Ebe obibi annelids. atụmatụ annelids

Tụlee nọmba nke ụmụ anụmanụ, nke na-amụrụ bayoloji, - ụdị Annelida. Anyị na-amụta banyere echiche ha, si ebi ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, esịtidem na mpụga Ọdịdị.

General e ji mara

Annelids (nwekwara nanị na-akpọ ha annelids, ma ọ bụ annelids) - nke a bụ otu n'ime ha nnukwu ìgwè dị iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ, nke na-agụnye, dị ka dị iche iche na isi mmalite, banyere 18 puku umu. Ha bụ ndị na-abụghị skeletal vertebrates, nke na-abụghị nanị abuana ke Ihere organic bekee, ma na-na-ihe dị mkpa akụrụngwa nke anụmanụ ọzọ oriri na-edozi.

Annelids ahụ kewara ekewa site esịtidem mgbidi n'ime agba nke izu oke nke elu mgbanaka. Ọ bụ nke a mma ma nye aha ụdị. N'etiti annelids nwere ike ime naanị na anụcha ala, kamakwa Mutualists (ikpuru bi na symbiosis ọzọ organism), ectoparasites (bi ahu n'elu), bloodsucking nje, anụ, scavengers, iyo.

ebe obibi annelids

Ebe i nwere ike izute ụmụ anụmanụ? Ebe obibi annelids nnọọ mbara - na oké osimiri, na ala, na ọhụrụ mmiri. Nnọọ iche iche annelids na-ebi na nnu mmiri nke oké osimiri. Annelids nwere ike dị na niile latitudes na ogbu nke oké osimiri, ọbụna na ala nke Mariana trenchi. Ha njupụta dị elu - ruo 100 000 mbipụta kwa square mita nke n'ala n'elu. Marine annelids bụ mmasị nri nke azụ na-egwu ọrụ dị mkpa mmiri ilekota.

Na ọhụrụ mmiri ime ukwuu n'ime ọbara-aṅụ nje - leeches, nke, akpan akpan, na-eji nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Ná mba okpomọkụ, ndị idide nwere ike ibi na osisi na ala.

Aquatics bụghị naanị iri ari, tinyere ala ma ọ bụ lie ha n'ime apịtị, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike iru a na-echebe tube na ibi ndụ na-enweghị mgbe ahapụ ya.

The kasị mara bụ annelids na-ebi na ala, na-akpọ ha earthworms. The njupụta nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na ahịhịa na ọhịa Ona nwere ike iru ruo mkpụrụ 600 kwa square mita. Ndị a ikpuru na-ifịk ke ala guzobere.

klas annelids

About afọ 200 gara aga, Zhorzh Kyuve arụ ọrụ na nhazi ọkwa nke anụmanụ ụwa na kwuru 6 ụdị ndị nnọchianya ya. Ndị a gụnyere ụmụ ahụhụ - e kere eke bụ ndị ahụ na-ekewa n'ime agba: crabs, spiders, ụmụ ahụhụ, woodlice, earthworms na leeches.

Ọ bụ omume na-ole na ole aha na atụmatụ nke annelid ikpuru, n'ihi nke ha na e ekenyela na a iche iche ụdị. Nke a nnweta tsellomy (nke abụọ ahụ oghere), metamerism (segmentation) nke ahụ na ọbara usoro. Ke adianade do, annelids e ji mara nke ọnụnọ nke kpọmkwem ngwa ngagharị - parapodial. Na annelids ụjọ usoro na-mepụtara, nke bụ ihe Supra-oesophageal ganglion na ventral akwara ụdọ. Ọdịdị nke ahụ excretory usoro - metanefridialnoe.

Ụdị segmented ikpuru kewara 4 klaasị. Klas annelids:

1. Polychaete annelids (polychaetes na-akpọ ha). Na klas a, a atọ sub-klas nwere ike mata: a free-akpali akpali, nọdụ-mmasị na myzostomida.
2. Oligochaete annelids (Oligochaeta).
3. Leeches. Na nke a na klas na-4 unit: pharyngeal, n'agba, na Seta-amị proboscidians leeches.
4. Ehiuridovye.

Mpụga Ọdịdị nke annelids

Annelids nwere ike na-akpọ ndị kasị ukwuu haziri ndị nnọchiteanya nke otu nke ikpuru. The size nke ahụ ha àmà site a ole na ole ụmụ irighiri ihe nke a millimeter abụọ mita! The worm ahụ nwere ike kere atọ akụkụ: isi, toso na gbasara ike n'ọnụ ọnụ. Atụmatụ annelids na a doro anya nkewa n'ime ngalaba, dị ka elu anụmanụ maka nzukọ, na annelids bụghị.

