Courland n'akpa uwe - akụkọ myths

History abụchaghị eziokwu. Karịsịa a otutu nke ntule n'ihi na agha nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. The party na-edu ndú nwere mmasị eziokwu na ihe ọmụma ọnọ ke a mma ìhè n'ihi na mba. Taa n'omume n'ụra ideological ákwà na-eyịride ihe dị ka ndị Courland n'akpa uwe ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

Dị ka a akụkụ nke USSR

World War II emetụta n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ụwa. The agha dị ka a mberede ka ndị nkịtị. Ma agadi management bụghị naanị maara banyere mgbanwe ndị na-na-eru nso, na ọbụna na-akwadebe maka agha edinam.

Nke bụ eziokwu na ndị ọchịchị nke Union, na Germany maara taa nwere ike ịgwa ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Otu n'ime ha - na Molotov-Ribbentrop mmeko, nke zoo ezi ebumnobi maka ukara aha nke "ndị na-abụghị ime ihe ike mmeko." Ọ bịanyere aka a nzuzo protocol nke Latvia bịara n'okpuru Soviet mmetụta.

Na October 1939, n'ókè-ala nke steeti a bilitere karịa 20 000 Russian agha. N'afọ na-esonụ, na June, na Commissar maka Foreign Affairs Molotov etinye Latvia ọnọdụ: na osisi ga-n'afọ ofufo napụrụ ike ha. Soviet agha nwere ebelata ndị na-eguzogide mgbalị. Iji zere na-awụfu ọbara, ọnọdụ nakweere. The ọchịchị ọhụrụ ẹkenịmde a "mma" ntuli aka na a otu nwa akwukwo maka Ndị mmadụ Diet.

August 5, 1940 Latvia sonyeere ndị Soviet Union. So n'ókèala, sonyeere, ma a region ebe e Courland n'akpa uwe e mesịrị.

Na brink nke agha

Sotere ada nke ndị gbachiteere onwe nke steeti. June 22, 1941, na Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Fascist mwakpo rutere n'ala ndị a. Site n'etiti July, mba ahụ dum nọ na-arụ. Ọ nọgidere na n'okpuru idu ndú nke onye iro ọhụrụ mba ruo mgbe okpomọkụ nke 1944.

N'ezie nke World War II mebiri mgbe Agha nke Kursk. Kemgbe ahụ, bụ ndị Red Army nke usoro ụzọ.

N'oge okpomọkụ nke Union agha rutere Baltic States. E malitere bụrụkwa ogbo nke ntọhapụ. The n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Latvia nọgidere nwere ruo mgbe October. Red mere ha na-aga Baltic Oké Osimiri na kwụsịrị nso Lithuanian obodo nke Palanga. German otu "North", esịnede nke 16 na 18 Army, e ebipụ ndị ọzọ nke otu "Center". N'ihi ya, akụkụ mbụ bụ na dịịrị banye na mmiri.

Ihe omume ndị a kere Courland n'akpa uwe. Total 400 000 Germany tọrọ atọ.

Capital ka a lụtara

Ndị Germany na-ejide n'etiti abụọ Soviet asakde iso ese. The akara agbatị na abụọ na narị abụọ kilomita site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Liepaja Tukums.

Na nnukwu oké ọchịchọ, ndị Soviet na-edu ndú emewo na ndibiat. October 10, 1944 malitere ọrụ ịtọhapụ Riga. Ọ e gara site: 1 Shock, 61 nke, 67 nke, 10 nke-eche ha nche Army. Ma ndị Germany megwaara. N'ịmata na ọ gaghị ekwe omume jide obodo, ha rụrụ mberede esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile na kwagara n'ebe oké osimiri. Mgbe ụbọchị atọ gasịrị, ndị Soviet agha nwere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo. October 15 ha banyere n'ime ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

Ozugbo emegide ebechapu ya kpamkpam n'ebe ndị agha "Center", na isi obodo meriri, ndị isi nyere iwu ka a kwụsị onye iro, bụ onye na-elekọta dịịrị banye na mmiri. Kurland ji esi mmiri ọkụ ahụ ga-kacha na kacha mfe lụtara na di ntakiri losses.

The mgbalị mbụ na liquidation

Soviet na-edu ndú malitere ihe rụrụ na 16 October. Otú ọ dị, ndị Germany na-alụ ọgụ. Kpụ ọkụ ọgụ. Soviet agha nọgidere na ọnọdụ ha na-adịghị ike na-n'ókèala ndị ọhụrụ. O gosiri pụrụ iche obi ike 1st Shock Army. Ndị agha ya na-enwe ike iji nweta nnukwu pụta.

Ha jisiri ike were obodo nke Kemer ma gakwuru ndị mgbidi Tukums. Ke ofụri ofụri, ha na-enwe maka banyere 40 km. Ọzọkwa, ha ije kwụsị onye iro.

Red Army kpataara ọzọ igbu na 27 October. The na-edu ndú achọghị kpam-ebibi onye iro. The isi ọrụ bụ imebi site nchebe ya na-agbaji ndị agha n'ime obere ìgwè dị iche iche ndị na-adịghị enwe ike inyere onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Ma m na-ada, "Kurland ji esi mmiri ọkụ". The agha, nke malitere na 27 nke, nọgidere ruo mgbe October 31, mgbe nke ahụ na-akpasu iwe ahụ kwụsịrị.

Foundation odida - n'ime nduzi

Dị ka e mere na-esote ọnwa ole na ole na-agbalị pụrụ nke ndị Nazi, ma ha ọma counter-agha. Ke adianade do, nke ka nke akụrụngwa. Ikpe-eji mgbọ. E nwere nnukwu ọdachi n'etiti ndị agha, a otutu nwụrụ anwụ ma merụọ.

