Astrakhan: nlegharị anya na ndị kwesịrị ịhụ, obodo njegharị

Ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Astrakhan nwere na mgbọrọgwụ ya na mists nke oge, bụ obodo, nke a maara taa, e hiwere na 1558, mgbe ọ bụ a obere obodo, onye bụ onye òtù nke Kazan na Astrakhan Khanate. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ihi na ọchịchọ nke Russian alaeze mụbaa ihe ọmụma ha na Middle na Lower Volga, ka nwere ohere na Caspian Sea, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo nwere ike na-mepụtara na a kpamkpam dị iche iche dịruru ná njọ.

Taa obodo Astrakhan, na-adọrọ mmasị nke na-zuru oke chekwara maka 450 afọ, ọ bụ ihe ijuanya ndị njem na ya ịdị ebube na ịma mma.

History of obodo

Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ahụ malitere mgbe na 1552 mgbe a nọchibidoro Kazan dara. Nke a kara akara akara aka nke ndị Kazan Khanate tụfuru ya mmetụta na ebe. Astrakhan e weere na 1556, nke pụtara na na njedebe nke accession nke Middle na Lower Volga n'ógbè Russia.

N'ihi ochie ọnọdụ nke obodo ahụ kụrụ afọ n'ala, dị ka ọ na e odude ke oghe steppe si n'akụkụ niile, e kpebiri na-ewu a ọhụrụ mmezi n'aka ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Volga River on a elu, nke bụ eke nchebe pụọ raids.

Ná mmalite, a ọhụrụ obodo e wuru nke osisi na nke nwere ụrọ ékpè iji chebe, ma dị ka Ivan Grozny bụ mmasị na a ebe me wusiri ike na saịtị a, mgbe ahụ-ahụ na e ebe a na e ẹsịn - ndị mmadụ, ego na ihe.

Ihe kpatara nke bụ agha ka a Crimea Turkish agha ke 1569, bụ nke e abụrụ, ma gosiri mkpa nke Astrakhan. Ndị na-ewu a ọhụrụ nkume Kremlin akara mmalite nke na-ewu nke nnukwu ụlọ, nke dunyere atụmatụ nke Orthodox obodo ha nile di iche iche nke mba ndị na-enubata ebe a si Central akụkụ nke Russia.

The ewu nke nkume Kremlin mgbidi e dechara na 1589, na-ewu nke ụlọ elu e dechara na mmalite nke na Asaa na narị afọ. Total ebe e wusiri ike gụnyere asatọ elu, atọ nke nke di ụzọ mbata obodo si ụzọ dị iche iche.

Ọkpụrụkpụ nke mgbidi na ike juru onye ọ bụla na-abanye n'obodo. Astrakhan, ebe nlegharị anya na-amalite na Kremlin taa, nọ ọtụtụ nmepe nke oge. Behind the Kremlin mgbidi na-emi odude ke kasị mkpa oge nke ihe owuwu - na kpụrụ nke gunpowder okpuru ulo, ebe obibi ndị mọnk, ụlọ nche nke obodo ama na chọọchị.

Ugbua ke akpa ọkara nke Asaa narị afọ, Astrakhan bụ nnukwu obodo na a na-eto eto bi, a na-mepụtara ahia na crafts.

Kremlin

Ọ malitere azụ mgbe Ivan ndị tara ahụ Kremlin ewu e dechara n'oge ọchịchị Tsar Fedor Ivanovich na Time of oj oo.

Wall elu site atọ na 9.5 mita na elu atọ mita oké ndị magburu onwe nchedo encroachments nke Crimea Khanate na Turkish naputa ókèala. Isi n'ọnụ ụzọ obodo ndị Prechistenskie ụzọ ámá, bụ nke dị na-esote na tallest ụlọ n'oge - na mgbịrịgba elu, esịnede 4 storeys.

Ihe odide kasị ochie echekwawo ụlọ si Kremlin oge bụ Zhitnyaya ụlọ elu dị n'ebe ndịda. Ozugbo ya yad ụlọ dị maka bukọta bụrụ na nke nnọchibido nke obodo.

Ike kacha ike na a pụrụ ịdabere na-wusiri ike ụlọ elu, nke e bipụtara na Crimea Way na natara otu aha. Ịwakpo site Crimea Tatars ndị Ugboro, ma mgbe nile na-ewusi ha iguzogide.

Inside na Kremlin nwere ọtụtụ ebe ndị agha, obodo na okpukpe ụlọ nke na, dị ka Cathedral nke mwere.

katidral

Na saịtị nke Katidral, nke nwere ike gara taa, anyị nọbu abụọ ụka, otu onye nke bụ dilapidated, dị ka e mere na nke osisi, na nke abụọ ghọrọ oke obere maka ngwa ngwa na-eto eto obodo.

