The ụdị enyemaka nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu. The minerals nke Siberia Platform

Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu, ma ọ bụ. dị ka ọ na-akpọ, na Eastern Siberia Platform, iji dị iche na West Siberia bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ihe nke ọmụmụ nke Russian geology. On ya n'ókèala nwere ịrịba ịnweta ego, ke adianade do, ọmụmụ nke e guzobere na ya ugbu obodo bụ na-akpali si na a kpere ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu. Subsoil na ahụ efe ụdị Siberia ikpo okwu ejikere uche nke ihe karịrị otu ọgbọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ka anyị, anyị ga-obibi na isi metụtara a na ngalaba nke continental jikọrọ ọnụ.

obodo ebe

Mbụ niile chọpụta ebe geographically bụ ntọala nke na Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu. Ya isi uka na-emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Russia si Siberia na Siberia na Far Eastern Federal Districts. Na Negeb, na n'elu ikpo okwu na-abịakwute n'ókèala Mongolia.

Site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya bụ eke ókè nke ọwa nke Yenisei River, ke edem edere - ugwu Byrranga na Taimyr Peninsula nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na Lena River n'ebe ndịda - Yablonovy ridges, na-aghọ Dzhugdur na Pribaikalskaya usoro mmejọ.

The geological ngalaba Siberia Platform bụ akụkụ nke Yurop lithosphere efere na-emi odude ke n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ya. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya dịrị Western Siberia Platform, n'ebe ndịda - na Ural-Mongolian belt, n'Iru-anyanwu - Western Pacific mpaghara, na ugwu-splashing mmiri nke Arctic Ocean na ọtụtụ nke afọ, na-ezo n'okpuru ice.

History of agụmakwụkwọ

Ugbu a, ka ịmụta otú na-etolite na kwekọrọ ekwekọ enyemaka nke Siberia ikpo okwu maka ọtụtụ nde afọ nke geological Filiks a kpụrụ.

Nke a continental ebe nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ bụ a ụdị oge ochie nyiwe, ma ọ bụ cratons. N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, ọ malitere azụ ke Precambrian oge, nke pụtara na kacha nta, afọ ndị dị otú ahụ formations 541 nde afọ. Ha na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka guzobere kọntinent, na-aghọ ha isi.

Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu na-ezo aka na ụdị Laurasian. Nke a pụtara na na Mesozoic oge, ọ bụ a akụkụ nke Afrika Laurasia. Ma ogologo oge tupu oge a malitere udi oge ochie Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu. Landform malitere udi azụ na Archean ugboro, ie dịghị mgbe e mesịrị karịa 2.5 ijeri afọ gara aga. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ na-ubé yiri oge a. Akpụ ntọala e dechara na mmalite nke Proterozoic oge, njedebe nke nke n'elu ikpo okwu e kpuchie na-emighị emi oké osimiri, mmetụta dị ukwuu guzobe nke sedimentary cover. Na mbubreyo Ordovician n'elu ikpo okwu bụ na ókèala nke Afrika Angarida. Mgbe e mechara, ya na ndị ọzọ na-enye ụwa ama merged n'ime otu Afrika - Pangea. Na Mesozoic, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, na Siberia Platform West Siberia efere na East European n'elu ikpo okwu, mgbe nkewa nke Pangea, guzobere Laurasia Afrika. Mgbe ya na ida Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu na-a akụkụ nke Eurasia.

Nke ahụ bụ banyere na kpụrụ Siberia Platform.

Ọdịdị

Ọdịdị nke Siberia ikpo okwu yiri Ọdịdị nke ihe ndị ọzọ nile oge ochie nyiwe. Na ntọala ya bụ a ntọala kpụrụ azụ na Archean na n'oge Proterozoic oge. Top ntọala ekpuchi oké nkume nke sedimentary cover, kpụrụ na a gasịrị afọ, bụ isi dị ka a ngwaahịa magma eme. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na n'oge ochie, ọ bụ a na mpaghara na-elu mgbawa ugwu ahụ na magma pụta si ngiri-afọ nke ụwa, kpụrụ cover nke ọnyà. Ma n'ebe abụọ ntọala ikpo okwu ka na-abịa ka elu. Mkpụrụ Precambrian nkume na n'elu a na-akpọ ọta.

