Cellular concretes: ụdị, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ntoputa na akporo ojiji

Cellular ihe ndị wuru nkume ihe, esịnede a kpọmkwem na-adịgide adịgide gị n'ụlọnga na-enwe a plurality nke upraised shnyh mkpụrụ ndụ, nke na-evenly ekesa n'ime. Ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ di iche iche nke ha. Gradation emee site kwa dị ka ụdị nragide, akporo nke ngwa, na ndị ọzọ na ọnọdụ nke ọ bụla..

nhazi ọkwa

Dabere na nragide cellular ihe na-ekewa n'ime ndị na-esonụ ụdị - ụfụfụ ihe na aerated ihe, foamed gypsum na gazogips, foamed silicate na gas silicate, na penomagnezit na gazomagnezit. Ke akpa idaha, na nragide bụ a ciment, nke abụọ - elu ike gypsum na nke atọ - na nkume nzu, na-anọ - Magnesia akụrụngwa.

Dị ka a oke, dị ka akporo nke ojiji, concretes na-ekewa n'ime kwes na bughi na thermal mkpuchi. The ikpeazụ e kwuru okwu ngwaahịa nke cellular ihe (nkanka) na-ji nnukwu ike na ike ga-eji maka owuwu nke ibu-amị owuwu.

Banyere solidification usoro, e nwere a eke na wuru ụzọ. The mbụ ụdị siri ike n'okpuru nduzi nke ikuku ọnọdụ, na nke abụọ - ruru ka uzuoku ọgwụgwọ.

Akụkọ nke

The mbụ ya mere eme banyere ewu ihe owuwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka cellular ihe, ụbọchị azụ 1889. Mgbe ahụ Czech ọkà mmụta sayensị Hoffman e aerated site d Agbakwunye chloride na carbonate salts na simenti slurry. N'ihi ya, chemical mmeghachi omume mere ka a N'ihi nke gas-effusing. N'ime oge ahụ, ngwọta e sikwuo ike, na porous Ọdịdị e guzobere nime ya. Afọ iri na ise mgbe e mesịrị America na Dyer Aulsvort ka a gas na-akpụ powder na-eji, esịnede nke adịghị nke zinc, aluminum na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ ọla. The na mmekọrịta nke hydrogen a tọhapụrụ, na-egwu ọrụ nke ihe intumescent mmako. Ọ bụ nke a mepụtara bụ ihe ndabere nke oge a na mmepụta nke aerated ihe.

Great onyinye mmepe nke mmepụta nke na-ewu ihe mere Swedish nchepụta nke Ericsson. Na 1920, ọ chọrọ ka distend ngwọta site na-agbakwụnye siliceous ihe onwunwe na simenti. Ekwesi na nke a ga-erukwa na ihe autoclave na a mgbali nke 8 atmospheres. Mgbe na cellular ihe n'ụzọ dị otú a malitere-emepụta na Sweden onwe ya, na mgbe ahụ na mba ndị ọzọ. N'ime oge ahụ, anyị na-kpụrụ dị nnọọ abụọ iche. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ gas silicate, na-anọchite anya a ihe na porous Ọdịdị, nke gụnyere a ngwakọta nke wayo na siliceous nwekwara. Na 1934 e nwekwara a abụọ anya - siporex - SOS toyaschy nke siliceous mmiri na Portland ciment.

Modern mmepụta na akporo

Na ọtụtụ cellular ihe (GOST 21520-89) bụ ugbu a dị n'ụdị nke nkanka. Ha na-ewere otu nke kasị nkịtị ụlọ ihe (tinyere seramiiki brik). Ma ndị na-akporo, ọ bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ, n'ihi na ndị a nkanka wuru ihe niile si nkịtị n'ime ime mgbidi, na-agwụcha na ibu-amị mgbidi. Ọkọlọtọ size nkanka bụ 600h300h200 millimeters. Otú ọ dị, dị na-arịọ arịrịọ, na ndị ọzọ. N'ihe banyere ebe njupụta nke efere bụ ihe na-erughị narị ise kilogram kwa cubic mita, ọ ga-eji ọbụna n'ụdị a okpomọkụ-egbochi ihe oyi akwa.