Dizel mmanụ ụgbọala - na ọ bụ ... umu, iche, ụdị, dizel ọmụmụ

Dizel mmanụ ụgbọala - ọ bụ nnọọ agadi, ma ka na-choro mmanụ ụgbọala maka pistin dizel engines. Ma ọ bụrụ na ya tupu ya akporo ahụ amachaghị n'ihi na ala àgwà na-egbu egbu combustion ngwaahịa, ma ugbu a ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala na-onwem na dizel engines, na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ ike iji melite arụmọrụ na-eme ka mmanụ dizel environmentally friendly.

Gịnị bụ mmanụ dizel

Dizel mmanụ ụgbọala - a arọ mmanụ ụmụ irighiri ihe, nke na-dabere na hydrocarbons na a elu - 200-350 ° C - esi okpomọkụ. Ọ na-eji dị ka mmanụ dị dizel engines na gas dizel engine.

Mere dizel? N'ihi na, n'adịghị ka mmanụ ụgbọala engines, na nke a ngwakọta nke mmanụ ụgbọala na ikuku na-amụnyewo site a icheku ọkụ, a dizel reciprocating engine mmanụ ụgbọala ignites spontaneously n'okpuru ike mkpakọ.

Hibere, mmanụ dizel - bụ uzo, na a elu viscosity karịa nke mmanụ ụgbọala, mmiri mmiri, agba nke nwere ike ịbụ odo, na agba aja aja na dị iche iche shades. The agba nke mmetụta nke resin na mmanụ ụgbọala.

N'oge combustion nke ọ bụla na mmanụ ụgbọala na-arụpụta ike. Dizel mmanụ ụgbọala, na mgbakwunye na nke a isi ọrụ, anamde ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa na ọrụ na engine. Ọ lubricates na mmanụ ụgbọala injectors na nfuli esemokwu elu, cools combustion ulo mgbidi na iyuzucha eji kwa on engines.

The ojiji nke mmanụ dizel

Oké osimiri na osimiri nile, locomotives, agha na -akọ ugbo ugbo ala, gwongworo - nta niile arọ ugbo ala na-agba ọsọ na dizel engines.

Popular adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ na mba ndị mepere emepe nke Europe na-aghọ a ụgbọ ala na-agba na mmanụ dizel. Mmanụ ụgbọala oriri bụ 40% obere na a dizel engine, a na-akwọ ụgbọala ndị agha, ike, na nchebe patency iyuzucha, haruru n'ihu mmanụ ụgbọala.

Dizel fuel- ọ bụ ọzọ echekwa iji rụọ ọrụ, na-eri nke manu. Ọ na-eji na dizel generator tent nke anyịnya na mobile ike ụgbọ, boilers nke kwurula kpo oku usoro.

Dizel mmanụ, nke a na-popularly kwuru na nanị dị ka mmanụ dizel, bụ a mmapụta mmanụ dizel na elu viscosity na mmiri ịgbọ agbọ ebe ruo 400 Celsius C. Nke a na ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala na-eji maka ala ọsọ engines na okenye okporo ígwè iga traktọ. Ke adianade do, a solarium na-impregnated akpụkpọ anụ na akpụkpọ anụ ụlọ ọrụ. Dizel mmanụ smazachno akụkụ nke coolant na metal ọnwụ na imenyụ mmiri mmiri mgbe okpomọkụ mesoo.

Key Atụmatụ

The cetane nọmba (isi oke nke mmanụ dizel) e ji mara ndị flammability nke manu. Ọ na-ekpebi oge oge nke combustion ngwakọta, i.e. oge na elapses n'etiti injection nke manu n'ime cylinder na mmalite nke combustion. The obere oge a bụ, ndị dị elu nke cetane nọmba, na oge bụ ihe na-erughị engine na-ekpo ọkụ. Otú ọ dị, a na-enwekwu iyuzucha anwụrụ ọkụ, nke na-aghọ oké egwu mgbe cetane nọmba elu karịa 55.

