The thyroid gland. Ịrịba ama nke ọrịa na hyper- na hypothyroidism.

Thyroid - bụ otu n'ime ndị isi endocrine glands, homonụ nke mezie metabolic Filiks nke ahu. Ọ na-emi odude ke n'olu, n'ihu nkọlọ. a aru uka na nkezi, si 30 40 grams. Morpho-ọtọ unit nke thyroid follicular mkpụrụ ndụ, nke kpụrụ abụọ dị mkpa iodinated homonụ: thyroxine na triiodothyronine, nakwa dị ka onye na-abụghị iodized - calcitonin. The ọtọ nzube nke ndị a homonụ bụ:

• ifịk mmetuta nke cellular ọcha ke ọxịdashọn Filiks;
• ụkpụrụ nke mmiri, abụba, ịnweta, carbohydrate, protein metabolism;
• isonye na na mmepe nke dum organism;
• mmetụta na Central ụjọ usoro.

Thyroid, ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa nke na-akpata ma ọ bụ ya hypofunction ma ọ bụ hyperfunction, na-erube isi akara nke pituitary-gipotalomicheskoy usoro. The hypothalamus, kachasi regulator ma ọ bụ reducer nke neuroendocrine usoro, na ihu pituitary bụ nnọọ nkịtị na onye ahụ dị mma na-efu nke mgbagwoju neurochemical Jeremaya mere enye akara thyroid ọrụ. Ọ bụ site na mma-achikota ọrụ abụọ ndị a na anatomical owuwu na-adabere na-ewusi ike na mmepụta nke homonụ na thyroid follicles na ha mpe na selata ha mmepụta mgbe ahụ imirikiti ndị a dị nnọọ mkpa na ọ dị mkpa biologically ifịk bekee.

Thyroid (ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa, ya hyperfunction pụta ìhè na-apụghị imeri arọ, oké sweating na ụjọ excitability) ihe ndị ọzọ achịkwakwa ọbara mgbali. Ya mere, na mgbakwunye na nke n'elu ihe ịrịba ama nke overproduction nke thyroid homonụ, ọ dị ihe ọzọ dị mkpa - a persistent na-ejighị n'aka na-abawanye na ọbara mgbali, ọ bụ ike ugbu a na-emeso ya na antihypertensive ọgwụ ọgwụ. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a compensatory abawanye na a ahụ, ihe bụ thyroid gland, mgbaàmà nke ya na nke a na-anọchi anya ndị na-esonụ mkpesa:

• mmetụta n'elu-tightness;
• adịghị eru ha ala na erughị ala na olu uzo;
• ndim nke cervical region;
• Exophthalmia (ili 'ọrịa);
• ụkwara ume ọkụ;
• palpitations, amụba nwetụrụ exertion;
• ụra disturbances;
• ala-ọkwa fever;
• mụbara agụụ, nke bụ nnọọ aka-esi ka mma;
• Ugboro afọ ọsịsa;
• enweghị isi na ogwe wdg

All a na-eje ozi dị ka a na-egbuke egbuke-adakarị foto nke asị ibe nsí goiter, mgbaàmà nke ọrịa a bụ otú catchy na mgbagwoju anya goiter na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ daa ọrịa ga-esi nnọọ ike. A kpamkpam dị iche iche ọnọdụ na-egosi na belata ọrụ nke thyroid gland. Mgbaàmà nke ọ na-emegidekwa: onye ọrịa lethargic, enweghị mmasị, abụba na o yiri ka "mmiri" na anya, onye ọrịa ahụ mgbe niile na ị chọrọ na-ehi ụra, agụụ na-ebelata, ma ọ dịghị aka ya ifelata. Ọkụkụ nke obi otu ebe, ma onye na-adịghị, ala ala afọ ntachi. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị thyroid gland, ihe mgbaàmà nke nke ọrịa na-metụtara myxedema, nwekwara ike na-ubé ụba. Otú ọ dị, nke a hypertrophy anaghị enwe ọganihu dị ka thyrotoxicosis.

A pụrụ iche ọnọdụ na-adị mgbe e nwere a hardening nke thyroid gland. A yiri onu n'akparamagwa autoimmune thyroiditis, nke a na-ezo dị ka "goiter Hoshimoto", nakwa dị ka ala ala fibrous thyroiditis, ma ọ bụ "goiter Riedel". Ọgwụgwụ N'ihi bụ ma enweghị nchịkwa Filiks nnọchi glandular thyroid anụ ahụ connective anụ ahụ nke ndammana emepụta thyroid homonụ ghara. Abụọ ndị a ọrịa iduga nkwarụ ọrịa. Ha mgbe niile kwesịrị ime ka ọdịiche dị site cancer na-ekwu.