Wuru na 1710, ọhụrụ Katidral nke Astrakhan bụ ezigbo masterpiece nke ije nke oge. Cathedral mejupụtara 2-tiers ke ala biri n'ili. Ha e liri Georgian eze Vakhtang nke isii na Teimuraz II na Bishọp nke Astrakhan Iosif Svyaschennomuchenik na ndị ọzọ so chọọchị.

The elu nke katidral - ọ bụ ya saa mbara, full nke ìhè temple abụọ tiers nke windo. Ọ bụrụ na 1702 mere imi a set nke ụlọ, na Katidral nke mwere taa ga nwere otu nnukwu dome. N'ihi na nke a mere, a nkà atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke ebe e wusiri ike Mineev Dorofei gbanwere mbụ atụmatụ na e wuru 5 domes, nke na-ugbu a na-ekiri ndị ọbịa ka obodo na obodo bi.

The nmeju nke ala ụka ẹkenịmde ke 1707, mgbe n'elu bụ mere na mgbe-ewu ewu na 1710.

N'ịbụ onye isi katidral nke obodo ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, e ukwuu mebiri emebi n'oge guzobe nke Soviet ike. Naanị na 1992, a kpọfere ya azụ ka chọọchị, na malitere ọrụ na ya na mweghachi. Taa, ọ bụ ugbu a Katidral, ike iguzo n'iru nzukọ ya nile pristine mara mma.

bishọp onyinye

Ọtụtụ ẹnịm ncheta mpako taa n'obodo Astrakhan. Adọrọ Mmasị, akpa azụ ka oge nke na-ewu nke Kremlin, "ọbọhọ" na ugbu a, ọ bụghị ihe niile, ma Bishop si n'ogige bụ a obi ụtọ ma e wezụga.

Onyinye dị n'ebe ndịda nke mwere Cathedral ná mmalite na Asaa narị afọ ẹkewetde naanị nke bishop na ulo. Site 1677 o wuru nso a nkume ulo nile, na na 1709 e nwere ọhụrụ tinye-na, nke na-agụnye aha nke Cross Church nke Onye Nzọpụta anyị.

Mgbe bishop n'ulo e mebiri site ọkụ na mbubreyo XVIII narị afọ, ọ na-ewuli n'okpukpu nke atọ, na XIX narị afọ ọzọ. Bishop si n'ogige dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie ụlọ n'obodo bụ na ndepụta maka nwughari, ka atụmatụ nke ndị niile na mgbe e mesịrị tinye-ons ga-ewepụ iji weghachi mbụ ọdịdị nke ụlọ.

Cyril uka

Ọzọ nnọchianya nke ochie bụ Cyril nke uka, emi odude ke efak. Trediakovsky 2 (Russia, Astrakhan). Ihe kpatara ya na-ewu bụ a ọrụ ebube gosipụtara mbubreyo Rector nke Nsọ Atọ n'Ime Otu Obibi.

Cyril ama akpa ke 1576 na e wee lie ya n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk, na a obere osisi uka e wuru n'elu ili. Ọ e wuru mebiri nke mejupụtara iwu nke Orthodox, dị ka n'ọnụ ụzọ ọ bụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.

The foduru nke mbụ abbot nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk nọgidere n'ime mgbidi ya ruo mgbe 1677, ma hụrụ ya na nwunye ya na ya ozi, ndị nduzi obodo image nke okenye Cyril guzo akpati ozu na udo bụ ire ọkụ cross, Astrakhan zọpụta si ọkụ.

Na nsọpụrụ nke abbot ịrịba ama foduru e reburied ọzọ n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk, na n'elu ha wuru a nkume uka nile mejupụtara iwu. Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ hụrụ ndị njem nleta na ofufe taa.

ọcha obodo

Kemgbe ụwa, Astrakhan mpaghara na e guzobere maka mgbidi Kremlin na ihe ole na ole kụrụ.

Na 1631 residential ụlọ na craft agbakọta n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ebe e wusiri ike nke dị n'ugwu, gbara ya gburugburu site na a mgbidi siri ike, na a bịara mara dị ka White City. Ọ bụ ezie na ebe ugboro abụọ Kremlin, ọ bụ ezughị niile ekupụ si Central Russia, otú ha, a ọhụrụ mmezi akpọ Ụrọ obodo. The aha bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ndị ọhụrụ distrikti wuru gburugburu ihe ụrọ ékpè na osisi e wusiri ike.

