Dzhakomo Kvarengi: biography, ọrụ

Ihe e kere eke nke pụrụ iche ọdịdị nke abụọ Russian n'isi obodo, Moscow na St. Petersburg akpan akpan, so budata na architects nke Italian si malite. Creativity Dzhakomo Kvarengi - a na-egbuke egbuke page ihe mere eme nke European na Russian ije nke classicism. Ke adianade-ewu oru nke dị iche iche ọnụ ọgụgụ na nzube ya, n'etiti ha ọtụtụ incarnations ya nketa - graphic Ibé akwụkwọ ezigbo echiche nke obodo (edu ndú) na fancy ụkpụrụ ụlọ ikwọ. Dị ka ya na-amụ craft n'ọgbọ architects.

South omumu

Ọ weere ya a ezi Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Dzhakomo Kvarengi (1744-1817) A mụrụ ndị ezinụlọ a so na City Court nke Northern Italian obodo nke Bergamo. Ọchịchọ nke visual nkà bụ butere n'aka: nna nna ya na nna na-ewere ọkà ese. On ya oke nke ije dị ka isi na-arụ ná ndụ emetụtawo maruuru Vincenzo Brenna (1745-1820), mgbe ahụ, ghọrọ ikpe-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Paul m, na Jọn. B. Piranesi (1720-1778), oké nna ukwu nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ndịna.

Ndịrịta preferences Dzhakomo Kvarengi kpụrụ mgbe nzukọ ama inem nke Andrea Palladio (1508-1580), "Anọ Akwụkwọ nke Architecture". Na-arụ ọrụ a e kwuru na atụmatụ nke omenala iwu na-etinyere na oge ochie ije na mepụtara a usoro iji gboo usoro maka atụmatụ na mmepe nke ụlọ facade ngwọta. Palladianstva ruo ogologo oge bụ isi N'ezie nke ndị oge gboo style.

Ịmụta na ndị oge gboo nketa

N'omume maka ọmụmụ ikike-ígwè usoro maka Dzhakomo Kvarengi nkiri nke ọtụtụ Italian obodo - Rome, Florence, Verona, Venice. Ha abụghị naanị jupụtara oge ochie ncheta, kamakwa ndị ahụ ezigbo omenala nke Renaissance.

The Renaissance bụ oge a na ụkpụrụ nke elu kwekọrọ, mepụtara na Gris oge ochie na Rom oge ochie, e ẹmende site omenkà dị iche iche ubi nke European omenala. Obmeryannye na sketched Dzhakomo Kvarengi wuru kacha mma nka nke oge - Alberti, Bramante na, n'ezie, Palladio - ígwè na-eto eto-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ atụ nke okike mmepe nke oge ochie omenala na ije. O gosiri mmasị n'ebe ụlọ na wuru nna ukwu nke n'oge classicism na England na France.

Na mmalite nke a okike ụzọ

The mbụ isi ka Quarenghi bụ nwughari nke ụka nke Santa Scholastica, emi odude ke obio Subiaco, na nso nso Italian isi obodo. The ime nke chọọchị, ọ na-eji classic ọcha: niches, pilasters na ogidi nke Ionic iji. Nkà haziri ọkụ nyeere nweta mfe ma ikpọ-anọ amụta nke n'ụlọ ndozi.

The mfe na austerity nke nkà na compositional ngwọta ibu akọwapụta atụmatụ nke ya ji aka dee. A usoro eji na-arụ ọrụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Dzhakomo Kvarengi na mgbe malitere ya na-eme na Russia.

N'obí Catherine Ukwu

Ebe ọ bụ na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1779 na-amalite ọrụ nke 35-afọ Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Russian n'ụlọikpe. O nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma banyere ugbu Palladian oge gboo ije na zuru ezu ahụmahụ n'itinye ha na omume. Ya rutere bịara n'ezi oge, n'ihi na uto mmasị nke Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu megide ukara style gbanwere.

Ọ kwụsịrị jide arọ ọdịnala French classicism, ezigbo ghọrọ nụchara anụcha neoclassical Palladian. Dzhakomo Kvarengi dị ka a na-eso ụzọ na a na-akwadosi nke Palladio ngwa ngwa ghọrọ isi nke ọhụrụ okwukwo nke Russian ụkpụrụ ụlọ echiche. Ya talent e mma site n'ọmụmụ ihe nlereanya kasị mma nke oge ochie ije, na nkwurịta okwu na-ghọtara na ụlọ architects: I. Starov, N. Lvov, Charles Cameron na ndị ọzọ.

English Obí na Peterhof

The mbụ isi oru ngo na Russian ala bụ n'obí, emi odude ke English ogige nke Peterhof. Dzhakomo Kvarengi malitere ọrụ na ya na 1780. Dị ka ha na aesthetic echiche, ihe Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, tọrọ ntọala maka atụmatụ na volumetric ngwọta Palladian ụlọ cubic ụdị na a kasị asatọ kọlụm owuwu ụzọ mbata nke dị na Kọrịnt iji. Ukwu na nnukwu otosịrị iru jikọtara na mfe na nghọta nke ndị ndozi.
Creative obibia depụtara saịtị a-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Giacomo Quarenghi kere ya maka a mba biri na Tsarskoye Selo - anọ ụka na ọtụtụ okpukpe ụlọ - n'ụzọ zuru ezu na akara na-amasị nke isi ahịa, Catherine. N'ihi na a doro Italian aha "-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke ikpe."

