The sere "Black Square" by Malevich: pụtara a picture, a nkọwa nke

Otu narị afọ gara aga, ndị a abụọ okwu mere uche, ọ naghị enye fọdụrụ ka a ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ. The sere "Black Square" maka ihe ọ bụla si mba ọzọ na-amu amu art - kasị ama Russian ọrụ nkà - a nnọchianya nke echiche maka a ogologo oge tupu oge ọbụna ngwa ngwa XX narị afọ.

cataclysms oge artist

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich biri ndụ m, ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ yiri ka akara aka nke a nkọ charlatan si art, emewo ka a mgbaru ọsọ na-ọgaranya site na-ere abstruse chepụtara, ndị nnọchiteanya nke nke a hụrụ a otutu "ọkachamara" sere site Malevich "Black Square". A mụrụ ya na 1879 na Kiev, na a nnukwu ezinụlọ mmepụta faili na a sugar factory. Ọchịchọ bụ isere site na nwata, ma ala ego na-adịghị ekwe ka na-enweta mgbe art agụmakwụkwọ, na-amanye n'oge amalite arụ ọrụ ndụ dị ka a draftsman.

Na Kursk, ebe ọ kpaliri Malevich ezinụlọ, ọ haziri a gburugburu nke art ndị hụrụ na malitere ịkwadebe ịbanye Moscow School of sere, nke unsuccessfully gbalịrị ime na 1905 - na o nweghị ịga akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na Casimir ama a na ezinụlọ mmadụ, ọ kwagara Moscow, kụziri a onwe akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Imperial Academy nke Arts F. I. Rerberga na ifịk ifịk atụ ke ọrụ nkà mkpakọrịta, mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị kasị oké - dị ka "Jack nke Diamonds", "Donkey ọdụ" , "Blue onye na-agba" na na. d.

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New Era kagburu ụkpụrụ ochie. Ejighi echiche nke graphic atụmatụ ajụ art, Panèl oge were foto na nascent film, na-amanye ndị na-ese ihe na-enwe ịchọpụta na ụdị. Social na ụba mgbanwe mere adịghị mkpa na mbụ isiokwu, ifịk ifịk emetụta search maka ọhụrụ ọdịnaya canvases.

Malevich biri n'etiti nka ndụ agwagbuwo kacha elu na ọnọdụ: dere impressionistic Okirikiri, wee akụkụ ke controversial omume nke Futurists (eg - na-eje ije Kuznetsky Bridge na osisi spoons na ha buttonholes), na-ese ke ẹbọ nke cubism, ewepụtawo ya style - "abstruse nsiridi ", e mere n'akwụkwọ kasị avant-garde ede abụ uri dị ka A. gbagọrọ na Velimir Khlebnikov. Ọnụ na Mayakovsky tọhapụrụ "Taa splint ', na-egosipụta ihe ndị mere na mbụ World War.

"Victory n'elu Sun"

Ọbụna na 1913, e nwere ndị na n'ụzọ dị ukwuu kpebisiri ike okike ndụ nke Malevich. Na St. Petersburg kwadoro "The First All-Russian Congress nke Futurists", nke e gara site atọ ndị mmadụ: na nchepụta nke a asụsụ ọhụrụ - "zaum" - Aleksey Kruchonyh, a supporter nke egwú dissonance Michael Matyushin na-arụsi ọrụ ike iro nke ihe atụ sere Kazimir Malevich. N'ihi nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ na-arụ ọrụ abụọ arụmọrụ nke opera "Victory n'elu Sun", gụnyere ndị mere nke avant-garde art. Ọ bụ site na ebe a na mbụ Malevich sere "Black Square" - dị ka motif pụtara dị ka a backdrop na ebe ndị mara mma na 1st omume nke opera.

Isiokwu bụ isi nke opera bụ ọmụmụ nke ọhụrụ, na engine nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, nke nwere ike na-eme mgbe mbibi zuru ezu nke ụwa ochie. Nke a isiokwu a gụnyere na-abụghị ọkachamara-eme ihe nkiri na mma ekike dabeere na osise site Malevich, asị aghọta, ma okwu "ihe efu", a aga n'etiti ịtụnanya mma n'okpuru aka ike atonal ụda amịpụtara si a nkụda mmụọ piano. The arụmọrụ biri na asịrị, t. E. ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ na-enweta.