Maka usoro nke ọgwụ na mmanụ ụgbọala injection bụ mkpa ya viscosity, nke na-adabere site na n'ígwè e ji mara

Of mmanụ dizel njupụta na-adabere na ya irè na arụmọrụ, n'ihi na elu na njupụta, ndị ọzọ ume na-eme site na combustion.

Otu ihe dị mkpa e ji mara bụ nke ukwu nke sọlfọ nke mejupụtara a mmanụ dizel. Nke a sọlfọ ogige, nke belata corrosion eguzogide mmanụ ọkụ usoro.

Na àgwà nke mmanụ dizel, si na ịmachi filterability okpomọkụ, ie a okpomọkụ na nke mmanụ dizel na esi ike nke ukwuu nke na ọ na-adịghị ruo mgbe niile ma ọ bụ nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aga site nyo nke a ụfọdụ size.

Ọ bụ n'okpuru ígwé ojii ebe, ie okpomọkụ na nke paraffin ẹdude ke mmanụ ụgbọala amalite crystallize.

dizel fuels

Mbemiso 2015, mmanụ dizel na Russian ụkpụrụ kewara ekewa site ụdị. Na ọkọlọtọ ala, e tiri na January 2015 afọ nkewa na-ekwekọ n'àgwà nkewa na gburugburu ebe obibi na klas na dị na European ọkọlọtọ na etịbe dabere na sọlfọ ọdịnaya mmanụ ụgbọala. The sọlfọ ọdịnaya nke karịa 350, 50 na 10 mg / n'arọ kwekọrọ na ụdị m, II, na pụtara na pụtara III K3 gharazie ịba uru na gburugburu ebe obibi ọmụmụ, K4 na K5 dị ka ọhụrụ ọkọlọtọ ala, karị.

Ọ na-adịghị atụ aro iji mmanụ ụgbọala, nke elu-etoju nke sọlfọ, dị ka a na-enwekwu umu anwuru na ikuku, ngwa ngwa corrosion na-eyi ihe nke mmanụ ụgbọala usoro, si otú amụba na-akwụ ụgwọ maka Ugboro nnọchi nke nzacha na mmanụ. A, mma Njirimara naanị na-eduga ná a na-arịa ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Ẹsụhọde na sọlfọ content - a ọnụ lubricity nke mmanụ dizel. Ya mere, iji zọpụta otu n'ime ndị isi ọrụ na mmanụ ụgbọala na-kwukwara dị iche iche nwekwara.

ọkwa dizel

Dizel n'Ule ịdị iche na okpomọkụ, n'okpuru nke a mmanụ ụgbọala nwere ike ji mee. Dị ka a criterion maka filterability ịgba okpomọkụ na-eji. Na Variety agbajikwa anya-oge na okpomọkụ mmanụ dizel na a na-egosi bụghị n'okpuru -20 Celsius C.

Mezuwo A e ji a okpomọkụ nke bụghị ala karịa 5 ° C n'elu efu. N'ihi na onye ọ bụla nke na-esonụ akara ule B, C, D, E na F index belata 5 Celsius C.

Otu ihe atụ bụ dizel euro, ọkwa C, ụdị II na III ma ọ bụ a ọhụrụ version nke gburugburu ebe obibi na klas K4 na K5 a okpomọkụ filterability ise degrees n'okpuru efu na a sọlfọ ọdịnaya nke bụghị ihe karịrị 50 na 10 milligrams kwa kilogram nke manu.

klaasị dizel

Nkewa n'ime klas mmanụ dizel maka oyi ma ọ bụ oyi na-atụ ihu igwe na-adị ọ bụghị nanị na na okpomọkụ filterability, nke abụọ e ji mara bụ ígwé ojii na-ekwu. Na oyi na Arctic mmanụ dizel na ala okpomọkụ na wax crystallization amalite, nke agbazee arụmọrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-akanye nke mmanụ dizel mgbe designation nke Dt ghara akwụkwọ ozi na nọmba, mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ oyi mmanụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ndị Arctic.

ika dizel

Dị ka physicochemical Njirimara, arụmọrụ àgwà, na ọnọdụ nke eji mmanụ dizel ekewa anọ na ụdị na na-akara na isi obodo leta:

- Summer (A), nke na-agụnye mmanụ ụgbọala ọkwa A, B, C, D na filterability ịgba okpomọkụ nke +5 ka -10 Celsius C. Nke a mmanụ dizel ike ga-eji na okpomọkụ n'okpuru 0 Celsius C.