Solid okụre iso nke atọ nkume: greenstone, granular belt, nakwa dị ka mgbagwoju na para- orthogneisses.

Ọta Siberia Platform

Na ókèala nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu, e nwere abụọ mbadamba - na Anabar na Aldan.

Aldan dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke n'elu ikpo okwu. Ọdịdị ala nke ebe a na-akpọ Aldan ala dị larịị.

Anabar echebe dị nta na metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ na n'ebe ugwu nke n'elu ikpo okwu na ókèala ndị Central Siberia Plateau, n'ebe a na-mara dị ka Anabar ala dị larịị. Oke elu-ya n'elu oké osimiri larịị bụ 905 mita.

Central Siberia dị larịị

Ugbu a, ka anyị hụ ihe ya anya ka oge a na enyemaka nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu.

Isi akụkụ nke ókèala bụ Central Siberia Plateau. Ọ kọrọ na eri oké nri nke ala ridges na elu ugwu dị larịị. The kasị elu ala dị larịị ebe - Mount Stone. Ọ na-emi odude ke Midlands Putorana na nwere a elu nke 1701 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Ma nkezi elu nke Central Siberia Plateau bụ naanị 500-800 mita. Ke adianade do, na nke a dị larịị kwesịrị ekenyela Anabar ala dị larịị, nke anyị kwuru dị n'elu. Ọ bụ a protrusion Anabarskiy echebe elu. The kasị elu mgbe ndị dị larịị - 905 mita n'elu oké osimiri.

Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ala dị larịị daputara na Yenisei Ridge, nke n'out oge na-eje ozi dị ka a ókè ya na Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu dị ka a dum. Ya nkezi elu bụ 900 mita n'elu oké osimiri dị, ma ọ na-eru a kacha n'Ugwu Enashimsky Polkan na bụ 1104 m. Na Yenisei Ridge, ụgha ndị West Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu.

N'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ókè nke ala Central Siberia Plateau bụ Angarsk riiji. The nkezi elu bụ n'etiti 700 na 1000 mita n'elu oké osimiri, na kacha - 1022 m.

N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Central Siberia Plateau, na ya mere kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụdị enyemaka nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu, were were n'ime Tsentralnoyakutskuyu ndagwurugwu. N'ụzọ ọzọ, ọ ka na-akpọ Tsentralnoyakutskoy ma ọ bụ Leno Vilyui larịị. The ukwuu akụkụ nke ya n'ókèala nke a kacha elu karịa elu oké osimiri adịghị gafere 100-200 m, ma ná mpụga ruo 400 mita.

Landform Siberia ikpo okwu kama larịị na n'ime ime watersheds. Ya mere, ndị a watersheds elu adịghị gafere 400-600 mita. Karịsịa, okwu a na-ezo aka na ókè nke efere nke Angara River, na Lower Tunguska na Vilyuya.

Ndị ọzọ ihe nke enyemaka nke Siberia Platform

N'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Central Siberia Plateau ụgha Aldan ala dị larịị. N'adịghị ka ndị n'elu ihe, ọ bụghị akụkụ nke dị larịị, ma, o sina dị, akụkụ nke Siberia Platform, na-anọchite anya a mkpụrụ n'elu ya crystalline ọta. Ọ bụ na ókèala nke Aldan Plateau bụ kasị elu mgbe ndị Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu, na-eru a elu karịa elu oké osimiri na 2306 mita. Ma, ọtụtụ nke Highlands nwere a elu adịghị nnọọ otu puku mita.

Landform Siberia Platform na oké South-East nwere a ugwu ugwu agwa. Ebe a, na Khabarovsk Territory, emi odude Dzhugdzhugur n'ugwu. Ọ bụ ezie na nkezi elu nke mgbagwoju dị elu karịa Aldan ugwu, kachasi elu Topko usụhọde na size nke kasị elu mgbe nke ala dị larịị. Mountain oku nwere a elu nke 1906 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Ogologo Dzhugdzhugur ugwu si n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Okhotsk Sea bụ 700 kilomita.

