Electric ubi e. iwebata

Ịmata Ọdịiche scalar na vector ubi (na nke a ga-electric ubi vector). Ntem, ha na-enwe scalar ma ọ bụ vector ọrụ nke na-achịkọta na oge.

Scalar ubi na-akọwa ọrụ nke ụdị φ. Dị otú ahụ ubi nwere ike anya egosipụta iji otu larịị nke na-ebupụta: φ (x, y, z) = c, c = const.

Anyị kọwaa a vector, nke na-eduzi kwupụta kacha ọrụ φ ibu.

The zuru uru nke a vector ekpebi ọnụego nke mgbanwe nke a ọrụ φ.

N'ụzọ doro anya, scalar ubi site na a vector ubi.

Nke a electric ubi a na-akpọ nwere, na ndị ọrụ φ a na-akpọ nwere. otu larịị nke elu-akpọ equipotential ebupụta. Ihe atụ, tụlee ihe electric ubi.

Maka visual ngosi ubi na-ewu na-akpọ electric ubi e. Ma ha na-akpọ vector e. Nke a akara tangent ruo n'ókè nke na-egosi na ntụziaka nke electric ubi. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke edoghi nke agabiga a unit ebe bụ proportional ka ndị zuru uru nke vector.

Anyị na-ewebata echiche nke a vector esi tinyere a akara l. Nke a vector na-eduzi ndị na tangent na akara l na zuru uru bụ hà esi DL.

E were nye a ụfọdụ electric ubi, nke dị mkpa iji were otú ubi e. Ndị ọzọ okwu, anyị na-ekpebi ndị ọnụọgụ nke mgbasa (mkpi) k vector ka adanyekọta na esi. Equating na esi mmiri na a vector, anyị nweta a usoro nke arụmarụ. Mgbe mwekota, i nwere ike na-ewu ihe akụkụ nke ike e.

The vector analysis ọrụ na-enye ihe ọmụma banyere nke chọpụtara nke ike nke electric ubi ime na a kpọmkwem. Anyị na-ewebata echiche nke "agbanwe oge vector" n'elu S. The iwu definition nke eruba F bụ dị ka ndị: uru Ẹda dị ka nke onye na-ot esi DS na unit nkịtị vector n'elu s. Orth họrọ ka ọ na-akọwa ihe mputa elu nkịtị.

Ntụnyere n'etiti eruba ubi echiche na eruba nke okwu: a umi kwa unit nke oge na-aga site n'elu nke bụ n'aka perpendicular ka eruba ubi. Ọ bụrụ na ndị e nke ike nke electrostatic ubi na-emi odude atugharị n'elu S, mgbe eruba ihe ọma, ma ọ bụghị ileghara - adịghị mma. Ke ofụri ofụri, iyi nwere ike na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ubi edoghi na iputa n'elu. N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị agbanwe agbanwe oge bụ proportional ka ọnụ ọgụgụ e nke ike na banye n'ime n'elu mmewere.

The divergence nke vector ọrụ na gbakọọ na a mgbe nke a na-kee ya agbụ olu ΔV. S - elu ekpuchi olu ΔV. Operation divergence ebe na ohere na-enye ohere mara n'iru nime ya nke ubi na isi mmalite. N'oge mkpakọ n'elu S na mgbe P na electric ubi edoghi penetrating elu, na-anọgide na otu ego. Ọ bụrụ na ohere abụghị a mgbe isi iyi nke ubi (leakage ma ọ bụ igbapu), mgbe ahụ compressive elu na a ego nke ike e, malite na ụfọdụ oge hà efu (ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị e n'ime n'elu S bụ hà ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị e na-esite na nke a n'elu).

The integral mechiri emechi akaghị L na-ekpebi ime nke rotor a na-akpọ nrugharị nke eletrik tinyere ngwe nke rotor L. Operation e ji mara ubi ebe na ohere. Ntụziaka nke rotor-ekpebi ịdị ukwuu nke mechiri emechi eruba ubi gburugburu a nyere mgbe (rotor ubi ji mara vortex) na ya direction. Dabere na mkpebi siri ike nke rotor, site mfe mgbanwe pụrụ ịgbakọta eletrik ntule vector na a Cartesian ahazi usoro, na electric ubi e.