maka egwuregwu nkà nke eze-eme ihe nkiri. Na mbụ, 10 umu magburu burghers, mgbe ahụ, 20, na-ọma-azụ ma gosi eze n'obí balet arụmọrụ "Orpheus" na French style.

The ọrụ set

Naanị mgbe a nkeji iri na ise nke a na narị afọ, Peter m, ebe iji idozigharị omenala ndụ nke Russia, ọ na-eweta na ndụ nke Russian otu music na egwú. Ọ na-ekpebi ịkụnye art J.Randall strata nke ndị bi na St. Petersburg. Iji mee nke a, Peter m mechie Moscow nkiri Alexei Mikhailovich na ebipụta a revolutionary iwu. Nke a iwu ka mgbakọ chọrọ niile ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti na-akụziri ballroom egwú aghaghị. Ndị a mgbanwe mere ọnọdụ nke egwú-nwe-apụghị iru elu. Nke ahụ bụ ihe ọchịchị mgbakọ balet ụgwọ dị na balet agba egwú Nkea si ná mba ọzọ, innovations n'ụdị ọcha nke mba Slavonic agba egwú.

Author V. Krasovskaja ( "History of Russian Ballet" - LA Art, 1978) na-ekwere na vitality na haa Peter m n'obí Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze e nwere egwú nke balet troupes, egwú na opera ọbù-abù kpọrọ si mba ọzọ.

Ná mmalite nke 1738 na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke balet hazie na mba, nke ghọọ, na mmetụta, ndị mbụ. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet nkenke na-agwa banyere oge a. Gụsịrị Akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ balet ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị mba ọzọ na-azara ọnụ na a na-akpọ ụlọ ihe nkiri (eme ihe nkiri, okwukwe). Ọ bụ naanị ihe e mesịkwara, ha kwetara na isi ọzọ.

The mbụ ọzụzụ

N'ịbụ nke oge a balet akụkọ ihe mere eme tụlee Land gentry agha. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka ama Zhan Batist Landzh, onye ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-etinye atọ ikpe ballets. Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet, ha ghọrọ fọrọ nke nta mbụ balet arụmọrụ, ndị niile dị mkpa iwu na iwu nchịkwa nke Royal Academy of Dance na French isi obodo.

Gentry agha Cadets wee akụkụ ke agụmakwụkwọ, poluharakternom in-a me na n'otu oge na-eweta a na-atọ ọchị balet troupes si Italy Thess.

Elizabeth m, ka ha ghara ida ndị zụrụ balet dancers, meghere ya agba egwú akwụkwọ nke ya n'iru eze, ma ndị mbụ set nke nke di 12 ụmụ nke ndị nkịtị.

Site na njedebe nke 1742, nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu aka iwu ka a balet troupe nke Russian dancers. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ na udo n'elu mbụ Russian kpakpando - ọkachamara balet dancers: Aksinya Baskakov na Athanasius Toporkov.

Ọ nwụrụ anwụ ọgwụgwụ

Ọnwụ Baptiste Lande eweta ndutịme ke choreography azụmahịa na mba. Ngosi, nke na-agba ndị Tesalonaịka, bụ nke otu ụdị na-agwụ ike burlesques. The nkiri na-adịghị na-adọta ndị dị otú ahụ nwetara.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet nkenke na-akọwa na oge. N'oge a na Europe na e nwere a ajụjụ na mgbanwe nke choreographic ikpe. Rousseau na Cinq-Mars achọ balet dancers tufuo lush uwe mwụda ma masks na wigs. Diderot ike na-atụ aro na-agbanwe agbanwe storylines balet arụmọrụ. Ka ọ dịgodị, Dzhon Uiver, enweghị na-eche na n'ozuzu mgbanwe, virus a na-agba egwú arụmọrụ enwe echiche akụkọ, Zhorzh Nover dere kpara "Leta nke agba egwú."

Ọ bụghị nnọọ na-akpata na Russian balet. Ọdịdị nke Hilferding - àmà. Nke a German ọkachamara ofu akụkọ choreography na St. Petersburg. Na Paris akụkọ ballets pụtara naanị afọ 15 mgbe e mesịrị. Hilferding nyeere Leopold Paradiso. Site na 50 nke afọ nke XVIII narị afọ, ha kere otu nọọrọ onwe ha balet ejije.

Malite ịrịba ama nwetara

The mbụ ejije na Russian balet bụ A. P. Sumarokovu. Ọ na-akwalite otuto egwu arụmọrụ, edemede ntọala ekewet balet arụmọrụ "ebe mgbaba nke omume ọma" na "New Obibi".

Gasparo Anzhiolini kpọrọ Eze choreographer, ịba ụba ihie nke Slavic ndiife song notok ewepụta balet eme "Fun maka Christmas oge." Catherine II ukwuu toro onodi. Na 1779, ndị Legislative Commission en Banc mma balet, na music maka bụ nke e dere na ndabere nke Slavic akụkọ ifo.

