Caliber 338 Lapua Magnum

The dịtụ ọhụrụ 338 Lapua Magnum katrij mbụ mere maka sniping na nnukwu anya, Otú ọ dị, a na-eji na ụrọ kpalakwukwu égbè, nakwa dị ka dinta. 338 Lapua Magnum ewe ebe n'etiti .50 BMG mgbọ na .308 Winchester.

oru

Na 1983, ndị US Department of Defense mara ọkwa a mpi ike ọhụrụ sniper si bullet. The katrij nwere izute ọtụtụ afọ. Firstly, ọ bụ ihe na lesion ibu iche na ogologo nso (n'elu 1500 mita), na abuo - dispersal bullet na 900 m / sec na a uka nke 250 ọka (1 Gran = 0,0647 grams).

akụkọ

Otu n'ime ndị ọzọ, na nguzobe eme Research mgwo agha Industries nke USA. Ewere ịchụ nta katrij .416 Rigby, ndị na-emepụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ Obermeyer na Dzhim Bell (ọ ga-ahụ na .700 Nitro Express, ghọrọ onye kasị ike nke egwuregwu) ike a katrij na-emezu ihe ndị a chọrọ nke mpi. Ọ na-akawanye aha .338 Bell. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na iwu idebe ọnọdụ, e nwere a ịrịba mwepu. Uwe .416 Rigby ike iguzo ike mgbali nke ntụ ntụ gas na-ike-nkwarụ, nke ọ bụghị nanị mere ka a ngwangwa arịa ọrịa nke na ngwá agha, ma pụrụ ịdị ize ndụ maka shooter.

Mgbe mbụ ọdịda

Palm kpaliri ndị ụlọ ọrụ site Lapua Finland. Ha kere mbụ uwe, na a kpebiri deformation nsogbu. Anyị katrij karama ekara liner, egbugbere ọnụ na-adịghị protrude. The kacha mgbali n'oge mgbawa nke powder - 400 MPa, na uwe idi nrụgide nke 420 MPa. Mgbe ahụ, ha mepụtara na ọzọ bullet, ihe kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na-agbapụ a nwoke na ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu anya. Mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị, na 1987, ụlọ ọrụ na-amalite na-emepụta 338 caliber (8.6 mm x 70) n'okpuru designation Lapua Magnum.

ogbu na nwayọọ

Ke ukem na e kere eke nke katrij, na ike nke ziri ezi na International LTD si England bụ na-emepe emepe a égbè caliber 338, nzube nke nke bụ ezi égbè na dị anya na oké ọnọdụ (ala okpomọkụ, oké ifufe). The na-akpọ Arctic sniper égbè, e utu aha "ogbu na nwayọọ". Ugbu a anyị maara na ọ n'okpuru aha Arctic Warfare Magnum, L115A, na L96. Mgbe agbapụ na otu kilometa égbè agbasawo 15-16 cm, ọ bụ nnọọ ezi egosi. Ka ihe atụ, n'okpuru égbè caliber .50 browning dispersion bụ banyere otu mita n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ, nyere nnukwu mmetụta, na ibu na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ oké ogbugba.

Si Arctic égbè welitere a ndekọ, ruo ugbu a ọ dịghị onye tie: abụọ gbaa nke mmadụ abụọ na a anya nke abụọ kilomita e gburu.
Égbè Arctic Warfare Magnum nwere ike ịbụ nke abụọ calibers: 6.2 na 7,62. Ibu ya ihe efu magazine nwere ike ịdị iche dabere na mgbanwe nke 6.1 na 7.3 n'arọ.

ụdị mgbọ

The katrij nwere naanị otu ụdị mgbọ ruo 1996. Ntoputa nke ọhụrụ mgbọ ukwuu gbasaa nhọrọ maka na o kwere omume katrij ndụ. ise ụdị mgbọ e mepụtara n'okpuru .338 LM:

1. SP (soft ebe).
2. Nkebi (irutụrụ, ọtụtụ ndị mejupụtara isi).
3. HPBT (tapered ọdụ ngalaba, a oghere n'ime imi).
4. FMJBT (shei, tapered ọdụ ngalaba).
5. FMJ (bullet shei).

SP njide na a bullet na a arọ nke 12,96 grams (200 mkpụrụ) nke mbụ ọsọ nke bullet na ụgbọ elu na 1002 m / sec. Oghere-ebe bullet na 250 ọka arọ (16.2 g) na 897 ndapụta na index m / sec, na achụ nta GB488 VLD nwere a ike ọsọ 910 m / sec n'otu ibu ibu. Na-eji ihe agha na ihe-agha-ịkpọpu incendiary mgbọ Agha ịkpọpu na Agha ịkpọpu Incendiary.

