Egbochi ihe ihe na ha nhazi ọkwa. Eriri-egbochi ihe ihe

Ụfọdụ ihe eji na electric ngwa na electric sekit nwere dielectric Njirimara, i.e. nwere nnukwu iguzogide ugbu a. Ikike a na-enye ohere ka ha na-ebu a na ugbu a, ha wee na-eji kee mkpuchi nke ndụ akụkụ. Egbochi ihe ihe na-e bụghị nanị maka nkewa nke ndụ akụkụ, ma n'ihi na-eke nchebe si ize ndụ mmetụta nke eletrik. Ka ihe atụ, ike ụdọ eletriki ngwa kpuchie mkpuchi.

Egbochi ihe ihe na ha ngwa

Egbochi ihe ihe na ọtụtụ-eji ụlọ ọrụ, na redio na ngwá, electric grids development. Nkịtị ọrụ nke ngwá ọrụ eletrik ma ọ bụ eletriki nchekwa circuit adabere dielectrics eji. Ụfọdụ ndị kwa ihe n'ihi eletriki mkpuchi, chọpụta ya àgwà na atụmatụ.

The ojiji nke mkpuchi ihe n'ihi nchekwa ụkpụrụ. Ike n'ezi ihe nke mkpuchi bụ isi ihe na-adịghị ize ndụ ime ihe nke eletrik. Dị nnọọ ize ndụ iji ngwa na mebiri emebi mkpuchi. Ọbụna a obere ọkụ ugbu a nwere ike-enwe mmetụta na ahụ mmadụ.

dielectric Njirimara

Egbochi ihe ihe ga nwere ụfọdụ Njirimara iji ịrụ ya ọrụ. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti insulators si eduzi bụ nnukwu ibu resistivity (109-1020 ohm-cm). Eletriki conductivity nke na-eduzi tụnyere dielectrics ozugbo na 15 ugboro. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na-apụtụghị insulators bụ ọtụtụ ugboro nta karịa free ion na electrons, nke na-enye ugbu a conductivity ihe onwunwe. Ma mgbe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ihe onwunwe ha na-aghọ ibu, si otú amụba ugbu a conductivity.

Ịmata Ọdịiche Active na n'ezinụlọ dielectric Njirimara. Mkpuchi kasị mkpa n'ezinụlọ Njirimara. The dielectric mgbe nile nke ihe onwunwe ga-abụ dị ka obere ka o kwere. Nke a na-enye ohere insulator anaghị eme ka circuit parasitic capacitance. N'ihi na ihe onwunwe e ji mee ihe dị ka a capacitor dielectric, na dielectric mgbe niile kwesịrị ịbụ, na Kama nke ahụ, ihe dị ka ekwe omume.

iche e ji mara

Ihe bụ isi parameters gụnyere mkpuchi dielectric ike, kpọmkwem eletriki eguzogide, ikwu permittivity, dielectric ọnwụ n'akuku. Mgbe eleru ọkụ Njirimara nke ihe onwunwe na-ewe n'ime akaụntụ na nduzi ndị a ji mara na ụkpụrụ nke eletrik na voltaji.

Egbochi ihe ihe na ngwaahịa nwere a ukwuu ịdị ukwuu nke eletriki eguzogide tụnyere na-eduzi na Semiconductors. Ọ dịkwa mkpa maka nkwụsi ike nke insulator site kpo oku kpọmkwem quantities, na-amụba voltaji na ndị ọzọ na mgbanwe.

Nhazi ọkwa dielectric ihe

Dabere na nke ugbu a ike asọ onye na-eduzi, na-eji dị iche iche nke mkpuchi, nke dị iche na ha ike.

Site ihe parameters na-ekewa-egbochi ihe ihe? Nhazi ọkwa dielectrics dabere na ha ala nke aggregation (siri ike, mmiri mmiri na gaseous) na mbido (organic: eke na sịntetik, inorganic: eke na keakamere). The kasị ụdị nke siri ike dielectrics, nke nwere ike hụrụ na udo nke n'ụlọ ngwa ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ eletriki ngwa.