Ọchịchọ nke White City n'oge a Astrakhan nwere otu ụkpụrụ dị ka anya na Asaa na narị afọ. Nke extant ụlọ nke ebe na-echekwawo Demidov okụre na tent ụlọ elu, naanị ihe ncheta nke Holy Nnwogha Obibi. Ọzọkwa nwere mmasị na mgbe e mesịrị ụlọ, dị ka ụlọ ahịa si East na alakụba.

Ke adianade ochie akụkụ nke obodo Astrakhan nkiri e wuru na a gasịrị oge, ma na-mkpa na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble nke ebe a.

popet nkiri

Ọ bụ ezie na Astrakhan popet nkiri a na-atụle ga-tọrọ ntọala na 1986, a n'ezie n'ụlọ nka na ha na-eto eto ndị ọbịa bịara mgbe akpụ akpụ na mbụ ala na ụlọ nke ahịa Bashkina na 1991

The abụọ-storey ahịa ụlọ-akpa azụ ka mmalite nke XIX narị afọ, e zụtara na 1889 site na onye ahịa Grigoriev na wughachiri. Oge a anya ya enwetara naanị na 1910, mgbe ọtụtụ ose. Mbemiso 1917, ọ chọpụtara na anoghi n'ulo oba na ọnụ ụlọ ahịa.

Ebube ụlọ, wara ntaghari ohuru na n'oge 90-ies nke XX narị afọ, ghọrọ adabara ngosi nke egwuregwu arụmọrụ. The ụlọ nke popet nkiri bụ na ndepụta nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke gọọmenti etiti uru.

The ncheta Gabdulla Tukai

Ndị mmadụ na-ede uri Gabdulla Tukai bụ nchoputa nke classic Tatar akwụkwọ.

Tukai A mụrụ Kazan na 1886, na April 26 nwua n'ebe ọrịa na 1913, April 15, tupu ha ruru ha dvadtsatisemiletiya. Tatar ndị mmadụ Gabdulla aghọta ka a na-agbachitere na ihu nke emegbu. The na-ede uri wee akụkụ ke amamihe mmegharị nke 1905, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ, nke bipụtara ya amaokwu, ọtụtụ njem, bụ Astrakhan, St. Petersburg, Ufa na obodo ndị ọzọ nke Russia.

Na ya obere ndụ hapụrụ a nnukwu akara ukwu Tukai na Tatar akwụkwọ. Na ebe nchekwa nke nleta Astrakhan oké na-ede uri na mbụ Tatar esịt ncheta Gabdulla Tukai e kpughere na 2013

N'ihi ya, ọ e weghachiri ebe nchekwa nke onye n'otu ndị nkịtị dị iche iche ná mba na a nkịtị na-alụ maka nnwere onwe ha, na ebube.

Adọrọ Mmasị n'èzí Astrakhan

Ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na ya mere eme na ụlọ ma ama Astrakhan. Nyocha na-ekwu banyere a pụrụ iche mma, emi odude 130 kilomita site n'obodo. Ebe a, na 1965, anyị malitere gwupụtara na kpugheere ụwa isi obodo nke Golden Horde, Batu wuru na n'etiti nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ.

"Serai-Batu" aghọwo ihe n'èzí ihe ngosi nka n'ihi na ọ nọwo na-ese "The Horde" (2011), mgbe nke e nwere ndị decorations, dị ka nso nke akụkọ ihe mere eme epoch nke Golden Horde.

Taa ọ bụ otu nọọrọ onwe ha ihe ngosi nka, nke na-emepụta ihe ọzọ e gwupụtara nke oge ochie isi obodo.

Astrakhan azu

Ọ dịghị obere mma a na-akụ azụ na Astrakhan. The obodo kemgbe ma ama dị ka a ebe ndị mepere emepe azu ụlọ ọrụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na July na ọgwụgwụ nke October na mpaghara a bịa azu ndị hụrụ, ihe ọma na ebe ndị na-atụrụ ndụ ụlọ ọrụ maka nke a Astrakhan ukwuu. Na Volga-akụ azụ na-eche a nnukwu catch nke azu kaapu, azụ okpo, whitefish na perch. Fish nke ukwuu nke na catch ahapụ ọbụna beginners.

afọ-gburugburu njem

N'ihi nke a n'ụba azu na Astrakhan - a bara uru njem, meghere a ọhụrụ ntụrụndụ center na ebe a na-ezi atarịta ibe ha arụ. Astrakhan oyi ọ na-erughị mara mma karịa ke ndaeyo ememe.

O bu na niile hotels na ntụrụndụ n'oge oyi na-atụ oge dị ọnụ ala, ndị hụrụ ice azu na oyi egwuregwu na-ahọrọ na-abịa n'oge a.