Ọtụtụ ụdị nke ịchụ nta mgbọ (Barnes XLC-Bullit - 14,6 g, Sierra MatchKing - 19,4 g, Homady SpirePoint - 16,2 g), mepụtara n'okpuru katrij, zute niile nkọwa. The ụgbọ elu ọsọ nke dịgasị iche iche ha si 754 na 920 m / s.

The ojiji nke a katrij

Caliber 338 "Lapua" e mere maka sniping na si anagide ya ozi anya nke ewepụghị trajectory na elu ziri ezi, ma ụrọ kpalakwukwu égbè e ji ọbụna tupu ya ukara ngosi. N'afọ 1986, ndị US merie akụ zoo na ya na Virginia. Ọzọkwa, katrij-eji na dinta. Ọ bụ nnọọ ewu ewu n'etiti Fans nke varmint achụ nta (achụ nta ihe karịrị anya) na Benchrest (agbapụ si ogologo nso na akwụkwọ iche).

Maka ịchụ nta katrij mgbọ e mepụtara, irè na-agbapụ na anụmanụ erikpu ruo a ton.

mmepụta

Na mgbakwunye na Lapua Finnish ụlọ ọrụ, aku na mmepụta nke katrij ka a Czech ụlọ ọrụ Sellier & Bellot, Norma nkenke (Sweden), ma ugbu a .338 Lapua Magnum e mere naanị na Russian na Novosibirsk katrij osisi. Indicators Russian lapua dịtụ ala karịa na mbụ version. A zuru oyiri nke katrij a na-akpọ SP-152.

Ngwá Agha ụlọ

Arọ katrij .338 LM kere maka kpọmkwem ihe aga-eme, na égbè na-eji ya, ka nke a kwesịrị egwuregwu. Ma n'ihi na nke dị warara na-elekwasị anya nke ọtụtụ égbè na emeghị agbasa, dị ka M98 Barrett. M98V Barrett nwekwara e mepụtara kpọmkwem maka nlele 338 Lapua, ọ bụ nnọọ mfe (arọ 6,1 n'arọ - maka nke a ụdị égbè n'ezie bit) na kọmpat (1267 mm n'ogologo, na-ike a ga-ebu unassembled), na a longitudinally-eji n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá na shop iri agba, na-onwem na a flash suppressor. Dị ka ndị ọzọ égbè nke ụdị, ọ ga-eji na-ebibi ngwá, ma e kpọmkwem maka ndụ zaa

338 caliber carbine Orsis Ghaat T5000, a ugboro ugboro égbè na ntuziaka nrụpụta, adabara maka ịchụ nta ma ọ bụ maka lekwasịrị égbè. Kwa n'etiti ndi-Russian égbè nwere a nlereanya n'okpuru a caliber ngwá agha na Russian ụlọ ọrụ "Tsar egbe ala".

Mepụta ngwá agha n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ caliber 338 Blaser, Remington, Keppeler, Weatherby, nke ziri ezi na International (na eso ụzọ "Arctic égbè"), Sako na ndị ọzọ.
Site n'ụzọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a égbè na-positioned dị ka a egwuregwu, ya mere eji na skeet égbè, gụnyere ke Russia. Naanị ihe na-egbochi mgbasa nke elu-edu égbè - ha price.

quality Mara

338 LM ghọrọ a ọma mgbakwunye maka mgbọ .50BMG, nke Otú ọ dị, si anagide ya ozi - agbapụ na ìhè armored ugbo ala na anya, ma na-agba ndụ zaa-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Ke adianade do, 338 caliber égbè tụgharịa si nnọọ mfe "iri ise".