Solid na mmiri mmiri dielectrics, n'aka nke ya, na-ekewa n'ime subgroups. Solid dielectrics bụ varnished ákwà, laminates na iche iche iche iche nke mica. Waxes, mmanụ na gasị, haruru bụ mmiri mmiri egbochi ihe ihe. Special gaseous dielectrics na-eji ọtụtụ obere ugboro ugboro. Nke a na ụdị na-enye a eke eletriki insulator - ikuku. Ya iji na-oyi bụghị naanị site na ikuku e ji mara na-eme ka ọ magburu onwe insulator, ma ya arụmọrụ. The ojiji nke ikuku dị ka mkpuchi na-adịghị achọ ọzọ ihe onwunwe expenditures.

siri ike dielectrics

Solid eletriki-egbochi ihe ihe - na widest klas nke dielectrics, nke na-eji dị iche iche ubi. Ha nwere dị iche iche chemical Njirimara, na uru nke dielectric mgbe nile àmà site 1 50,000.

Solid dielectrics na-ekewa n'ime ndị na-abụghị pola, pola na ferroelectrics. Ha isi ihe dị iche bụ polarization nke usoro. Nke a na klas nwere mkpuchi Njirimara dị ka chemical-eguzogide, na-abụghị nsuso, dendritostoykost. Chemical na-eguzogide na-kwupụtara ike iguzogide mmetụta nke ike ike media (acid, alkali, wdg). Tregingostoykost ekpebi ma nagide ihe electric aak, na dendritostoykost - guzobe dendrites.

Solid dielectrics na-eji dị iche iche ubi nke ike. Ka ihe atụ, seramiiki egbochi ihe ihe ndị akacha eji dị ka linear na feedthrough insulators na substations. Dị ka mkpuchi nke eletriki ngwa eji akwụkwọ, Polymers, iko eriri. N'ihi na ágbá akacha eji ígwè ọrụ na ngwaọrụ, katọn compound.

Maka ojiji na ndị dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ nke iche nweta ụfọdụ pụrụ iche Njirimara site na ijikọta dị iche iche ihe: okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, mmiri na-eguzogide, radieshon-eguzogide ma na oyi na-atụ ndị na-eguzogide. Okpomọkụ na-eguzogide insulators pụrụ iguzogide okpomọkụ ruo 700 ° C, a na-agụnye iko na ihe ha na-adabere, organosility na ụfọdụ Polymers. Tropicalized na mmiri na-eguzogide ọgwụ ihe onwunwe bụ PTFE nke bụ ndị na-abụghị hygroscopic na hydrophobic.

Mkpuchi, eguzogide radieshon eji na ngwaọrụ na atọm ọcha. Ọ na-agụnye inorganic fim, ụfọdụ ụdị nke Polymers, iko eriri na ihe dabeere na mica. Hardy atụle mkpuchi na anaghị ida ya Njirimara na okpomọkụ ruo -90 Celsius C. Special chọrọ maka mkpuchi zubere maka ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ohere ma ọ bụ agụụ. N'ihi na ndị a na nzube, na-eji agụụ-na ok ihe, nke na-agụnye pụrụ iche ceramik.

mmiri mmiri dielectrics

Liquid eletriki-egbochi ihe ihe na-ejikarị na eletriki igwe na ngwa. The transformer mmanụ bụ ọrụ egwuri site mkpuchi. K dielectric ọmụmụ na-agụnye gasị, haruru, unsaturated vaseline na paraffin mmanụ, organopolysiloxanes, zaa mmiri (ọcha site salts na adịghị).

The isi e ji mara nke mmiri mmiri dielectrics bụ dielectric mgbe nile, dielectric ike na ọkụ conductivity. Ọzọkwa, eletriki kwa nke dielectric bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dabere na ogo nke ịdị ọcha. Solid adịghị ike dịkwuo ọkụ conductivity nke oke mmiri ruru proliferation nke free ion na electrons. Ọcha nke dị mmiri mmiri site esi, ion mgbanwe wdg Ọ na-eduga onye na-abawanye na ego nke electric ike nke ihe onwunwe, si otú mbenata ya conductivity.

Liquid dielectrics na-ekewa atọ dị iche iche:

• mmanụ ala mmanụ;
• oriri mmanụ;
• sịntetik oke mmiri.