On isi nke worm dị iche iche na uche ziri ezi. Ọtụtụ annelids ọma mepụtara ọhụụ. Ufodi annelids nwere ike ịnya isi a karịsịa nkọ ọhụụ na mgbagwoju Ọdịdị nke anya. Otú ọ dị, akụkụ nke ọhụụ nwere ike dị bụghị nanị na isi, ma na-na na ọdụ, ahụ ma ọ bụ tentacles.

Mepụtara na ikpuru na mouthfeel. Worms nwere ike isi n'ihi ọnụnọ nke olfactory sel ciliated olulu. ikpe akụkụ na-ndokwa site ụdị locators. Ụfọdụ ehiruidy ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti nnọọ ala ụda site na-anụ akụkụ, yiri na Ọdịdị na a mpụta akara na azụ.

Akụkụ okuku ume na usoro ọbara ji erugharị nke annelids

Oligochaeta eku ume dum elu nke ahụ ya. Ma ugbu polychaete akụkụ okuku ume na akụkụ - gills. Ha na-bushy, ma ọ bụ pinnate akwukwo outgrowths parapodium jupụtara ukwuu nke ọbara arịa.

The ọbara usoro a mechiri emechi annelids. Ọ mejupụtara abụọ nnukwu arịa - na ventral na dorsal, na jikọọ mgbanaka arịa na onye ọ bụla nke. The ije nke ọbara na-rụrụ site na mbenata ụfọdụ ebe nke ọgidigi azụ ma ọ bụ okirikiri arịa.

The ọbara usoro annelids jupụtara bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ụmụ mmadụ, ọbara uhie. Nke a pụtara na ọ bụ ugbu a na ígwè. Otú ọ dị, otu bụghị a akụkụ nke haemoglobin ndị ọzọ ink - hemerythrin nke were 5 ugboro ọzọ oxygen. Nke a na atụmatụ-enye ikpuru ibi ọnọdụ nke oxygen erughi.

Digestive na excretory usoro

Annelids digestive usoro nwere ike kere atọ. Foregut (stomodeum) na-agụnye ọnụ na onu uji eze, nkọ agha, pharynx, asọ gland na warara na nkọlọ.

The onu uji eze, nke a na-akpọ buccal ngalaba bụ ike na-atụgharị ntughari. N'ihi na nke a ngalaba na-emi odude jaws na-kpudo ihu. Nke a ngwa na-eji weghara na-eri anụ.

Mgbe ndị a mezodeum, midgut. Ọdịdị nke nkebi nke a bụ edo n'elu dum ogologo nke toso. Midgut asụchikwa na agbasapụ, ọ bụ na nke a mgbaze emee. The hindgut dị mkpụmkpụ, agwụcha ike.

The excretory usoro na-anọchi anya metanephridia ụzọ abụọ dị na onye ọ bụla nke. Ha na-unyi si ahụ oghere ọmụmụ.

Ụjọ usoro na uche akụkụ

All klas nke annelids bụ ụjọ ganglionic-ụdị usoro. Ọ mejupụtara peripharyngeal akwara mgbanaka, nke na-kpụrụ interconnected Suprapharyngeal ganglia na hypopharynx, na ụzọ abụọ nke yinye abdominal ganglion, emi odude ke ọ bụla nke.

Uche ziri ezi na annelids na-ọma mepụtara. Worms nwere nkọ ụzọ, ịnụ ihe, isi, aka. Ụfọdụ annelids bụghị naanị enwetaghị ìhè, ma ha onwe ha nwere ike emit ya.

amụba

Annelids e ji mara na-egosi na ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụdị anụmanụ nwere ike mụta nwa ma mmekọahụ na asexually. Asexual mmeputakwa nwere ike rụrụ site na aru chunking. Worm gbawara n'ime halves, onye ọ bụla nke ha na-aghọ full ndị mmadụ.

Na nke a, na ụmụ anụmanụ ọdụ bụ otu nọọrọ onwe ha unit na ike na-eto eto a ọhụrụ isi. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a abụọ isi amalite na-etolite na etiti nke irighiri ahu n'iru nkewa.

Budding bụ obere nkịtị. Nke otu mmasị bụ ụdị nke na budding usoro nwere ike ekpuchi dum ahu, mgbe onye ọ bụla nke pue n'azụ nsọtụ. Na usoro nke mmeputakwa pụrụ kpụrụ na ndị ọzọ ọnụ na oghere, nke e mesịrị ga-ekewapụ n'ime onwe ha n'otu n'otu.