Caliber 338 Lapua Magnum na irutụrụ bullet nwere ike akwụsịtụ na kpara mmetụta. Mgbo amapu ọ bụla, ọbụna oké ahụ agha na ihe mgbochi. Lapua oge izu na ihe mgbidi, na nchara Ibé akwụkwọ a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 2.4 cm

The ịchụ nta katrij na a bullet nkebi nwere ike ji mee ihe maka ogbugbu nke nnukwu ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka anụ ọhịa bea na nnukwu ungulates, Otú ọ dị, ọbụna na-irutụrụ bullet katrij bụ adighi ike megide nnukwu African ụmụ anụmanụ: enyí, enyi mmiri, rhinoceroses. On dị otú ahụ na-achụ nta cartridges na-eji, mepụtara Dzhimom Bellom na William Feldstein, - .700 Nitro Express. The katrij maka firing na obere iche iche, nwere onye mbụ bullet ike ọsọ nke 590 m / sec na a arọ nke 64,8 g kacha anya n'ihi na nke a firing mgbọ - 122 m, mgbe ọ na-nwere a dispersion nke karịa 3 cm ogologo nke katrij 700 bụ hà 106 nlele. 88 mm, nloghachi, n'agbanyeghị arọ arọ nke egbe, bụ nnukwu - ngwá agha dị nnọọ punt. Ma, ọ bụghị n'efu .700 Nitro Express a na-ewere ihe ndị kasị ike n'ụwa nchebe. Katrij ume bụ 11.279 J, nke bụ iji ịkpata kọntaktị rollover ọsọ rhino ma ọ bụ enyi. N'agbanyeghị na-emeri na ebe neuboynoe anụmanụ tụfuru ike ịkwaga na a oge si 5 na 20 nkeji, na n'oge a na dinta nwere ike gwụsịa ụmụ anụmanụ si a Mkpa ọkụ egbe.

ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme

338 Lapua Magnum katrij na-eji maka agha na nzube. Ọ na-eji na-alụ agha na Afghanistan (2001), na Iraq, nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ukraine na Libya.

Chuck 338 "Lapua" ama abụọ shot Craig Harris e mepụtara (nke ọ bụla na-erughị ama "égbè Arctic") - na 2009, abụọ iji gbaa o gburu abụọ bụ ndị iro igwe Gunners na Afghanistan.

Ọ bụ nke a maara nke ọma nchebe ụtọ sniper Kris Kayl si US, mgbe emepụta ya kasị anya shot -. 1940 m Na Sadr City ke 2008, o gburu a rọketi obubata na-aga na-agba ndị convoy nke US agha.

Ọzọ ma ama gbara Lapua Magnum katrij e mere site na British kopora Christopher Reynolds. Ọzọkwa na Afghanistan, ma a afọ mgbe e mesịrị, o gburu iji shot si 1853 mita Taliban ọchịagha squad utu aha Mullah. N'ihi na nke a shot Kristofer Reynolds e ọdịda a nrite.

Ọzọ cartridges nke caliber 338

Katrij 338 nwere ike na-akpọ a mmeri ndiduọ lekwasịrị anya, ọ bụ ezie na o nwere a mma arụmọrụ. 338 Winchester Magnum - achụ nta katrij zubere maka ogbugbu nke nnukwu ụmụ anụmanụ (gụnyere bea na elk), nwere naanị atọ ụdị mgbọ, nke na-ebelata ya ewu ewu n'etiti dinta, n'agbanyeghị na ọ emewo a ike okwa ya niche dị ka ike kacha ike katrij ajụ caliber, abụghị maka bullet égbè na anya. Sales na America, o concedes 7 mm Remalaya Mag na 300 Win Mag. N'okpuru caliber 338 Win Mag na America na gburugburu ụwa na-emepụta a otutu ngwá agha: Remington & apos; 700, Steyr - Mannlicher ndị S, Winchester, Alaska Ị na ndị ọzọ.

Ọzọ mgbọ nke otu caliber - .338 Weatherby Magnum. Mgbọ e guzobere na ndabere nke .378 WeatherbyMagnum. Ọzọkwa, dị ka ndị na-emepụta nke Research mgwo agha Industries, Roy Uezerbi kere ọhụrụ katrij, site crimping nke aka uwe. Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka 338 Bell, a liner guzogideworo mgbali nke propellant gas na mpi ọma na wepụtara na ahịa .338 Win Mag, na ibu ibu bụ 250 ọka na-egosikwa na-agba nke 900 m / sec.

N'okpuru ọhụrụ katrij ụlọ ọrụ Weatherby égbè ulo oru ụdị "Akkyumark", "Synthetics" na TPM.

Nti eziokwu: 338 Lapua Magnum aghọwo aha maka akwụkwọ si usoro isiokwu bụ "Stalker". Mgbe na-emepe emepe na-etinye ọrụ nke katrij chepụtara okwu "dinta". Ya mere, anyị wee malite ịkpọ na-agba ụta na prohibitive anya.