"0,10" ngosi

Dịkọrọ ndụ kwuru Malevich nwere ikike dịrị n'otu gburugburu ya artists ikpokọta n'ịwa echiche. Ma ọbụna n'ihi na ya na-akwado na ọ bụ a zuru ezu anya ngosi nke 39 osise kwadebere maka ngosi, nke meghere December 19, 1915 na gallery N. Dobychina na ndị Champ de Mars na Petrograd. The aha "Ọdachi Iri" pụtara efu ebumnobi forms na eserese na iri exhibitors (ezie na e nwere 14). Ọ bụ nke mbụ ya na e nwere foto nke "igbe oji" - a foto were ya na "red nkuku", ebe-abụkarị enịm oyiyi. The artist onwe ya eyịride ihe osise na abalị n'ihu oghere, dere, sị akwụkwọ ịma ọkwa na edebe ụbọchị izu, nke a kwadebere a manifesto "Site Cubism ka Suprematism. New ajụ nsiridi. " N'ihi ya ọ ghọrọ isi nke a ọhụrụ nkà ije, onye nnọchiteanya bụ sere "Black Square". The ngosi e ẹkedọhọde dị ka "Ikpeazụ Futurist", ma na definition nke ya dị ka a ntughari ka Suprematism, dị ka aro site Malevich, ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-ekwenyeghị - oke echiche dị nnọọ iche kwusara artist.

Suprematism

The aha na-abịa site Latin supremus - kasị elu - na Polish supremacja - elu, elu. The usoro iwu mmepe nke a ọhụrụ style of Malevich kwuru banyere dominance nke irrelevance ka akọwapụta e ji mara ezi art. Tọhapụrụ ihe atụ sere na-aghọ ihe na-egosi dị ọcha e kere eke, dị ka Chineke, na ihe osise "Black Square" n'echiche a nwere a quality pervokletki, isi mmewere nke ụwa ọhụrụ.
Ọzọ pụtara okwu Malevich ngosipụta nke oké egwu mkpa ọhụrụ eziokwu kere site isi ngwá ọrụ ọ na-eji - na agba, e, mfe geometric iche-iche. The mbụ Suprematist motifs, gụnyere eserese Kazimira Malevicha "Black Square", nwere a pụrụ iche expressiveness dabeere na nkenke agba ikwọ, ọ bụghị na-ekpu linear na efe n'elu n'ọnọdụ, n'iṅomi olu na na. D. Na-eme n'ọdịnihu, mmepe nke ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi were ụdị mmetụta na dị iche iche Genres - supremacist ígwè mejupụtara nke mmadụ ọgụgụ pụtara ọbụna atọ akụkụ ọcha - "architectons" okwu na-Malevich echiche na -eme n'ọdịnihu ije.

Ndabere nke ụwa ọhụrụ kere site artist nwere otu isi okwu - "Black Square". The pụtara foto nke atọm kpebisiri uru nke a na-adịghị wuru nkewa nke ẹdude ụwa na ọhụrụ, ndị ọzọ eziokwu na di iche iche nke ụwa nyere ngwọju-anya ọbụla na "Black Square". Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

Apotheosis nke irrelevance

Ekwusa onwe ọcha art of n'usoro ichikota atụmatụ nke eziokwu, ọ bụ na-ese na-abịa-apụghị izere ezere na ọnwụ nke ọ bụla ihe atụ, ma ọ bụ ịchọ mbụ udi, nke bụ omume na-ikewapụ n'ime constituent ọcha. Nke a bụ isi ihe na mmewere na-achọta Malevich - "Black Square". The pụtara ndise bụ na echiche na-emepụta site na ya, adịghị adabere na ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ ọdịnaya, si mkpakọrịta na ebumnobi ụwa, kpọmkwem zoro na allusions. The ọrụ e kenyere Wizard adịghị mfe, ọ na-achọ na òkè nke onye nkiri, na voltaji nke ya ike ime mmụọ, ọnụnọ ya nke ụfọdụ akpa. Na mgbe ọ na-adịghị enye azịza ndị doro anya, na-anọchi anya a ụzọ ọhụrụ na-amụta nke ndụ, na bụ na nzube nke art?

Agba - ndabere nke oge a sere

The aha ya zuru ezu ya kasị ama sere nwe denoted site "Black Suprematist square na a na-acha ọcha na ndabere." N'ihi na onye na-ese na ọkà ihe ọmụma, lee, ọ dị mkpa ka ọ bụla okwu, n'ihi na n'ọkwá nke na agba, ya bụ isi underlies na Suprematism. Ị nwere ike ịchọta a nkọwa nke sere "Black Square" by Malevich, ebe agba nke agba etinyere na kwaaji, ọ bụ a mgbagwoju ngwakọta nke dị iche iche shades, otu nke e nweghị anya nwa ọcha bezels akpọ ọkụ ude shades.

O yiri ka ọ bụ ihe amamihe maka ukwu, mgbe ọ na-eme ndị ọzọ nzọụkwụ - ke ọwọrọetop usoro nke "na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha" mgbe expressiveness nke sere dabeere aghụghọ agba mmekọrịta n'etiti ụgbọ elu. The sere "Black Square" - a nkwupụta nke na-achị na agba, ndị kasị mkpa, ịrịba, iche. Ọ bụ ezie na nghọta nke oji dị ka a n'ihi nke Ịgwakọta nke isi na agba (na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-atụ, spektral na ndị ọzọ), emesi mkpa nke a nkwupụta.