- kara aka (E) n'Ule E na F, na a okpomọkụ nke -15 na -20 ° C karị eji na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe okpomọkụ ranges si +5 na -5 Celsius C.

- Winter (W), nke a na-ekewa na klas si 0 ka 3 na filterability okpomọkụ sitere na site -20 ka -38 ° C na etinyere na ntụ okpomọkụ bụghị n'okpuru -20 Celsius C.

- Arctic (A) a mmanụ ụgbọala ọkwa 4 filterability ịgba okpomọkụ nke mwepu 44 ° C na ihere okpomọkụ ka mwepu 50 ° C (ọjọọ uru akwụkwọ na-esokarị site na okwu "mwepu" na izere-adabaghị icon).

mmanụ ụgbọala na-akanye

Brand aha na-agụnye mmanụ dizel (DF), ọkwa ma ọ bụ otu dabere na ngwa na gburugburu ebe obibi na klas. Nke ahụ bụ, na akara na-egosi na abụọ parameters: na sọlfọ ọdịnaya na ịmachi filterability okpomọkụ.

Taa, ọ bụ omume na-izute ikpo ma ọhụrụ na ndị okenye, e.g., Dt ọkọlọtọ euro 5 Class F, nke guzo dị ka a oyi mmanụ dizel-enwe a sọlfọ ọdịnaya nke bụghị ihe karịrị 50 mg / n'arọ na ịgba okpomọkụ filterability na mwepu 20 ° C, na na ọtụtụ-eji na a Russian oyi na elu ekesidiade environmentally friendly fuels.

Ruo ugbu a, ndị dị otú ahụ labeling catches na L-0,2-62, i.e. mmanụ ụgbọala na-azọpụta adịchaghị ọkwa na-egosi ego nke sọlfọ (200 mg / n'arọ), na flash mgbe 62 Celsius C. The flash mgbe bụghị isi egosi, ma hà ọzọ e ji mara iji kacha mma ọkụ nchekwa a na-ewere mmanụ ụgbọala na a elu okpomọkụ.

Olee otú iji chekwaa dizel

Maka nkezi n'ji, na-enwe a ụgbọala na a dizel engine, nke nke mmanụ dizel nchekwa adịghị mkpa.

Ma n'ihi na ọrụ ebe mmanụ ụgbọala bụ zụrụ ke nnukwu ma echekwara ruo ogologo oge, nsogbu nke nchekwa bụ nnọọ oké mkpa.

Nchekwa nwere dizel na 20 ° C maka otu afọ na na okpomọkụ n'elu 30 ⁰ C nke ọnwa isii iji otu afọ na airtight containers, na-echebe site kpọmkwem ìhè anyanwụ.

Mgbe ịchekwa mmanụ ụgbọala ga-abịa na kọntaktị na ọla kọpa, ọla ma ọ bụ zinc, nke mere na mmanụ ụgbọala na-adịghị clog elu ngwaahịa nke chemical Jeremaya mere na ndị a ọla. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-echebe site mmiri na ájá, na ga nwere enweghị nwekwara nke nwere ike tisaa na nchekwa. Ihe atụ, na dizel fuels na elu klas gburugburu ebe obibi mmako na kwukwara dịkwuo n'ígwè arụmọrụ, nke na-amalite irekasị nnọọ ngwa ngwa.

a mmanụ ụgbọala arụmọrụ dị elu, ya akporo na-nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amụba. E nwere ọhụrụ ụdị nke mmanụ dizel na ọhụrụ na isi mmalite nke ya nnata. Ugbua e nwere ọhụrụ tolite, na mmanụ dizel na-emepụta ọ bụghị naanị site na mmanụ. Ma eleghị anya, ga-eme n'ọdịnihu bụ nke mmanụ dizel si akwukwo nri mmanụ.