The feat nke Minin na Pozharsky. Ezi Patriots of Russia

Afọ 12 Russia Smoot. 12 afọ Russia mgbe ọnwụ nke Ivana Groznogo n'ikwe ka a fever. Afọ 12, ọ dịghị na-adịgide adịgide onye na-achị ma ọ bụ ọchịchị. Na a mba ụnwụ, akuku ọdịda. E nwere a anana-ibat ọtụtụ ndị nduhie na dị nnọọ chọrọ inweta efu ocheeze. Otu Narị Afọ nke Crimea Tatars emeghị ọgụ, ma ha na-enweta na oge na iru Moscow na-ezu niile n'okporo ụzọ. Bịa na Swedes, na okporo osisi na-ekwu na ndị eze. On ụzọ na oké ọhịa juru ebe òtù ndị na-apụnara mmadụ. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ chikọta militia Minin na Pozharsky, ịzọpụta mba.

Boris eze

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Ivan IV ruo oge ụfọdụ n'ocheeze ya na-arịa ọrịa nwa Fyodor Ivanovich, onye na-lụrụ Irina Godunov. Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ, "osisi nke trustees", esịnede nke boyars. Ma ndị so na ya ngwa ngwa n'etiti a esemokwu. Dị ka a n'ihi nke inweta ukwuu ike nwanne Queen - Boris Godunov. Ọ bụ nwoke nke ala nke obi, ma keihuojoo. On ndụmọdụ ya, Fedor gbochiri ya ịrụ ọrụ nke a ma ama, na-eme ka ọnọdụ nke elu n'ohu nke Church, na n'ikpeazụ, mma ọnọdụ nke ndị ahịa na-ọkà iwu obodo ohu. Tsar Fedor, na-anwụ anwụ, ọ dịghị ụmụ, na nwanne ya nke nta Dmitry anwụ n'okpuru omimi ọnọdụ Uglich. Ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ Rurik usoro ndị eze. Zemsky Sobor elects eze Boris Godunov. Chain of coincidences na regularities bụghị nyere ka a ọhụrụ usoro ndị eze eze. A set nke ihe na mere mgbe n'omume mere Minin na Pozharsky. Afọ atọ na Russian ọdachi na ụnwụ: mmiri ozuzo wụsara ubi, n'oge frosts undersold owuwe ihe ubi. Na mba na e nwere a akukọ eze ọhụrụ bụ adịghị amasị Chineke. Ọtụtụ nkịtị gbagara n'ebe ndịda, idebe asị nke mbụ ha nwe. Old Moscow ama, ekworo nke Godunov, n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-egbochi ya na omume, na n'ikpeazụ di ndu na ndị agbata obi - okporo osisi na Swedes, ebe adịghị ike nke mba. Ha ifịk ifịk-etinye aka n'ihe omume ya n'ụzọ site n'izite agha ka Russia. Ọ ekemende chọpụta feat nke Minin na Pozharsky dị ka ndị nzọpụta nke nna.

Ònye bụ Onye mbụ pretender ocheeze?

Onye njem, ka arrogated ka ya onwe ya aha onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ na Uglich nke Tsarevich Dmitry. Enye nkwa nke Polish King Sigismund III ụzọ Orthodox Russia Katọlik, onye aghụghọ Dmitry m wakporo na agha na ókèala nke Russia. O skimp na nkwa inye pụọ Russian obodo na ala na ndị nyere ya ego maka ndị agha, ma si otú chikọta a nnukwu agha. Ọzọkwa, chioma nọnyeere ya. Tsar Boris nwụrụ na mberede, onye nọ na-akwadebe a ndochi. Ma nwa-isi Fedor Borisovich adịghị ike na, dị ka a show ọnọdụ, enweghị ike n'ocheeze. Minions ite ke Moscow Ụgha Dmitry m nnọọ gburu. Na na ọ nātu egwu Lzhedmitry Russian ama. Tsar Boris bụ ọzọ, ma ọ na-chọrọ. Boyars onwe ha mkpa ike. Iwusi ya ọnọdụ, ọ lụrụ a Catholic Marina Mniszek, ịdabere na-enyemaka nke nna ya, bụ gọvanọ. Orthodox na Catholic eze - a bụ nke ukwuu. Nke a bụ nke ikpeazụ ahịhịa, nke sochiri iwe bi na Moscow. Mgbe e mesịrị, na nke a ga-eme ka a feat nke Minin na Pozharsky.

