Bitumen - ihe bụ nke a? Properties na ngwa nke bitumen

Bitumen - nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie ụlọ ihe mara mmadụ. Naa, na ya iji na-agụnye nnọọ a dịgasị iche iche nke nhọrọ. E nwere ọtụtụ iche nke ihe onwunwe.

umu

Bituminous bekee - na organic ihe, nke na-agụnye ọtụtụ umu.

• Natural bitumen. Bụ a viscous ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike ihe onwunwe nke ihe mejupụtara carbohydrate ogige ma ha emepụta. Ụzọ nke ha guzobere na-eke ọxịdashọn Filiks mmanụ polymerization. Ha na-agbasa na ebe mmanụ. Pure eke bitumen - bụ obere umi.
• Asphalt umu. Nke a na ụdị na-achọta ọtụtụ ugboro karịa gara aga otu. Ọ bụ na porous nkume. Ha na-echi ọnụ n'ala ma bibiri. Dị ka ọ na-enyo ụzọ bitumen.
• Mmanụ. Ọ bụ ụdị nke wuru ihe onwunwe. Ọ na-emepụta na usoro nke nnụcha adịwo. Dị na usoro okirikiri ụdị ndị dị otú ahụ bitumen kewa mmapụta, ọxịdashọn na cracking.

Ọdịdị

Bitumen nwere ndị na-esonụ mejupụtara na kpochapụwo version:

• 80% carbon;
• ka 15% hydrogen;
• si 2 to 9% nke sọlfọ;
• karịa 5% oxygen;
• si 0 ka 2% nitrogen.

Ndị bekee na-na ụdị nke hydrocarbon ogige, sọlfọ, oxygen na nitrogen.

All ọcha nwere ike nkewa atọ dị iche iche.

1. Solid akụrụngwa - elu molekụla ibu hydrocarbons akpọ asphaltenes. E nwekwara ike mmiri bụ paraffins.

2. resins - amorphous ihe, nke nwere ọchịchịrị aja aja na agba.

3. The mmanụ nta - bụ dị iche iche hydrocarbons nke nwere a njupụta na-erughị 1.

Bitumen - ọ bụ a mgbagwoju umi na a ụfọdụ ruru nke niile mmiri. Mmụba na ya ibu ibu nke asphaltenes ga dịkwuo ekweghị ekwe, brittleness na softening okpomọkụ.

The waxes nakwa belata ductility nke bitumen, ka anya na-akwụ ụgwọ na imewe nke a ọnụ ke ha ọdịnaya ka 5% ma ọ bụ obere.

nọ nke ngwa

Dabere na nke anụ ahụ Njirimara iche na-esonụ ubi nke ngwa nke bitumen:

• ụzọ na-ewu;
• roofing;
• waterproofing;
• elektorokabelya mmepụta;
• Shino-roba technology;
• batrị;
• akọwa na varnishes;
• nkà mmụta banyere ígwè;
• uglebriketov mmepụta;
• Ejegharịrị.

Na-ewu ọrụ na ya bitumen bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu ihe n'ihi na waterproofing nke dị iche iche ihe, karịsịa ndị cellars na n'okpuru ala.

mmanụ ụzọ

Na-ewu nke okporo ụzọ na-eji mmanụ ala bitumen ụzọ (GOST 22245-90). E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke ndị dị otú ahụ ihe onwunwe.

Iji na-ahọrọ nri obiọma, anyị ga-esi kọwaa ụdị nke ihu igwe mpaghara.

N'ihi na eke ọnọdụ nke na-ji ndị okpomọkụ na oyi na-atụ oge bụghị elu karịa -20? C na nkezi, ndị kwesịrị ekwesị dị na GOST ụzọ bitumens dị ka BND 200/300, 130/200 BND na BND 90/130.

N'ihi na mpaghara ebe nkezi okpomọkụ na oyi na-atụ oge nke afọ nso si -10 ka -20? C, na-enye mmanụ ala bitumen ụzọ II na III nke ihu igwe zones nke ụzọ. A na-agụnye n'elu umu, nakwa dị ka 60/90.

Ọ bụrụ na kwa ọnwa, nkezi okpomọkụ n'oge oyi na-atụ oge nke afọ bụ na nso nke -5 ka -10? C, na Standard enye maka ojiji nke mmanụ ụzọ bitumen dị ka niile dị n'elu ụdị, dị ka nke ọma dị ka BND 40/60, 90/130 BN, BN 130/200 BN 200/300.

N'ihi na ebe ebe oyi averages ji okpomọkụ agaghị ala karịa 5? C, adabara mmanụ ụzọ bitumen ụdị dị ka BND 40/60, 60/90, 90/130 BND, BN 60/90, 90/130 BN.

mmanụ

E nwere iche na-eji maka owuwu nke bụghị naanị ụzọ kamakwa residential Njirimara. Nke a eluigwe na ala ika. E nwere nanị atọ ụdị, nke na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ na mmanụ ala bitumen ka BN 70/30, 90/130 BN, BN 50/50.

Nakwa dị ka mmanụ ala bitumen ụzọ, GOST nke achịkwakwa ọnọdụ nke ngwa onye nke ọ bụla ụdị, n'ihi na-ewu bitumen eme GOST 6671-76.

The ala na gburugburu ebe obibi okpomọkụ, ihe na-agbanwe ihe onwunwe ga-eji maka ewu. Nke a ga-hụ ya Ekliziastis na oge nke ọrụ.