Mgbe dị a ezigbo ihe ịga nke ọma Anzhilini kwagara ụtọ egwuregwu nwetara, nke mere fun nke Nde achị. E mere nke a eulogies mkpọtụ: "The Triumph of Russia" (touted meriri ndị Turkish agha na Cahul na Larga), "The New Argonauts" (ebube ode na nsoro nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu) na-enwe Mmeri "echiche" (ọwụwa tide mkpa ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide ebe nile kịtịkpa).

mbụ ndị dike balet arụmọrụ "Semira" obere e mbụ nyefere. Site na oge choreographers e akwụ oké anya ka expressiveness nke a balet agba egwú. Maka dancers n'otu oge pụrụ ịbụ ọrụ n'aka na-atọ ọchị opera arụmọrụ nke na-abụghị mba ekiri fim, na pseudo-operatic-egosi, libretto n'ihi na nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu onwe ya ekewet.

Maka ọhụrụ 1778 na St. Petersburg (dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet, akwụkwọ n'ụzọ doro anya na-akọwa a pụrụ iche ihe omume) echere ekiri ama abụọ ekiri fim: azụmahịa "Free Ụlọ ihe nkiri" na ikpe.

The mbụ e wusiri ike dị iche iche

Na nkera nke abụọ nke XVIII narị afọ, ejiji bụ ịmụta nkà nke na-agba egwú. Na na n'oge 1773 n'okpuru tutelage nke Leopold Paradise na isi obodo na ndabere nke ụmụ mgbei meghere nke mbụ ọzụzụ center, bụ onye mechara ghọọ ọha mbụ nkiri. Ke akpa set e nwere 60 ụmụ. On mbụ choreographic arụmọrụ setịpụrụ Cosimo eme ememe Maddox, ọ na-ekwu n'akwụkwọ ya YU Bakhrushin.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet,-amụ na kọwara ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu, juputara n'ụtọ emepe oge a, nkà nke na-agba egwú. Maddox na a otu nke na-eto, ha mụtara na Russia, dancers haziri a na-atọ ọchị opera, choreography raara nye ezigbo ihe (ihe atụ, "The Na-nke Ochakovo"), na Divertimenti.

Megide a ndabere, ngwa ngwa wee malite ịkpa a serf nkiri. Ke akpatre afọ iri nke XVIII narị afọ ọ nọwo na-a maara nke ọma nnukwu mkpokọta serf eme ihe nkiri. Ìgwè ndị dị otú ndidi Zorich Golovkin, Apraksin, Sheremetyevo, Potemkin na ndị ọzọ nwe ala.

Otu oge hụrụ mmepe na Nwa nke nwaanyị na-agba egwú na Usoro na nkà imewe na-anọchite anya idaha. E nwere ọhụrụ omenala anụ ahụ na ogbo idaha, ebe ndị mara mma bụ dee a ezi uche style, iji egwuregwu ọkara onyinyo na ìhè.

The mmeri nke Russian balet

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet nke 19-20 ọtụtụ narị afọ bụ ihe jupụtara na iche iche. Site na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ balet art oji okè nke nke na-ekele ndị na-ege ntị. Russian Ballerina ịme n'ime choreography lightness, dị mma na okwu. Ọ bụ nnọọ n'ụzọ dabara adaba na-ahụ A. S. Pushkin, na-akọwa ịma mma nke na-agba egwú Nkea na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, kpakpando nke balet idaha, Istomin: "Mkpụrụ obi zuru nke ụgbọ elu" (nkebi okwu aghọwo agakọta na balet). Ya ọdịdị ihu na ịgba nke na-agba egwú mmegharị mmasị n'ebe. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri wee kpọmkwem Avdotya Istomin.

Ọ dịghị obere mara mma ndị Lihutina Anastasia, Catherine Teleshova, Danilova Mariya.

Ballet arụmọrụ na-inweta ewu ewu. Ballet agba egwú, dị ka nkà, ọ na-họọrọ, na ọ ekenyela ala ego.

Site newfangled karịrị "nsiridi" nke 60th afọ nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, omenala J.Randall kpuchie. The Russian nkiri nsogbu abịa. Na ekele na choreographies, ọ na-etinye ya na primitivism nke storyline, nke mgbanwe iji ụfọdụ agba egwú. Dancers onye ruru izu okè, na-enye na-agba egwu na ezi uche nwetara.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet na-aga a ọhụrụ larịị. The revival malitere na Petra Chaykovskogo, bụ onye dere music nke mbụ choreographic nwetara. Na dum akụkọ ihe mere eme nke balet, n'ihi na oge mbụ music aghọwo dị ka mkpa dị ka na-agba egwú. Na ọbụna pụtara na a par na opera music na symphonic ikwọ. Ọ bụrụ na music na Tchaikovsky dere n'okpuru egwu ọcha, ugbu a a balet omee plasticity, ije na amara na ọ chọọ iji kọwaa na egwú na ọnọdụ na mmetụta uche, karịa inyere onye nkiri ịkọwa ihe ibé, ndokwa site onye dere na ndetu. The ụwa ka nwee mmasị ma ama "Swan Lake."

