Acid salts

Ọ bụrụ na ndị acid otu ma ọ bụ niile hydrogen atọm nnọchianya ọzọ cation, dị chemical umi na-akpọ nnu. Metal ma ọ bụ ammonium otu a molekul mgbe niile nwere a mma ọxịdashọn ala na na-akpọ cations. Acid fọduru a na-akpọ anion. All salts kpụrụ na ọla na nke Group IA nke oge table, na-soluble. Banyere salts kpụrụ IIa otu ọla, ha solubility dịgasị.

E na-ajụ, ọ bụrụ na ihe nile nke hydrogen molekul na polybasic acid a nnọchianya ọzọ cation, nakwa dị ka acid salts, ma ọ bụrụ na, na mgbakwunye na nke metal cations ma ọ bụ ammonium bụ ugbu a ghaghị ebubo hydrogen. Dị ka ihe atụ, nkịtị salts nwere ike-zoro:

- magnesium sulfate MgSO4;

- aluminum sulphate Al2 (SO4) 3;

- ammonium phosphate (NH4) 3PO4;

- sodium carbonate Na2CO3.

Dissociation nke salts ajụ n'akparamagwa na nti metal cations na-adịghị mma anions acid fọduru. Aha nkezi salts ewepụtara ihe acid na aha ya na-akpụ cation.

Acid salts na-kpụrụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu nnọchi nke hydrogen na a metal ma ọ bụ ammonium otu. N'ihi ya, ha iso nke a metal, hydrogen na ihe acid fọduru. Ha guzobere-ekwe omume nanị maka polybasic asịd. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị dị otú ahụ ogige:

- sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3;

- sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4;

- sodium hydrogenphosphate Na2HPO4;

- potassium hydrogen sulfate KHSO4.

Na ha ugbu aha nganiihu "hydro" (ma ọ bụrụ na onye unsubstituted hydrogen cation) ma ọ bụ "dihydro" (ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere abụọ unsubstituted hydrogen cations).

The okenye agbanwe agbanwe nke acid salts na-dissociated na-ezighị ezi anions n'ụdị anions, nakwa dị ka abụọ na ụdị mma cations (metal ion na hydrogen): NaHSO4 ↔ Na + + H + + SO4ˉ ˉ. Hydrolysis acidic salts kpụrụ na ike asịd, okenye na-ajụ nwere a onye Onyenwe anyị + nke na-erughị 7, n'ihi ya aha ndị a salts. The hydrolysis nke acid salts ewepụtara na-adịghị ike asịd (e.g., hydrogen), ihe ngwọta na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụ alkaline, i.e. a onye Onyenwe anyị + nke dịkarịa ala 7.

Ọ bụrụ na nkezi salts pụrụ inweta n'ihi na mmekọrịta nke metal na acid, na ụzọ ndị ọzọ, ndị nkwadebe nke acid salts dabeere na mmeghachi omume na ngafe nke:

• a polybasic acid na nkezi nnu. N'ihi ya nwetara sodium hydrogensulfate: H2SO4 + Na2SO4 → 2NaHSO4, mmiri soluble diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2HPO4: H3PO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4) 2HPO4 ma ọ bụ calcium carbonate: CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O → Ca (HCO3) 2;

• a polybasic acid na alkali. Dị ka ihe atụ, dabere na nnata nke dihydrogen bụ barium mmeghachi omume akụkụ: 2H3PO4 + Ba (OH) 2 → Ba (H2PO4) 2 + 2H2O. Emetụta alkali acid salts, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-na ngwaahịa nke na-ezughị ezu neutralization nwere ike nweta nnukwu nnu ọzọ;

• acidic oxide na alkali otú nwetara calcium carbonate: 2CO2 + Ca (OH) 2 → Ca (HCO3) 2.

Ọ maara na hydrocarbons adịghị adị na ọcha, nke chere ihu na nri na oge Isiokwu Groups IIa, na ihe siri ike hydrocarbons na-nwetara naanị maka otu IA ọcha.

Nnu na ọtụtụ-eji dị iche iche ọrụ, ma ụfọdụ n'ozuzu ntụziaka nke ha were bụ bụghị dị ka ihe niile n'otu n'otu. Ngwa nke ụdị nnu na-adabere na Njirimara nke chemical ogige ma kpebisiri ike site na aku na uba feasibility.

N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ammonium hydrogenphosphate (NH4) 2HPO4 eji dị ka site-ammonium mgbagwoju fatịlaịza na oru ugbo. Ke adianade do, nke a compound na-eji na-alụ ọgụ ọkụ: ọkụ na-echebe ha hazie dị iche iche owuwu. Ọzọkwa, (NH4) 2HPO4 na-eji dị ka nwekwara na mmepụta nke ụfọdụ akara ule sịga.

Sodium hydrosulfite NaHSO3 eji maka bleaching nke dị iche iche ihe na photos.

Calcium bisulfite Ca (HSO3) 2 bụ a bara uru akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke cellulose si osisi.

Bisulfites na-acidic salts nke sulfurous acid, H2SO3, akụkụ nke ọgwụ epinephrine, na na-eji molekụla usoro ndu.

Hydrogensulfates KHSO4 na NaHSO4 sodium potassium na-eji dị ka a agbanwe oge na-abụghị ferrous nkà mmụta banyere ígwè.

Sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3 - umi, ọtụtụ ndị mara acid adianade salts. Ya ntọhapụ na Sterlitamak (ụlọ ọrụ "soda") dị ka nkọwa weputara GOST 2156-76. Sodium bicarbonate na-eji na nri, chemical na ọgwụ ọrụ, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ.