Anatomy nke mmadụ mandible. Topographical Mmebe nke ezé nke elu na nke ala jaws

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa akụkụ nke ahụ mmadụ mejupụtara ezé. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere anya Ọdịdị na-arụ a kpọmkwem ọrụ. Gịnị bụ eze bụ ihe elu set ezé? Gịnị bụ mmewere nke mandible? Na ndị a na ndị ọzọ metụtara ndị Ọdịdị nke ezé, anyị ga-aghọta.

General ọmụma banyere ezé

Ya onye toro eto mmadụ na onu ejikari nwere ike si 28 32 ezé. Ha na-pụrụ iche akwụkwọ, nwere a mgbagwoju Ọdịdị. The anya nke ọ bụla eze a na-akpọ okpueze. Onye nke ya n'ígwé bụ dentin - ike calcified ihe onwunwe na-enweghị ọbara arịa. Si n'elu ya bụ ntekwasa nha nha Enamel. Ọ na-eme dị ka a na-echebe elu shei.

Zoro ezo nke nha nha - mgbọrọgwụ. Ọ na-etinye na a ezumike nke ọkpụkpụ agba, na-akpọ alveoli. Na mgbọrọgwụ, kwa, nwere dentin. Ọ na-ekpuchi cement oyi akwa site na nke ndị eze a na-ẹkenịmde ke ezumike nke ihe n'agba. Ọkpụkpụ a kpụworo n'ime pulp-ulo-emi esịnede akwara, arịa na adụ connective anụ ahụ.

Na ụdị na-ọrụ nke ezé

Anatomy nke mandible na maxilla subdivides ọkpụkpụ a kpụworo, nke na-dị na-edeghị ede oghere maka ọtụtụ ụdị:

• nnukwu mgbọrọgwụ (molars);
• n'ihu (incisors);
• conical (canines);
• premolars (premolars).

Ezé ịrụ ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa ọrụ. Firstly, ha na-enye n'ibu nhazi nke ihe oriri. N'ihi ezé ndị mmadụ nwere ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-eri nri. Nke abuo, ndị a ọkpụkpụ owuwu na-aka ke kpụworo okwu. Na ha na-guzobere iche iche ụda. Nke atọ, ezé bụ akụkụ nke a ọnụ ọchị. Ha na-egwu ihe dị mkpa aesthetic ọrụ.

I nwekwara ike họrọ ọrụ pụta ụwa ọ bụla eze. Egbutusị emi odude ke n'ihu ọnụ na uji eze, enye nri slicing. Nke a na-eme ka ha ewepụghị chizul bit. Canines nwere ọrụ nke ndinuak na trapping nke nri, dị ka ha kwuru conical udi. Molars na premolars na-abuana ke egweri nri, n'ihi na ha elu bụ dum ezuru.

Location ezé na jaws

The mmewere nke elu na nke ala n'agba dentition na-egosi na ọkpụkpụ a kpụworo mere ndokwa na n'ụdị arcs, onye ọ bụla nke nwere ike kewara abụọ n'akụkụ (quadrant). Otu quadrant nke okenye mmadụ mejupụtara 8 ezé:

• 3 ezengwenri;
• 2 agụba;
• 1 eze nko;
• 2 premolar.

Na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ, na-molars, nke na-emi odude ke ọhụrụ eze arches na-akpọ "amamihe ezé" na-efu efu. Onye ọ bụla quadrant a nwetara bụghị 8, 7 na ọkpụkpụ guzobere. The enweghị "amamihe ezé" - bụ nnọọ nkịtị. Na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na ha na-ebipụ ka 24-26 afọ na-achọ mwepụ nke ibu na-ezighị ezi n'akuku, ebe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị egosi.

elu molars

Dị ka mmewere nke elu na nke ala jaws, ihe kasị dị mgbagwoju morphological nkeji bụ dentition mmadụ molars usoro. Ha na-na eze na njiko n'azụ premolars. The elu n'agba 6 nwere molars - 3 na otu eze na n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Ọkachamara ịmata ihe dị iche nke mbụ, nke abụọ na nke atọ nnukwu molars.

The kasị n'etiti nnukwu eze mgbọrọgwụ - akpa elu ezengwenri. Ọ bụ trehkorennym. N'elu ezengwenri n'ihu ezé na-abụghị n'usoro, ya ụdị nwere ike square ma ọ bụ diamond-ekara. Ọ nwere a protuberance 4 (ndị a niile elu kewara grooves):

• distal-palatal;
• distal-buccal;
• medial-buccal;
• mesial-palatal.

The abụọ elu ezengwenri dị iche iche si akpa Lonely n'elu. On ya na 30-40% nke ndị mmadụ na e nwere 3 tubercle. Na 5% nke ikpe ime dvuhbugorkovy elu ezengwenri. Na eze na-emekarị taped 3 mgbọrọgwụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ha abụọ na-eto eto ọnụ.

The atọ elu ezengwenri nke kasị nso okpueze. Ịta n'elu nwere ike trehbugorkovoy. Na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ, a na eze nwere 4 ugwu. Dvuhbugorkovaya ụdị bụ nnọọ obere. Ezengwenri nwere 2, 3, na mgbọrọgwụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere a anọ na nke ha.

The ala molars

N'adịghị ka ala molars nke elu bụ isi ọ bụ na ụdị a okpueze. O nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ anọ ma ọ bụ pentagonal. Ọzọ akụkụ pụrụ iche nke ala molars nke elu - ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbọrọgwụ. Na naanị ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ formations odude na ala e nwere 2 mgbọrọgwụ.

Anatomy of mandibular molars bụ dị ka ndị:

1. On mbụ ezengwenri nwere a distal, distal-lingual, buccal, distal, medial-lingual na mesial-buccal tubercles.
2. Na-esote nnukwu ezengwenri dịghị distal tuberositi. Na okpu pụta ụwa chetyrehbugorkovy anya.
3. Nke atọ ezengwenri, nke bụ kasị nta nke molars nke ala n'agba, 50% nke ndị mmadụ nwere 4 hillocks, 40% - 5. Ọtụtụ obere nkịtị atọ- ma ọ bụ shestibugorkovaya Lonely n'elu.

The elu incisors

Ọkpụkpụ a kpụworo odude ke n'ihu nke elu agha na-enwe a na-akpata, a na-akpọ elu incisors. Nọmalị, ezé 4 na-- 2 2 na Central n'akụkụ. Otú ọ dị, ndị dọkịta na-esiwanye chere ihu na isi edentulous (efu) nke elu mpụta incisors. N'oge ochie, ndị mmadụ na-eriju afọ nri siri ike. The nri atarịta ibe ha arụ so na Central na mpụta incisors. N'oge, ndị mmadụ na-eri softer oriri. Ugbu a, n'ihi atarịta ibe ha arụ nri ezu ike Central incisors. Mpụta ezé nwere a kacha nta ibu. Na nke a, na e nwere ha Mbelata.

Okpueze na Central incisors n'obosara. Na medio-distal direction, obosara ya bụ banyere 8-9 mm. Banyere vestibular elu ọ bụ uru arịba ama na elu incisors ya dịgasị. Anatomy nke ala agha na elu ezé na-egosi na:

• elu Central ezé nwere ike n'ụdị a rektangulu, a triangle;
• ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ ụdị elu incisors bụ gbọmgbọm ekara;
• elu mpụta ezé na-emekarị pụta ụwa zita ma ọ bụ gbọmgbọm udi.

Palatal elu nke elu incisors nwere ike ewepụghị, uniformly concave shọvel (noctuoidea). Ọdịdị ya na-adabere na ókè nke medial na distal odide n'akụkụ ridges inyịme si na isi nke okpueze na nkuku nke ịcha n'ọnụ nke ezé. The mbepụ nke mbepụ bụ na nestershihsya bends - kinks na bumps. Nke a ripple kpamkpam dị ka ezé na-arụ ọrụ na-edeghị ede oghere.

ala incisors

The kasị nta ezé na onu uji eze, dị ka topographical mmewere nke mandible bụ ala incisors. Ha bụ usụhọde incisors ya size, na-emi odude ke n'elu dentition. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na na usoro nke na nri raskusyvaniya ala ezé ịrụ inyeaka ọrụ.

Na ala agha 4 na-ndokwa cutter - 2 2 na Central n'akụkụ. The Central ezé nwere a akụkụ anọ ma ọ bụ ovoid vestibular n'elu. Na mpụta incisors na o nwere ụdị ihe isosceles triangle enwe a isi ke ebe nke mbepụ na n'elu ebe n'olu nke eze na-emi odude.

The lingual elu nke ala incisors bụ ezigbo, concave. The ụdị bụ zita. Tinyere n'ọnụ nke lingual ebupụta nke ala Ezé distal na mesial odide n'akụkụ ridges. Ha na-erughị mepere emepe karịa ke n'elu incisors. Anyị na-adịbeghị anya bilitere ezé ịcha onu bụ sinuous. The bumps bụ doro anya na anya. Nke nta nke nta na ha na-apụ n'anya. The mbepụ aghọ ire ụtọ.

The elu canines

Topographical Mmebe nke ezé nke elu na nke ala jaws agụnye n'inyocha canines Ọdịdị. Nke a nnukwu ọkpụkpụ a kpụworo nke eze na usoro enwe a dị ike na ogologo mgbọrọgwụ na okpueze odnobugorkovuyu. Ndị dị otú ahụ a Ọdịdị nke elu ezé n'ihi na ọrụ ha na-arụ.

The elu canines dị na ebe-ekwe elu eze njiko malite n'ihu laa azụ. Vestibular okpueze elu pụta ụwa diamond udi. Na ụgha na n'etiti ala, na-akpọ Central mamelon. Na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na ọ bụ nke ọma anya, mgbe ndị ọzọ - sonso akpọ. Ọ na-agwụ na a etiti ala n'ịkwatu n'ugwu, nke bụ ihe e ji mara nke canines. Tinyere n'ọnụ nke okpueze na-n'akụkụ mamelons - mesial na distal. Ha na-etolite n'akụkụ ihu tuberositi.

Palatal ebupụta maka canines bụ ubé convex na embossed. Na cervical ebe hụrụ otu obere okuku. Si ya n'akụkụ nke isi ugwu agba midline riiji. On n'akụkụ i nwere ike ịghọta ihe distal na mesial odide n'akụkụ ridges. Ha ịgbatị si okpueze n'akuku ka palatal tubercles.

afo eze

More warara na elongated okpueze, obere oke - mara ịmata elu si ala canines. Otú ọ dị, ihe owuwu nwere yiri ezé. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere ezé nke ala na elu jaws, anyị pụrụ ịhụ na okpueze nwere a diamond udi. Naanị ebe a na-ahụ n'elu nke ala ezé na ebe nke rhombus n'ịkwatu tubercle ọ na-ọzọ esisịt, truncated.

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ele anya convex canine mandible. Anatomy na- kọwara site n'eziokwu na n'etiti ala inyịme tinyere vestibular n'elu-kwupụtara nke ọma. The n'akụkụ eme ndị na-emekarị na-erughị anya. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị na-vestibular elu nke ezé nwere a esisịt udi. N'etiti ala dị otú ahụ ikpe bụ obere akpọ.

The enyemaka nke lingual elu nke ala canines nnọọ obere. On ya na cervical na mpaghara nwere a lingual cusp. Ọ merges were were na isi riiji agwụcha n'etiti atọ nke lingual n'elu. Tinyere n'ọnụ nke okpueze anya odide n'akụkụ ridges.

elu premolars

Na maxilla onye nwere premolar 4 - 2 obere molars nke ọ bụla. Ha na-emi odude ke ufọt akụkụ nke eze na njiko, na-ewere 4th na 5th ọnọdụ. Premolars, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site mmewere nke ezé nke elu ma na ala agha, igosi inyeaka ọrụ n'oge machining nri. Ha na-echi ọnụ n'ala ma bibiri n'ọrụ nri.

Ịmata Ọdịiche mbụ na nke abụọ elu premolars. The mbụ premolar enwe a okpueze prismatic udi ike abụọ- ma ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ na-akpata. Na occlusal n'elu bụ ugbu tubercle 2 - buccal na palatal. Onye mbụ bụ na, dị ka a na-achị, na ibu na elu. N'etiti ha bụ intertubercular furrow. Tinyere n'ọnụ nke okpueze bụ odide n'akụkụ ridges.

The abụọ elu premolar nwere n'ụzọ otu Ọdịdị. naanị ole na ole pụrụ iche e ji mara nwere ike mata:

• eze a nwere otu mgbọrọgwụ kanaal na a mgbọrọgwụ;
• bit smoother teren;
• ịta lumps nwere fọrọ nke nta ahụ elu;
• mpụta ridges ndị underdeveloped.

ala premolars

The ala obere molars, n'adịghị n'usoro ndị nta, ogologo otu mgbọrọgwụ na okpueze mechie udi kwụ ngalaba. Ndị maara mmewere ahụ nke ala n'agba ezé, ịmata ihe dị iche mbụ na nke abụọ ala premolars, ubé dị iche iche na Ọdịdị.

Onye mbụ bụ na yiri canine. Ndị a ezé dị ka okpueze. Otú ọ dị, bicuspid, n'adịghị canines, e nwere 2 hillocks na Ịta atụ n'elu. Nke mbụ n'ime ha a na-akpọ buccal, na nke abụọ - lingual. Kewara bumps intertubercular furrow. N'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, ọ na-etre site a etiti transverse mbo.

Nke abụọ premolar, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site mmadụ mmewere nke ala agha bụ ubé ibu karịa nke mbụ. Ịta ala bụ dvuhbugorkovoy. Mgbe ụfọdụ mata 3 na ọbụna 4 tubercle. On n'elu bicuspid nwere a miri emi transverse furrow na ọgwụgwụ ramifications. Root abụọ premolar bụ ogologo oge karịa nke mbụ.

N'ihi ya, ezé nke elu na nke ala agha, Ọdịdị, mmewere ndị a, ndị - a siri ike ma na-akpali isiokwu. Onye ọ bụla ọkpụkpụ a kpụworo rụrụ site pụrụ iche anụ ahụ nwere ya ọbara arịa na ụjọ ngwa. ezé Ọdịdị bụ nnọọ ihe siri ike, n'ihi na ọ na-adabere na ọrụ ha na-arụ.