Worms nwere ike ịbụ dioecious, ma ụfọdụ ụdị (tumadi leeches na earthworms) mepụtara androgyny, mgbe ma ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-rụrụ n'out oge na ọrụ nke nwanyi na nwoke. Njikọta spam nwere ike ime ma na ahu na na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ka ihe atụ, mmiri ikpuru, mmekọahụ imepụtaghachi, Fertilization bụ mpụga. Hetero anụmanụ emit ha mmekọahụ mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime mmiri, ebe anọ na nke spam na egg. Site ịmụpụta àkwá iputa larvae, ọ bụghị ka ndị okenye. Buo na terrestrial annelids enweghị larval ogbo, ozugbo ahụ ha na-mụrụ yiri na Ọdịdị ka okenye.

klas Polychaetes

Polychaete ikpuru nwere kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ umu n'etiti annelids. Ukwuu n'ime klas na-anọchi anya free-bi mmiri ụmụ anụmanụ. E nwere dịpụrụ adịpụ freshwater na parasitic umu.

Marine annelids nke a na klas ndị dị iche iche dị na ụdị na àgwà. Polychaete dị iche iche nke ọma họrọ na ọnụnọ nke isi ngalaba parapodial, mbụ N'ịdị. Ha na-predominantly heterosexual, irighiri development emee na metamorphosis.

Nereids ifịk ifịk ise n'elu nwere ike igwu n'ime yl. Ha nwere a serpentine ahu na ọtụtụ parapodial anụmanụ kpuchie Nkea na-enyemaka nke a retractable akpịrị. Lugworms ọdịdị yiri earthworms na miri lie ya ájá. Ihe na-akpali e ji mara annelid worm-lobworm na ọ na-akwali na ájá hydraulically, pushing abdominal ọmụmụ site na otu nke ọzọ.

Ọchịchọ ịmata na sedentary ikpuru serpulidae ndị bi na gburugburu ma ọ bụ kpara akpa lime akpa. Serpulidae protrude si n'ebe obibi ha nanị na a isi na nnukwu onye ofufe ekara gills.

klas Oligochaeta

Oligochaeta ukwuu n'ime na-ebi na ala na ọhụrụ mmiri, n'oké osimiri ime sporadically. Ọdịdị nke ahụ annelid ikpuru nke klas iche site na-anọghị parapodial, homonomous segmentation nke ahụ ahụ, ọnụnọ nke glandular belt na tozuru okè.

The isi ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị kwuru na, ọ nwere ike na-efunahụ nke anya-ya abua na ejiji. Isi mere ndokwa bristles rudiments parapodial. Ndị dị otú ahụ a na Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'ihi na eziokwu na anụmanụ na-burrowing si ebi ndụ.

A nnọọ nkịtị na maara ihe niile oligochaetes bụ earthworms na-ebi na ala. irighiri ahụ pụrụ ịbụ ihe ole na ole sentimita elu atọ mita (dị Refeyim bi na Australia). Ọzọkwa ke ala mgbe ndị bụ obere, banyere size of a sentimita, whitish ikpuru enchytraeids.

The ọhụrụ mmiri pụrụ ịchọta bi dum chịrị nke vetikal tube ikpuru. Ha bụ nyo feeders na-eri nri na kwụsịtụrụ organic residues.

klas Leeches

All leeches bụ anụ, ukwuu n'ime udia na ọbara nke na-ekpo ọkụ-blooded ụmụ anụmanụ, ikpuru, mollusks na azụ. Ebe obibi annelids, leeches klas bụ nnọọ iche iche. Ọzọ mgbe idide dị ọhụrụ mmiri, mmiri ahịhịa. Ma, e nwere mmiri iche-iche, na ọbụna terrestrial leeches na-hụrụ na Ceylon.

Of mmasị bụ akụkụ nke mgbaze nke leeches. Ọnụ ha nwere atọ chitin efere na bee anụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ proboscis. Na ọnụ, e nwere ọtụtụ emepụta asọ mmiri, nke nwere ike na-emepụta na-egbu egbu na nzuzo na pharynx eje ozi dị ka aṅụ mgbapụta.

klas echiura

Otu n'ime obere ụdị anụmanụ, nke na-amụrụ bayoloji - annelids echiura. Echiura klas bụ obere, o nwere naanị banyere 150 umu. Ọ bụ nro, dị ka a soseji mmiri ikpuru na proboscis. The ọnụ na-emi odude ke ukot nke proboscis nevtyazhnogo na anụmanụ nwere ike tụfuo na-eto eto ọzọ.

Ebe obibi annelids Class echiura - oké ogbu nke oké osimiri, aja burrows ma ọ bụ oghere nke oké nkume, efu shells na ndị ọzọ na echebe. Worms bụ nyo feeders.