Chemical Njirimara asịd

Asịd akpọ mgbagwoju ogige esịnede hydrogen atọm-enwe ike-anọchi metal atọm, na acid fọduru.

Asịd bụ electrolytes. Chemical Njirimara asịd na-kọwaa ha mejupụtara.

Were acid dị iche iche ihe mgbakwasị:

1. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị hydrogen atọm.

2. Site ọnụnọ nke oxygen.

3. Dị ka ogo dissociation.

Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oxygen atọm (a na-adabere na chemical Njirimara asịd) ha na-ekewa n'ime anoxic (hydrogen sulfide, hydrochloric acid na na. D.) Ma oxygen-nwere (nitric, sulfurous, na silicic t. D.)

Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị hydrogen atọm nke acid bụ:

- monobasic, nwere otu hydrogen atọm (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid);

- dibasic nwere abụọ hydrogen atọm (na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid, hydrogen sulphide);

- tribasic nwere atọ hydrogen atọm (phosphoric).

Dị ka atọ ikpehe acid ekewa adịghị ike electrolytes (phosphoric, carbonic, wdg D.) Ndien ike electrolytes (hydrochloric, nitric, na igirigi ibu sulphuric).

Chemical Njirimara asịd

Ọnụnọ nke hydrogen ion na acid ngwọta na-ekpebi ha acidic gburugburu ebe obibi na utoojoo uto. Otú ọ dị, i nwere ike na-agbalị ka ha na ire dị ka o kwere chemical Burns.

Litmus methyl oroma egosi na-agbanwe ya na agba n'okpuru nduzi nke asịd.

Acid ngwọta na-eme na isi oxides, n'ihi na guzobere nnu na mmiri.

The asịd eme na metal na-ekpe nke ndị hydrogen mmewere n'usoro voltaji ọla. N'ihi bụ a metal nnu na hydrogen.

The asịd eme na bases. The mmeghachi omume na-amịrị a nnu, na mmiri. The mmeghachi omume n'etiti acid na alkali (isi) a na-akpọ mmeghachi omume neutralization.

The asịd eme na nnu ngwọta, mgbe ọnọdụ nke omume na N'ezie nke mmeghachi omume na njedebe nke ion mgbanwe, i.e. a ịkpali ma ọ bụ a gas na-tọhapụrụ.

The chemical Njirimara nke organic asịd nwere onwe ha e ji mara.

Njirimara nke phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid na ya okenye agbanwe agbanwe bụ ihe na-adịghị ike asịd ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka nitric na igirigi ibu sulphuric. Nke a acid, nke Ọdịdị e nwere atọ oxygen atọm. An electrolytic dissociation nke phosphoric acid na-ewe ebe stepwise. Ahụkarị acid - phosphoric acid, ya chemical Njirimara na-kọwaa mejupụtara.

The ngwọta nke phosphoric acid, dihydrogen phosphate ion nọ na isi. Ion nke na-guzobere na nke abụọ dissociation ogbo bụ nke ukwu na-erughị, na phosphate ion, n'ihi nke atọ ionization ogbo, fọrọ nke nta na-anọghị. Na a akpa ogbo phosphoric acid - ajụ ike acid. Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere atọ ụdị nke acidic residues na mmekọrịta nke phosphoric acid na alkali salts na-guzobere dị ka ndị a: phosphates, hydrogen phosphates na dihydrogen phosphates.

Orthophosphoric acid nwere ike na-akwanyere ùgwù ọ bụla ọzọ site na acid meghachi omume na ọlaọcha nitrate, na nke na-kpụrụ a odo ịkpali. Ọzọ site asịd mmekọrịta na silver nitrate na-etolite a na-acha ọcha ịkpali. Orthophosphoric acid na kpo oku na Nleta mmiri cleaves pyrophosphoric acid.

Chemical Njirimara nke hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid bụ a siri ike monobasic acid na-ahụkarị Njirimara asịd. Colorless ubé fuming mmiri mmiri ngwọta nke hydrogen chloride na mmiri. Salts nke hydrochloric acid na-akpọ "chloride".

Hydrochloric acid nwere ike na-akwadebe site omume ngwọta nke sodium chloride na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid, na hydrogen chloride etisasịwo mmiri. Hydrochloric acid mkpatụ na a isi, si otú na-akpụ a nnu na mmiri. Site omume na alkali neutralization mmeghachi omume na-adị. I nwere ike ịchọpụta a na-egosi. ya na agba mgbanwe, na-ekwu a na-anọpụ iche ngwọta.

The mmeghachi omume nke hydrochloric acid na ọlaọcha nitrate-eduga ná guzobe nke unyi anaghị agbasa na salts - silver chloride nke precipitates.

Hydrochloric acid mkpatụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ọla. Ọ bụrụ na-etinye n'ime ihe ngwọta, zinc, ifịk ifịk guzobere amalite na ntọhapụ nke hydrogen.

Hydrochloric acid bụ ahụkarị acid, mkpatụ na bases, ọla na salts.