Ndị akacha eji mmanụ ala mmanụ dị ka transformer, USB na capacitor. Sịntetik mmiri mmiri (organosilicon na organofluorine ogige) na-na-na-eji na ngwá Ndinam. Dị ka ihe atụ, oyi na-eguzogide na silicone ogige bụ hygroscopic, otú eji dị ka ihe insulator na obere nkesa, ma ha na-akwụ ụgwọ dị elu karịa price nke mmanụ ala mmanụ.

Oriri mmanụ na-adịghị eji dị ka-egbochi ihe ihe na eletriki mkpuchi technology. Ndị a gụnyere Castor, linseed, hemp, na tung mmanụ. Ndị a weakly pola ihe ndị dielectrics na na-bụ-eji maka impregnation akwụkwọ capacitors na dị ka film na-akpụ umi ke eletriki varnishes, ágbá, enamels.

gaseous dielectrics

The kasị dielectrics, haruru bụ ikuku, nitrogen, hydrogen na sọlfọ hexafluoride. Egbochi ihe, haruru na-ekewa n'ime eke na wuru. The eke ikuku nchegbu, nke a na-eji dị ka mkpuchi n'etiti ndụ akụkụ nke ike edoghi na electric ụgbọala. Dị ka ikuku isolator nwere ndọghachi azụ nke na ọ gaghị na-eji na hermetically kaa akara ngwaọrụ. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke elu ịta nke ikuku oxygen bụ oxidant, na a ala electric ike nke ikuku na-egosi na inhomogeneous ubi.

Na ike nkesa na elu voltaji Gịnị na-eji dị ka mkpuchi nitrogen. Nwụrụ e wezụga electrically egbochi ihe onwunwe na-anọchi anya a na-amanye jụrụ, otú ugboro ugboro eji na electric ígwè ọrụ. The akara nkeji akacha eji sọlfọ hexafluoride. Jupụta na gas-eme ka a na ngwaọrụ intrinsically mma. Ọ na-eji na elu voltaji circuit Oké mmali ekele aak suppression Njirimara.

organic dielectrics

The organic egbochi ihe ihe na-ekewa n'ime eke na sịntetik. Natural organic dielectrics na-now na-adịkarịghị eji, otú ọzọ na ndị ọzọ na-amụba mmepụta nke sịntetik, si otú mbenata ha na-eri.

The eke organic dielectrics gụnyere cellulose, roba, wax na akwukwo nri mmanụ (Castor mmanụ). Kasị nke sịntetik organic dielectrics dị iche plastik na elastomers ejikarị ke eletriki ezinụlọ ngwa na ndị ọzọ na ngwá.

inorganic dielectrics

The inorganic egbochi ihe ihe na-ekewa n'ime eke na wuru. Kacha nkịtị nke eke ihe onwunwe bụ mica, nke nwere chemical na thermal eguzogide. Ọ na-eji mkpuchi phlogopite na muscovite.

Site wuru inorganic dielectrics gụnyere iko dabeere ihe, dị ka nke ọma dị ka poselin na ceramik. Dabere na ngwa, wuru dielectric nwere ike nweta pụrụ iche Njirimara. Ka ihe atụ, ka bushings eji feldspar seramiiki, nke nwere nnukwu dielectric ọnwụ tangent.

Eriri-egbochi ihe ihe

The fibrous ihe na-na-eji maka mkpuchi ke eletriki apparatuses na ígwè ọrụ. A na-agụnye osisi ihe (roba, cellulose, ákwà), sịntetik akwa (naịlọn, naịlọn), na polystyrene ihe, polyamide, wdg

The organic fibrous ihe ndị ukwuu hygroscopic, ya mere adịkarịghị eji enweghị ihe ọ bụla pụrụ iche impregnation.

Nso nso a, kama nke organic ihe eji sịntetik eriri mkpuchi, nke nwere a elu larịị nke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide. Ndị a gụnyere iko emep uta eri na Asbestos. Iko eriri impregnated dị iche iche na varnishes na resins aka ya hydrophobic Njirimara. Asbestos eriri nwere ala ike ịkpata, mere mgbe ọ na-kwukwara owu eriri.