Oil roofing ihe

N'ihi na a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ na ụlọ echichi iji pụrụ iche bitumen. Properties na ngwa na ọ na-usoro GOST 9548-74. Nke a ọkọlọtọ-agụnye iji ihe atọ ụdị roofing ihe:

• BOC 90/30 - nwere dị otú ahụ a akporo ka guzobe nke mkpuchi oyi akwa nke ụlọ.
• BNK 40/180 - na-eji na-ebu ndị impregnation.
• BNK 45/190 - họrọ maka inweta na nhazi roofing ihe n'ihi na n'elu ụlọ.

Ihe na-akpali ụdị ụzọ ihe

Asphalt ụzọ, GOST nke na-enye ọtụtụ ụdị nke ndị dị otú ahụ a umi e ji ọtụtụ dị iche iche Njirimara. Onye ọ bụla na-enye a na-àgwà nke ihe onwunwe.

The kasị mkpa nke ha, na-akọwa akporo nke bitumen na-atụle ductility, softening ebe, brittleness, na-egbu maramara, viscosity, nyagide Njirimara.

Okpomọkụ na-akwalite na-abawanye nke na ogo nke bitumen viscosity. Na oyi ihu igwe ọ tụfuru ihe onwunwe àgwà na oge na-eru thermal ókè-aghọ kenkuwa.

Ọ na-enyere dịkwuo plasticity nke mgbakwunye na nke mmanụ ihe onwunwe. The ọzọ ntu oyi mmanụ ala bitumen, na elu àgwà nke ya na klas.

na-egbu maramara okpomọkụ bụkwa a nnọọ mkpa maka a ihe dị otú ahụ dị ka bitumen ụzọ. Standard na-enye a ọkọlọtọ uru nke a oke na +200? C na n'elu. The ọzọ na-egbu maramara okpomọkụ, ala flammability n'ụlọnga.

adhesion ọnụego ga-enyere mara otú ọma ghọtara bitumen isi n'elu. The elu nke akara, ndị siri ike na ihe na-nọ n'elu.

The technology nke na-eji ihe

N'oge na-ewu nke okporo ụzọ na ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ, na-ekpo ọkụ na-elu-technology bitumen. Usoro a na-rụrụ dị na iwu ụfọdụ. Usoro nke eji ihe idu ke e ji mara nke a umi dị ka bitumen. GOST ekpughe ya kasị mkpa Njirimara.

Ikpo ihe onwunwe na-eji na-arụ ma na mmezi, a pụrụ iche na ite na oké mgbidi nke metal na hermetically mmechi mkpuchi. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe onwunwe ga-ekwe ka ya zere overcooking.

2/3 jupụtara tank. Bitumen Tupu nbudata kewaa iberibe obere size.

Heating a rụrụ na a obere ọkụ, na gbazee ihe ruo mgbe a homogeneous uka. Mgbe ndị mba ọzọ na okwu a na-ewepụ ha pụrụ iche sieve. Reserve reheating okpomọkụ nke 200? C.

Heating na okpomọkụ nke +160 ka +170? C gbazee bitumen maka banyere 3 h. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-amụba ya na ịgba uru, na kpo oku usoro ga-enwe nanị 1 hour.

Bitumen maka ụzọ apụghị ntọt kpo oku n'elu +200? C, n'ihi na ha Njirimara a ga-njọ. Mgbe 220? C amalite na-etolite Coke.

Mgbe overheated bitumen emepụta wetara odo-green anwụrụ ọkụ, na n'elu-eru ókè ka +240? C ihe onwunwe pụrụ ọbụna imebi. Mgbe ahụ cover nke ji esi mmiri ọkụ nso menyụọ ọkụ ahụ.

Mgbe ekpo oke ọkụ na-egbu maramara bitumen ụzọ ọ na-aghọ kenkuwa na agaghịkwa kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na ọrụ na-ewu ma ọ bụ mebiri emebi.

Nchekwa na njem

Bitumen nchekwa na-ewe ebe pụrụ iche tankị. Ha na-n'ụzọ na-akpali akpali usoro ewe iwe umi. Nke a na Usoro ga nwere a pụrụ iche uzuoku oriri ụzọ maka ime ka na-egbu maramara ihe Alụlụụ.

Efu na tankị na-nyere na ala nke mkpọda ugwu ahụ.

Usoro ụgbọ njem mmiri mmiri korota ụzọ, onwem na pụrụ iche nfuli nke pumped ihe onwunwe.

Ọ bụrụ na ihe a na-ebuga na ihe siri ike ụdị, eji pụrụ iche collapsible ụdị.

N'oge iga na nchekwa nyere niile ọkụ nchekwa chọrọ, dị ka akọ na bitumen flammable. Ịrụzu niile nchekwa iwu, ọ dịghị atụ egwu nke omume nke na-ejighị n'aka ọnọdụ ọrụ na nke a ihe onwunwe. Mgbe amụ Njirimara na iche ihe onwunwe pụrụ ọma etinye ya na ndị na-ewu nke dị iche iche ụlọ ọrụ.

Bitumen - a umi na-enwe àgwà ọma ndị dị ka mmiri na-eguzogide, ike, nonsusceptibility Ihu Igwe mmetụta, ala ụzụ na thermal nghọta na ala ugbu a conduction. Ekele ndị a Njirimara, ọ bụ a na-ewu ewu na a pụrụ ịdabere ewu ihe owuwu.