Amphoteric oxides. Chemical Njirimara, a usoro maka akwadebe

Amphoteric oxides (enwe sọrọ Njirimara) - ọtụtụ mgbe metal oxides nke nwere ala electronegativity. Dabere na mpụga ọnọdụ igosipụta ọ bụla acidic oxide ma ọ bụ Njirimara. Ndị a oxides ii site mgbanwe ọla, nke a na-egosipụta na-esonụ ọxịdashọn ekwu, sị: LL, lll, LV.

Ihe Nlereanya nke amphoteric oxides: zinc oxide (ZnO), chromium oxide lll (Cr2O3), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), oxide LL tin (SnO), tin oxide LV (SnO2), ụzọ oxide LL (PbO), ụzọ oxide LV (PbO2) , titanium oxide LV (TiO2), manganese oxide LV (MnO2), ígwè oxide lll (Fe2O3), beryllium oxide (BeO).

The mmeghachi omume na-ahụkarị nke amphoteric oxides:

1. A oxides pụrụ imeghachi omume na ike asịd. N'ụdị a na salts ndị a otu ihe ahụ asịd. Jeremaya mere, nke a ụdị ndị a pụta ìhè nke Njirimara nke isi ụdị. Dị ka ihe atụ: ZnO (zinc oxide) + H2SO4 (hydrochloric acid) → ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate) + H2O (mmiri).

2. Na mmeghachi omume na ike alkalis amphoteric oxides, hydroxides igosipụta acidic Njirimara. Na nke a duality nke Njirimara (i.e., amphoteric) na-egosipụta na e guzobere abụọ salts.

Na gbazee site mmeghachi omume na alkali nnu a kpụrụ nkezi nkịtị, n'ihi na ihe atụ:
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) → Na2ZnO2 (nkịtị pụtara nnu) + H2O (mmiri).
Al2O3 (alumina) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = 2NaAlO2 + H2O (mmiri).
2Al (OH) 3 (aluminum hydroxide) + 3SO3 (sọlfọ oxide) = Al2 (SO4) 3 (aluminum sulfate) + 3H2O (mmiri).

The ngwọta amphoteric oxides site mmeghachi omume na alkali na-etolite a mgbagwoju nnu, n'ihi na ihe atụ: Al2O3 (alumina) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) + 3H2O (mmiri) + 2Na (Al (OH) 4) (a mgbagwoju nnu nke sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat).

3. Onye ọ bụla ọ bụla amphoteric metal oxide nwere a nchikota nọmba. Ka ihe atụ na zinc (Zn) - 4, aluminum (Al) - 4 ma ọ bụ 6, maka chromium (ČR) - 4 (obere) ma ọ bụ 6.

4. Amphoteric oxide anaghị eme na mmiri na-adịghị igbari nime ya.

Gịnị Jeremaya mere gosi amphoteric metal?

Dịtụ-ekwu okwu, ihe amphoteric mmewere nwere ike igosipụta Njirimara nke ma ọla na nonmetals. Ndị dị otú ahụ e ji mara mma bụ ugbu a na ndị ọcha nke A iche iche: Ịbụ (beryllium), Ga (gallium), Ge (germanium), Sn (tin), Pb, SB (antimony), bi (bismuth), na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọcha B -groups - a ČR (chromium), igwe (manganese), Fe (ígwè), Zn (zinc), CD (cadmium), na ndị ọzọ.

Anyị ugbu a na-egosi ndị na-esonụ chemical Jeremaya mere amphoteric chemical mmewere zinc (Zn):

1. Zn (OH) 2 (zinc hydroxide) + N2O5 (dinitrogen pentoxide) = Zn (NO3) 2 (zinc nitrate) + H2O (mmiri).
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Zn (NO3) 2 (zinc nitrate) + H2O (mmiri).

b) Zn (OH) 2 (zinc hydroxide) + Na2O (sodium oxide) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (mmiri).
ZnO (zinc oxide) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (mmiri).

Na ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na mmewere na sọrọ Njirimara nke compound nwere ndị na-esonụ ọxịdashọn, ya sọrọ (amphoteric) Njirimara kasị otú ahụ ime na onye n'etiti ọxịdashọn nzọụkwụ.

Dị ka ihe atụ nwere ike Chrome (ČR). Nke a mmewere nwere ndị na-esonụ ọxịdashọn ekwu, sị: 3+, 2+ 6+. Na ikpe nke atọ bụ isi na acidic Njirimara na-egosipụta ihe dị ka dokwara, mgbe y ČR +2 isi Njirimara emeri, na ČR +6 - acid. Ebe a na-Jeremaya mere na-egosi na nkwupụta a:

ČR + 2 → CrO (chromium oxide +2), ČR (OH) 2 → CrSO4;
ČR + 3 → Cr2O3 (chromium oxide +3), ČR (OH) 3 (chromium hydroxide) → KCrO2 ma ọ bụ chromium sulphate Cr2 (SO4) 3;
ČR + 6 → CrO3 (chromium oxide +6), H2CrO4 → K2CrO4.

N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu amphoteric oxides nke chemical ọcha ke ọxịdashọn ala +3 adị meta ụdị. Dị ka ihe atụ nwere ike-zoro: Aluminium hydroxide oxide (chemical usoro AlO (OH) na ígwè metahydroxide (chemical FeO (OH) usoro) ...

Olee otú amphoteric oxides?

1. The kasị adaba usoro ha nkwadebe bụ ọdịda si otu okenye ihe ngwọta iji ammonium hydroxide, nke ahụ bụ a na-adịghị ike isi. Dị ka ihe atụ:
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminum nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (okenye ngwọta nke amonia hydrate) = Al (OH) 3 (amphoteric oxide) + 3NH4NO3 (mmeghachi omume a rụrụ n'okpuru okpomọkụ iri abụọ degrees).
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminum nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (okenye ammonium hydroxide) = AlO (OH) (amphoteric oxide) + 3NH4NO3 + H2O (mmeghachi omume rụrụ 80 ° C)

Na mgbanwe mmeghachi omume nke ụdị na ikpe nke ngafe alkali aluminum hydroxide agaghị ịkpali. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na aluminum na-aga n'ime anion n'ihi na nke sọrọ Njirimara: Al (OH) 3 (aluminum hydroxide) + OH- (ngafe alkali) = [Al (OH) 4] - (aluminum hydroxide anion).

Ihe Nlereanya nke a ụdị mmeghachi omume:
Al (NO3) 3 (aluminum nitrate) + 4NaOH (ngafe sodium hydroxide) = 3NaNO3 + Na (Al (OH) 4).
ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate) + 4NaOH (ngafe sodium hydroxide) = Na2SO4 + Na2 (Zn (OH) 4).

Salts nke na-guzobere na n'otu oge ahụ, na- mgbagwoju ogige. Ha na-agụnye mgbagwoju anions: (Al (OH) 4) - na ọzọ (Zn (OH) 4) 2-. N'ihi ya, m na-akpọ nnu: Na (Al (OH) 4) - sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat, Na2 (Zn (OH) 4) - sodium tetragidroksotsinkat. Mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa nke aluminum ma ọ bụ zinc oxides na siri ike alkali na-akpọ iche iche: NaAlO2 - sodium dioksoalyuminat na Na2ZnO2 - sodium dioksotsinkat.