Oge nke na ọganihu na-aga nke ọma

C ọrụ na Concert ulo-ǹdò-na Tsarskoye Selo, na nso nso Catherine Obí (1782), malitere ihe ịga nke ọma afọ iri maka atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. N'oge a, o kere ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama oru maka St. Petersburg na Moscow. Na ntụziaka nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, ọ na-emelite interiors nke Winter Obí, iwu ọtụtụ ụlọ gburugburu isi alaeze ukwu obibi. Dzhakomo Kvarengi, onye biography ugbu a nwee njikọ chiri anya na Russian isi obodo, na-ewu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-akọwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị image nke isi obodo dum ala. Otu n'ime ha - a mgbagwoju nke ndutịm ụlọ nke Academy nke Sciences (1783-1785) na ụlọ nke Assignation Bank (1783-1799). Ọ na-arụ ọrụ siri ike ma na-elekọta onwe iwu, decorating isi obodo na ebe obibi ezi ihe nlereanya nke Russian classic manor. Otu n'ime ha bụ mansion Bezborodko na nri mben Neva (1783-1784), na Yusupov mansion na Fontanka (1789-1792), bụ ụlọ Vietinghoff (1786) na ndị ọzọ.

House na Obí mkpọda

A ezigbo masterpiece nke oge a - na hermitage Ụlọ ihe nkiri Dzhakomo Kvarengi (1783-1787). A abụọ-storey ụlọ na rusticated loggia, ubé recessed n'etiti abụọ projections - ntule na facade - na mma na nnukwu Corinth, bụ a ezigbo mkpuru nke isi mgbagwoju nke ọchịchị ụlọ. A kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na-eso ụzọ nke Palladio, Quarenghi ke imewe nke n'ụlọ mgbakọ ayak fọrọ nke nta verbatim oyiri ụlọ nke akwa andikpep. Na atụmatụ ogbo na oche, na hermitage Ụlọ ihe nkiri ndozi ọcha yiri nnọọ ka Teatro Olimpico na Vicenza, e site Andrea Palladio.

Projects maka Moscow

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama ụlọ ọrụ na e wuru Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka throned - ochie Gostiny Dvor. Dzhakomo Kvarengi malitere ya ewu na 1789. The ụlọ ruru ugbu a a ịrịba mgbanwe na N'ezie nke alterations na restorations mgbe ọtụtụ oku. Ma chekwaa Egwulegwu na Kọrịnt ogidi nwere ike na-eme atụmatụ adabako oge gboo agwa ụlọ.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị ụlọ nke Moscow - Golovin Obí na Lefortovo (1780) na a shopping Egwulegwu na Red Square (1786). Ụlọ na isi mepere emepe na-adịghị ẹnịm, na ọzọ ụlọ - Hospice Sheremetyev na Sukharev Square (1803-1807) - ka nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ na kwekọrọ.

Mgbe e mesịrị na ndụ na creativity

E na wuru Dzhakomo Kvarengi nkiri nke St. Petersburg metụtara mmalite nke XVIII narị afọ - agụmakwụkwọ, nlekọta ahụ ike na ụlọ ọha. Konnogvardeysky playpen (1804-1807) dị iche akwa anya, nke a na-egosipụta ya site asatọ owuwu ụzọ mbata Roman Doric. Mariinsky ụlọ ọgwụ na Foundry (1803-1805) ji ò atụmatụ ngwọta na mfe ndozi. Favorite nwa Kvarengi mesịrị oge ghọrọ ndị Smolny Institute (1806-1808). Ngwakọta nke ọma na gburugburu ebe obibi, ụlọ a na-agbara ndị kasị mkpa echiche palladianstva. The expressiveness nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọdịdị na-enweta site a zọpụta nke ezigbo mgbidi na ogologo plastically ọgaranya na-elekwasị anya na etiti nke mejupụtara. Ha ghọrọ a oké owuwu ụzọ mbata na isi n'ụdị ihe Egwulegwu.

Giacomo Antonio Quarenghi ọrụ ọ bụghị nanị na isi obodo ya, ma n'ihi n'ógbè obodo nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Mara na ya European ewu. Na-ejikọ ha na akara aka na Russia, ọ bụ na njedebe nke ya, ụbọchị ya nọgidere nke ya Patriot. Mgbe, n'oge Bonaparte niile Ịtali iwu iji laghachi n'ala nna ha, Quarenghi jụrụ, a ikpe na absentia site Italian eze ọnwụ. The ikpeazụ ịrịba oru ngo nke oké-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-ewere dị ka ebube Njiko nke Triumph (1814) wuru na St. Petersburg na oge nke nloghachi nke na-enwe mmeri agha Russia e merisịrị Napoleon.

Dzhakomo Kvarengi. akwụkwọ eji achọ ọrụ

• September 20, 1744 - na n'ebe ugwu nke Italy, na obi nke Bergamo, na onye-ikpe ezinụlọ, a mụrụ ọzọ oké-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ụdị na-ese.
• Site 1762 - egosipụta ọmụmụ na Rome na R. Mengs, na ije nke S. Pozzi, A. Derize, N. Dzhansomini.
• 1769 - mmalite nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-eme, oru, okpukpe ụlọ na gburugburu Rome na Lombardy.
• September 1, 1779 - Quarenghi ịrịba ama nkwekọrịta na-enye Ndụmọdụ na Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu IY Reyfenshteynom na-abịa na-arụ ọrụ na Russia.
• 1780-1817 - imewe na-ewu management nke ọha na eze na residential ụlọ ke St. Petersburg, Moscow, nke dị n'ógbè, na mba Europe.
• 1811 - jụrụ ịhapụ onye Russian ọrụ na iwu nke Bonapartist ọchịchị, n'ihi na nke a makwara ya ikpe ka ha nwua na siizi onwunwe.
• March 2, 1817 - Dzhakomo Kvarengi akpa ke St. Petersburg. E mesịrị reburied na Alexander Nevsky Obibi.