Ke mbubreyo December, ndị Soviet maliteghachiri agha. Ịrịba bụ obodo Liepaja.

Isi ihe mere maka egbu oge ntọhapụ nke ndị dịịrị banye na mmiri bụ mismanagement Red Army marshals. Jogburu nkwurịta okwu ma na-enweghị ike ime na a chọrọ ka o mee dugara ruo ogologo oge mgbochi, nke guzogideworo Courland n'akpa uwe. Memoirs nke ndị Germany, site iche, na-ekwu na ndị Army "North" na-arụ ọrụ cohesively dị ka otu organism. Isi mepụtara a okporo nke ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, nke na-egwuri a dị oké mkpa ọrụ na mmepe nke ọgụ arụmọrụ.

N'ihi ya, ndị agbata obi agha ngwa ngwa ruru n'ókè ebe enyemaka dị mkpa. N'aka nke ọzọ, nwere ike na-awa ole na ole ka ndị agha ma ọ bụrụ na ndị na-abịanụ egwu. Ke adianade do, German n'ókèala e wusiri ike na ike ime ka ogologo oge na-eguzogide.

Oké ọnwụ na ike ndị na-eguzogide

Na ọdịda nke 1944 na mpaghara nke dịịrị banye na mmiri, e nwere 32 nkewa na 1 brigeedi. Na mgbakwunye na Germany na n'akụkụ nke Nazi Germany Alụwo Norwegians, Latvians, Estonia na Dutch. Ha bụ akụkụ nke SS idobere agha. Na, ọ bụ ezie na ha na-adịghị mma na-ebu na agaghị ọzụzụ, ha were ifịk akụkụ na-alụ ọgụ.

Site na njedebe nke afọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị agha, dị ka ike ike data, mgbada n'usoro site na 40 000. na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ e gburu Courland cauldron ke akpa adọ nke mgbalị iji kpochapụ ya. Ọ na-e nkwarụ karịa narị ise tankị.

Ọzọ, nke atọ na-akpasu iwe na ime malitere na 23 January. Ya mkpa bụ mbibi nke nkwukọrịta, nke a rụrụ n'elu ụgbọ okporo ígwè tracks. The agha ndị a lụrụ unsuccessfully ruo ụbọchị asaa. Mgbe ahụ Red Army isi kpebiri inokota nwere n'ókèala.

adịbeghị anya mgbalị

A ọnwa mgbe e mesịrị, ọ malitere anọ ife nke ọgụ na Courland n'akpa uwe (1945). February 20 a nsogbu ọhụrụ e kwuru. Ya kachasi mkpa - na-aga n'osimiri Vartava bipu ndị Germany si n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Liepaja.

N'oge a isi ọrụ na n'ihu akara e tiwara, na Soviet agha were ọzọ 2 kilomita nke onye iro ókèala. Red Army kọrọ a nnukwu-caliber ngwá agha. Ma, dị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke n'ihu, ndị Germany mgbe niile bịakwutere ma ihe na ụmụ mmadụ aka.

Ndị agha nọ na-akwụsị na 28 February.

Na March, akpatre nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ iji chụpụ ndị Germany duziri. Ụfọdụ iche iche nke ndị agha Soviet ịga nke ọma, ma e mesịrị kewapụrụ azụ.

Ọnwụ nke anụ ụlọ ndị agha iri na ihe karịrị 30,000 nwụrụ anwụ na 130.000 merụrụ ahụ ndị mmadụ.

N'ihi na agha Germany

Long akwụsịghị Courland n'akpa uwe. The ikpeazụ agha World War II na mpaghara a biri tupu full kwenye nke Germany. May 9, 1945 ọkara nke ndị agha nyefere. Akụkụ ọzọ na-efu na-agbalị izo.

Ọ ga-kwuru, ha na-stymied. Behind Akwadoo nke ndị Nazi guzo free si Soviet agha Baltic Oké Osimiri.

The Germany nwere na gị kwa ụbọchị abụọ obere, ọ bụghị putara ighe mkpa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri - Liepaja na Ventspils. Ọ bụ site na aru nke mmiri ndị Nazi nwere ike ike jikọọ na Germany. Military enweta nọgide support. Ha na-anapụta nri, mgbọ na ọgwụ. Ọzọkwa ekenịmde ụgbọ njem merụrụ ahụ.

afọ ofufo kwenye

More na ndị ọzọ ọha mmasị na akụkọ myths nke agha ihe mere eme. Kurland ji esi mmiri ọkụ bụ otu ihe dị mkpa usoro n'ókèala na gbanwere ụzọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ ghọrọ ụdị ihe nlereanya nke adịghị ike nke Soviet iwu ka mma na-ekiri onye iro edinam.

Education Kurland nkụzị (a aha na-eyi Army "North" si January 1945), ọ bụ naanị a ndudue. Ndị agha ndị na-ahapụ Latvia n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1944. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na igbu oge nke general Scherner agha na-ebipụ ndị "Center", na kewapụrụ azụ oké osimiri.

Na-enye aka wepụ nkewa nke Berlin natara ihe karịrị otu ugboro. N'okpuru mgbidi Reich zitere ha na ụmụ ha, ndị na-ahụghịkwa agha, mgbe na Courland dịịrị banye na mmiri ọtụtụ puku ndị agha gbachiteere a iri na abuo obere niile.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Hitler infuriated nkịtị aha nke kwenye nke ókèala, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nkewa nke oké osimiri na-ada ka Germany. Ma, ọ bụ akaha. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị iro - isi ihe mere maka iwe arụmọrụ nke USSR. The agha bụ ndị iro ha bukwanu, nkọ atụmatụ, otú onye maara ihe gaara n'elu ihe, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị capitulation nke Berlin.