Energy na ìhè

Sịkwa ihe e kwuru banyere a black square hụrụ na Malevich ọrụ na imewe nke futuristic opera "Victory n'elu Sun". Description nke sere "Black Square", nkọwa nke a na-acha ọcha ndabere na nke a na-etinye ihe opaque siri ike ọgụgụ dị ka a ìhè batter nke na-aga ịdakwasị ákwà, pụtara na onye na-ese na-ege ntị, na karịsịa organically na onodu nke ihe na-eme opera.

Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya otú Malevich jisiri ịkọ sinik ebe na aghọwo Nde mgbe ọkara narị afọ. Ad Reinhardt, Sol LeWitt, obi abụọ adịghị, nọ na-aga n'okporo ụzọ gosiri site "Black Square". Na Mark Rothko si agba na ume vibration laconic ụdị enweta w ọnụ ọgụgụ, na n'aka okwu nke a ike bụ yiri Suprematist fọrọ nke nta n'ụzọ nkịtị.

Ọ na-amaghị otú ihe bụ maka Malevich ụkpụrụ na-eduzi mmadụ mere forms, mfe Ọhụrụ n'akụkụ nke square, ripple ndabere na ọkụ nwa, ma ihe na-eme ka inyobanye picture na nkeji omimi radieshon-ya nime ya na-aghọ ndị gbara ọkpụrụkpụ.

Na nsogbu nke echiche, ọgwụgwụ nke art?

Banal appropriation nke nkà amamihe amụma àgwà, ma na ikpe nke Malevich si amuma bụ ìhè. E nwekwara doro anya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ apocalyptic motifs, nke nyere Malevich "Black Square". The pụtara foto ha hụrụ na a nwụrụ anwụ ọgwụgwụ, nke mere ka nkà nke sere, na karịsịa, mmepe nke na-elekọta mmadụ echiche.

Ndị na-adị ọrụ nke ezi nkà e kwuru gharazie ịba uru, na square hụrụ a eke N'ihi nke okike searches formalists. Sịkwa na e nwere a akụkọ mgbe na mgbe ọ hụrụ "Black Square", Picasso efu mmasị Cubism - akpali ọzọ gaa ... Unu tinye nchekwube abịa a oge nke agha na a doro anya ujo ihe nwere ike ime nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu revolutionary upheavals.

Ma, site n'elu oge gafeworonụ na slogans kwusara site Malevich, nụrụ oku chọta ụzọ ọhụrụ, na agugo nke ochie ụzọ nke na-egosipụta a na-agbanwe agbanwe ụwa adịghị ka ọchịchị kasị. Nke a na-egosi na ihe ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ nke onye-nwe-na-eso ụzọ ya viability nke echiche ya.

arụtụ otstcheta

Malevich kwaaji ka excites oké nkọwa, nke excites ndị artist aha na ego ugwo maka mbụ picture - na "ndị na-akatọ" bụ ndị nwere nwa-amaghị nwoke na ọgụgụ isi. Na n'ụzọ ụfọdụ ha kweere na a efu uru nke ndị dị otú art. Na nwa onu, na-adọrọ ìhè okwu nke ezi nkà ụkpụrụ, na yiri ukwuu ẹkekpemede nke ime mmụọ na ọdịnala ụkpụrụ omume.

Ka ọ dịgodị, aha Malevich maara na ọ bụla ga-eme n'ọdịnihu artist, mmebe ma ọ bụ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ụwa, Suprematism nwere mmetụta na ndị kasị ama dịkọrọ ndụ artists. Ka ihe atụ, na-ede akwụkwọ nke àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ n'oge a forms na ụlọ na gburugburu nwoke - Zaha Hadid - emesi ike mmetụta nke echiche nke Russian artist na niile arụ ọrụ ya.

Ihe ị chọrọ ime na a sere "Black Square"

Ị pụrụ ibi ndụ na-enweghị na-eche echiche banyere na-az a ndụ ntụsara, ịhụ ụwa dị iche iche karịa ndị ọzọ. na-arụ ụka na ndị enyi na-iro, na-eme na-eso ụzọ, na-agbalị ka o doo ndị correctness nke steeti ike na-ada ogbenye ma biri n'ala ọzọ, na-anwụ anwụ site na a na-egbu mgbu na ọrịa bụ ma agadi ma gbanwee ha onwe olili ozu na òkè avant-garde art.

Ma, gịnị mere siere ihe? Kanvas, a obere bit nke agba na a kacha nta nke sere nkà - njikere masterpiece nke ụwa mkpa. Na ọbụna mma - kọmputa edezi na elu-àgwà na ngwa nbipute - mere smoother, ihe ziri ezi, na ihe mara mma ... na ọtụtụ ihe - anaghị eme ka extra itinye uche, n'ihi na ihe niile bụ otú ahụ dị mfe ...