Oke nke caliber maka sniping

E nwere ọtụtụ echiche, ma ha niile na-ekweta na otu ihe: e nwere ụfọdụ eluigwe na ala caliber, na 338 sokwa. Ke adianade do, mmetụta nke caliber nwere ike ịdị iche na nke dabere n'elu bullet, arọ ya na udi, nakwa dị ka ego nke gunpowder. Akụ nwere ike onwe ha modifying mgbọ, ọtụtụ na-agbanwe agbanwe kwa na n'akụkụ aka nri nke ya, ma o nwere akpan akpan na kwesịrị naanị okwu banyere factory cartridges. N'ebe nile nwere ya mmejọ na gupuru. Onye ọ bụla nlele si anagide naanị na set aga-eme maka ya, ya mere ihe mbụ ị ga-ekpebi na ha.

Light gauges (n'okpuru iri atọ) na-now àjà fọrọ nke nta niile na-emepụta ngwá agha. Ọ bụrụ na mbụ e kweere na ìhè calibers bụ nanị adabara firing nsannsan erughị 300 mita, bụ ugbu a na mpi-eme egwuregwu na-eji ya ọbụna mgbe agbapụ anya ruo otu kilometa. Isi plus nke caliber - agagharị. Dịtụ obere ogwe aka ya na mgbọ ibu na-ahapụ gị na-ebu ihe mgbọ na ngwa ngwa ikwu na-agbanwe agbanwe ọnọdụ.

Na-ajụ-caliber, ka nke bụ nke na .338, mere maka anya égbè. E jiri ya tụnyere ìgwè nke mbụ, ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá agha ndị ọzọ siri ike. Ke adianade do, ya iji na-achọ ukwuu iwu ibu: 338 "Lapua" oge izu site na ihe nsu, na mgbe na-eji irutụrụ mgbọ nwere ike fọrọ nke nta 100% ohere na-ekwu na a ga-enweghị ohere na-adị ndụ n'ime ụmụ mmadụ.

Arọ calibers - "fifties" nnọọ emegiderịta. Na otu aka, ha na-eme ihe ndị magburu onwe ọrụ na-emeri ngwá karịrị anya, kama megide manpower bụghị otú irè. Ee, 50-caliber égbè bullet bụ ike izipu a anya nke abụọ kilomita, ma na-enwe mmetụta na ọtụtụ ihe na-na omume iji ọkụ na uto nke lekwasịrị na-aghọ ihe fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume. Ya mere, na ezi hit na ọnọdụ ndị dị otú - a na-abụghị ndị na-adịchaghị mkpa ikpe. Echefula na mbụ katrij e mere maka a na igwe egbe.

ọgwụgwụ

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị mgbọ ịnagide ihe aga-eme kenyere ya, ọ nwere ụfọdụ ọghọm. Tụnyere "fifties" nta caliber égbè 338. Ha itu nkezi nke otu na ọkara obere. Otú o sina caliber 338 anaghị agbanwe ike mmetụta na deafening ụda nke a shot. Égbè ga-onwem na a Ekechila ọnụ breeki, na akụ na-ike na-atụ aro iji esi chebe gị na-anụ. The égbè nwere a ibu 4.3 n'arọ mmetụta hà 6,88 kg / cm, nke dara n'ime udi n'elu nkezi.

338 caliber égbè na-adịghị mmefu ego na udi. Iji ghọta na zuru nwere nke ngwá agha na mgbọ dị mkpa ịzụta ihe dị oké ọnụ dị ike Gbasara Anya. Ọ na-atụ aro na-enye a égbè silencer ịnụ nchebe na aka iji gbochie na-agbasa irighiri gburugburu.

Ọ na-kweere na caliber 338 e kere jupụta a ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị .30 caliber (7.62 mm) na .50 (12.7mm). Ikekwe nke a bụ otú ahụ. E jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ mụụrụ 338 Lapua, site mesikwuru ọdọ mmiri, obere gụrụ ifufe na na-mma nọgidere na-enwe kinetic ike na mpaghara, na a na-enye ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu mmetụta.

N'ihi na nke ewepụghị trajectory munition gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ ike n'etiti ọkachamara agha na ndị uwe ojii snipers. Na nke kwesịrị ekwesị ngwá agha ọ bụ ike nke na-agba n'elu a kilometa anya, na n'okpuru mma ọnọdụ, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, na-enye naanị 15 sentimita ikposa n'oge firing na nke a anya. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ihe niile na-ejedebeghị naanị site ike nke akụ.