Choreographer Gorsky ada ke nwetara nke dịkọrọ ndụ, ndị nke direction, m malitere na-akwụ oké anya na nka Framing idaha, kwere na onye nkiri a ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu mikpuru ihe na-eme na ogbo. Ọ machibidoro ojiji nke mime ọcha. N'ịgbanwe ịgbanwe ọnọdụ Fokine. Ọ di ndu na ihunanya balet na were aru asụsụ nke na-agba egwú ma doo anya na okwu. Dị ka Fokin, onye ọ bụla N'ime na ogbo ga-pụrụ iche. Ntụgharị music, na-agba egwú style na ụkpụrụ ga-abụ pụrụ iche ka a akpan akpan ele. Ke akpa isua nke XX narị afọ ọkwa filmed ya mmepụta "Ijipt, ehihie na abalị," "The Ịnwụ Swan", "N'etiti ọkọchị Night si Dream," "Acis na Galatea" na ndị ọzọ.

N'afọ 1908 Diaghilev S. P. Fokin kpọrọ ihe bụ isi na nduzi nke ndị Paris "Russian n'Oge". Na nke a na oku Fokin ghọrọ ụwa na-ama. A Russian balet nka ígwè kwa afọ mmeri na-eme ihe na French isi obodo. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet dancers otoro Russian troupe, ndi aha-mara n'ụwa nile: Adolf Bolm, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, wdg Ma ọ bụ n'oge ojuju nke European balet.!

Diaghilev were a ohere ma merie. Ọ chikọta a troupe eto eto na ndị nkà balet-eme ihe nkiri nye ha a free n'aka. Hapụrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'èzí kpuchie nke mara, nke na-etinye ma ama, ma na-ama nnọọ agadi Petipa.

Freedom of edinam nyeere dancers na-achọpụta na-egosipụta onwe ha. Tụkwasị na nke a revolutionary innovations Diaghilev dọtara decorating kasị ama nka nke ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ (Jean Cocteau, A. Derain, Picasso) na-arọ (K. Debissi, Ravel, Stravinsky). Ugbu a ọ bụla balet mmepụta bụ a masterpiece.

Mgbe October mgbanwe, ọtụtụ dancers na choreographers ekpe breakaway Russian. Ma idé nọgidere. Nwayọọ nwayọọ nso ka ndị mmadụ Russian balet. Pages nke akụkọ ihe mere eme n'azụ Ndinam ... ịhụ ndị ọzọ

Mgbe n'etiti XX narị afọ, dancers na choreographers nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ laghachiri idaha thumbnail echefu agba egwú, nchịkọta egwu na balet na ihe na-eme. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nka na ihe nkiri e mgbe niile na-eto eto.

"The Mmeri", Ballerina, balet nkatọ

Onye ama ama Russian agba egwú Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya malitere ịdị azụ ke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, September 11, 1915. Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị o wee banye na na 1933 ọma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Leningrad Choreographic School. Ọ na-amụ na ama Vaganova Agrippina. Site na oge 1941 Krasovskaja eje ozi Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Kirov. Ọ bụ ọrụ n'aka na ballets nke agụmakwụkwọ olu.

Na 1951, Vera M. gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Leningrad Ụlọ ihe nkiri Institute. Ostrovsky, mgbe isi ọzụzụ na ngalaba nke nkiri.

ọkachamara akwụkwọ natara Krasouskaya mbụ na klas nke Agrippina Vaganova, mgbe ahụ, postnovkah balet nke Mariinsky Ụlọ ihe nkiri, na a akụ na ụba nke ihe ọmụma nke Encyclopedic ọnụ ọgụgụ, ndị oké ozu, omenala omenala na pụtara iwu nke asụsụ (French na English), ikwe ka ọ ghọọ a amamiihe na maa kasị balet art nkatọ.

Na 1998, ozi ọma gbasaa nkiri ụwa. Premium "Triumph" merie Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet, nke o kwuru na akwụkwọ (ụfọdụ n'ime ha sụgharịa-asụ asụsụ ọzọ) na isiokwu (300) dị ka nkà akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nkatọ, mere Vera Mikhailovna eto eto, nke free "Triumph" Russian Award. Nke a na-agbata n'ọsọ bụ ọdịda maka ndị kasị elu rụzuru na art na akwụkwọ.

Na 1999 Krasouskaya Vera Mikhailovna ejewo.

akụkụ ikpeazụ

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian balet na ekele echekwa aha ndị bụ nna ukwu nke na-agba egwú, bụ ndị mere ka nnukwu ihe onyinye e guzobere Russian choreography. Nke a ọjọọ Didlo S., M. Petipa, A. Saint-Leon, S. Diaghilev, Fomin, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. A talent nke Russian nka sere na taa na-adọta a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-ekiri na gburugburu ụwa.

Ruo taa, Russian balet ụlọ ọrụ na-atụle ihe kasị mma n'ụwa.