Vasiliy Shuysky

Site a ogologo akara, nke a gụnyere ke velvet akwụkwọ ghọrọ eze knight mgbe ke Moscow bụ Polish agha ịzọpụta Ụgha Dmitry I. akwado Shuisky gburu Polish protege na Kremlin ulo nile, lie ya, ma e nweghị afọ ojuju, e gwupụtatụrụla ahu na ọkụ. Vasiliya Shuyskogo hoputara eze. Ma calmer na Russia bụ. Caressed nduhie ndịda na n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-na-ịkwado eze ọhụrụ. Karịsịa ndị na-asịrị na-agbasa Yuri Mniszek na Dmitry dị ndụ, ma gbuo eze abụọ. O nyere iwu na Sambor bụ a ọhụrụ ala Rọshịa bụ Dmitri, onye ga-emecha na-akpọ, na nke abụọ, na "Tushino". Moscow zitere a nnukwu agha akwụsịcha ime ndịda nnupụisi. Ma ndị nnupụisi na-esonyere ihe ndị ọzọ ọhụrụ nkeji, na eze e meriri ndị agha. The isi ọrụ bụ weghara Moscow. Bi na Moscow na-aghọta ihe ọbara ahụ ọ na-egwu, n'otu gburugburu Shumsky. Ọ bụ nnọọ siri itule nke agha. Ndị nnupụisi, ndị na-apụghị imeri na nso Kaluga na nso Tula, ukwuu na-enwe olileanya maka ntoputa nke a ọrụ ebube ọkọbọhọde "eze Dmitry Ivanovich." Ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị pụtara mgbe Minin na Pozharsky, na nzọpụta nke nna, onye maara ihe gaara a ọbara mere eme. Ka ọ dịgodị, Ụgha Dmitry II malitere njem na Moscow. Bryansk, Karachev, Kozelsk - ọ bụ ihe niile na ike ya. Camp ọ haziri na Tushino, nso Moscow. Ọ malitere ya nnọchibido. Bi na Moscow malitere agụụ. The ndị mmadụ kwere na mbilite n'ọnwụ nke ndị "ezigbo eze", na ọ nọ na-esonyere obodo Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Vologda, Pskov. Marina Mniszek ghọtara ozugbo na ọhụrụ Dmitry di ya. Otú ọ dị, a na-eto eto ikwu nke eze, a nnọọ onyinye ndú, a pathetic squad na 3000 meriri a merie n'elu Polish-Lithuanian agha. N'ihi na Moscow, na nso ọ maramara Korol Sigizmund, onye bu n'uche itinye nwa-ya n'ocheeze ahụ. Ọ bụghị a obodo ma a mwụfu ọbara, ma ọ bụghị Minin na Pozharsky, na nzọpụta nke nna, a ogologo oge ga-ahụhụ Russian ndị mmadụ. Ha kpamkpam kwụsịrị ịzụlite ala, ahia, na-edu a dị jụụ udo ndụ.

Izu ọjọọ megide Shumsky

Na-eto eto eto eto bụ ọjọọ, wee malite Shuiskis mmeri. The eze kwaturu na forcibly tonsured ka a mọnk. Ọchịchị jide Boyar Duma. Ha we nye - kwere Polish agha ka Moscow na kwetara na a Catholic bụ Orthodox Tsar. N'oge a, asi Dmitry II gbagara Kaluga, ebe ọ na-egbu. Bi na Moscow na-achọghị ka na-ahụ na ala ọzọ ha na dị ka Orthodox Tsar. Ogwe osisi na-azọpụta ọnọdụ, mụnye ọkụ Moscow. The enupụrụ ha kwụsịtụrụ.

Wee Russian losses

Okporo osisi were nọchigide Smolensk, ndị Swedes were Novgorod ala, na mara ọkwa na Swedish nwa eze n'ocheeze ya na Novgorod. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú, na Nizhny Novgorod Zemsky okenye Kuzma Minin (1568-1616) ọkwa fundraising maka ngwa agha. Ma ọ gọrọ agọ na ndị ahịa. Minin gbakọtara na n'ogige nile nke ndị ahịa 'nwunye ha na ụmụ na-achụrụ ndị ahịa, ya mere, ha zụtara ha na ezinụlọ. Dị otú ahụ aghụghọ recruited ego maka ndị agha. M hụrụ na ahụmahụ Governor - Prince Pozharsky (1578-1641).

omume agha

Na Yaroslavl agha nọrọ ọtụtụ ọnwa na-akwadebe agha ka ije na Moscow. Agha Minin na Pozharsky bụ n'ihe ize ndụ. N'oge a, ndị Prince Pozharsky zitere nke na-egbu. Naanị mmadụ na mberede-isi ka dị ndụ. Militias eche Moscow. Minin na Pozharsky na-alụ ọgụ na okporo osisi na n'okporo ámá nke obodo, na-akụ ha Kremlin na Kitai-Gorod. Na njedebe, mgbe ndị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na sieges okporo osisi nyefere na Moscow. Ma Korol Sigizmund III na a ọsọ ọsọ na-Moscow na achọ ocheeze ya. Ọtụtụ agha, na eze ama okpu gaa Poland. Ọ nọgidere na ndị kasị ibu na-enupu isi detachment Ataman Zarutsky, bụ onye ghọrọ atọ di nke Marina Mniszek, onye gbaghachi azụ n'okpuru Astrakhan, na mgbe ahụ, ọ nyawara na osimiri Yaik na-gburu.

mba dike

Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ a feat nke Minin na Pozharsky, na obere, na-azọpụta ndị Russian n'ala onye-iro, ọ bụ amaghị ogologo oge ọ ga ikpeazụ ọbara, na dị ka ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ ọchịchị nwere mepere emepe na-eme n'ọdịnihu, bụ nke e nnọọ nkọ ma na-ufiop, na ibu territorial weere: Zaporozhye, Smolensk, Chernihiv, akụkụ nke Karelia, ohere na Gulf nke Finland. The aku na uba na ndụ nke mba, kwa, wee banye ojuju. Ọ na-amaghị otú ọtụtụ ugboro intriguers nile di iche iche ga-adị njikere jidere na Russian ala na Russian onwe ha ghọọ njikere ohu. Prince Pozharsky chikọta nnọchiteanya ịhọrọ a eze ọhụrụ, na mgbe a ogologo arụmụka na ọchịchị na-eto eto Mikhail Romanov. Kuzma Minin e kwusara dumnyi nobleman. Prince Pozharsky e wuru si na-eje ozi na boyars. N'ihi ya biri nsogbu.