Ya mere, anyị maara n'ozuzu okwu, ihe bụ ụdị enyemaka nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu.

hydrography

Ugbu a, tụlee isi mmiri ozu ndị Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu. Dị ka a na-achị, ha mbụ ọnọdụ dabeere teren, na na mgbe ahụ, mgbe ya inception, osimiri nakwa n'ọdọ mmiri, nke dị na mpaghara a pụtara nnukwu ego, ha na-amalite na-emetụta guzobe nke chakoo.

The kasị waterway - Yenisey - bụ eke n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa osimiri, nke ogologo bụ 3487 mita.

Ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu ókè nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu, na a nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, bụ ihe ọzọ na nnukwu osimiri - Lena. Ọ bụ ezie na akụkụ nke ọ na-eburu ya mmiri kpọmkwem site n'elu ikpo okwu ebe. Ogologo ya dị 4400 km.

Na Ndida nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu na a obere ebe dị na kọntaktị na n'ala ala ọdọ n'ụwa - Lake Baikal.

Otu n'ime ndị ọzọ isi waterways eru site na Siberia Platform, mata Angara River, na Lower Tunguska Viluy.

Mineral ndịda Siberia Platform

Ugbu a, anyị ga-enyocha ihe minerals nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu. Ọ ga-kwuru na mama Nature nyere ha a na mpaghara bukwanu quantities. Gịnị nọ na-na ngiri-afọ-nke Eastern Siberia Platform?

Aldansky ọta bụ ezigbo nchekwa nke ígwè ore. Ke adianade do, Aldan Plateau nwekwara mined ọla kọpa, coal, mica, na ọbụna gold.

Ma nke kasị mee nke ọlaedo na diamonds dị na ókèala Yakutia, nke bụ akụ nke Russia. N'otu mba mined "combustible nkume" na ókèala nke Lena coal efere.

Ọzọkwa, coal na Ngwuputa-ewe ebe ime nke tunguska Irkutsk na ọdọ mmiri na na-dị na ebe Yakutia Krasnoyarsk na Irkutsk mpaghara.

Mineral Northern Siberia Platform

The minerals nke Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu na ugwu nke ya, tumadi lekwasị ke ókèala ndị Anabar ọta. Ebe a na e nwere ego na nke apatite, anorthosite, titanomagnetites. Ọla kọpa na nickel na-mined gburugburu Norilsk.

Ma na mmanụ na gas, dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere ebe na Western Siberia, na ókèala ndị East-Siberia ogbenye n'elu ikpo okwu. Mgbe n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ugwu na-nwere mmanụ ubi, ma dị nta quantities.

ala

The topmost oyi akwa ekpuchi ebe ndị Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu, bụ ala. Tụlee ihe na ụdị ha na-anọchi anya na-amụ mpaghara.

Nyere na a ukwuu nke ndị Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu na-ekpuchi boreal ọhịa, ala, guzobere ebe a-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi a eke ebe. Ke edem edere - bụ permafrost apịtị n'ebe ndịda - sod-n'oké ọhịa. Na Negeb, nnukwu ebe ji site sod-podzolic Ona, mgbe ụfọdụ e nwere isi awọ ọhịa, na ọbụna ndị na nwa ụwa. Naanị nke ikpeazụ ụdị ala niile ndị a dị iche iche elu ọmụmụ.

General e ji mara Siberia Platform

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu - otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie geological formations na Earth. Relief na ọtụtụ ndị n'ókèala na-anọchi anya dị larịị, na na na ókè nke n'elu ikpo okwu na-gosikwa site dịtụ ala ugwu ma ọ bụ ugwu.

The mpaghara bụ bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu dị iche iche mineral. N'etiti ha ka anyị ga-egosi na ígwè ore, coal, apatite, gold na diamonds. E mmanụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ya bụ isi egosi na mpaghara akụ na ụba. Ma ala na ókèala nke n'elu ikpo okwu na-adịghị nwere a elu ọmụmụ.