Engine mmanụ maka dizel engines na a turbocharger. Nke na mmanụ maka dizel engines na turbocharging mma?

Emepe emepe turbocharged engine na mmanụ dizel, emepụta mere ihe e kere eke nke moto mmanụ ụgbọala abụghị usụhọde n'ihe niile. Na mbụ turbochargers e ji dịkwuo ike nke esịtidem combustion engine na Air Force na n'oge nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. N'ihi na ụgbọ ala o wee banye uka mmepụta ruo 1978.

Otú ọ dị, ya na ụba ike akụ na moto-ebelata. Ya mere, a pụrụ iche na mmanụ maka dizel engines na turbocharging.

Na ngwaọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe

Ihe nke engine dabeere na iyuzucha ike. Site cylinder, ha na-eduzi ndị tobaim impeller, na tobaim agbagharị a Compressor. Ọ na-enyo na ebe a, n'adịghị petrol engines, ikuku na-ọnọ n'okpuru elu nsogbu. Olu nke ikuku na cylinder na-abawanye, na na olu ike nke na-ere mmanụ ụgbọala na-ụba na iri abụọ na ise percent.

Na ikuku abatakwa cylinder iji Mgbakwụnye - intercooler. Ọ cools ikuku tupu ya abatakwa engine. N'ihi ya, ihe ndị na mmanụ ụgbọala oriri na-ebelata na ike na-amụba, nke a na-enweta fọrọ nke nta na-enweghị-amụba unit size na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibe.

O doro anya na ndị a Motors achọ a pụrụ iche na obibia. Na Russia, ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahọrọ na-azụta a yiri ntọlite. Ma, ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla maara otú kwesịrị ekwesị na-arụ ọrụ na-TURBO dizel. Tụlee a ole na ole Atụmatụ na-enyere ị na-azọpụta n'ihi na ogologo ọrụ ndụ nke unit.

The mmanụ larịị ga-achịkwa

All Motors ezighị-emetụta mmanụ agụụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na a dizel engine na TURBO mmanụ na-arụ a dị oké mkpa ọrụ. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ha na-lubricated amị turbocharger. Mgbe mmiri mmiri larịị dị oke obere, ha na-nnọọ mfe mebiri emebi.

Ya mere, mmanụ larịị ke engine ga-enyocha dị ka mgbe o kwere omume. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ụkọ, ọ dị mkpa na ozugbo-eme ka elu maka ya. Ọzọkwa, ijide n'aka iji chọpụta ihe na-akpata nke ngwangwa ojuju na larịị ma mezie ya.

Ogo nke n'ígwè ọmụmụ

Mmanụ maka TURBO-dizel ga-abụ nke elu mma. Dabere na ahụkebe ọrụ ọ na-arụ ná ndụ nke moto, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta na ogbenye mma ga-ebibi ya a nwayọọ nwayọọ nwụọ. Echefula: mejupụtara nke mmanụ ụgbọala engines bụ dị iche iche site na dizel. Ke adianade do, ọ gaghị ekwe omume mix dị iche iche viscosity mmanu (a oke, hụ n'okpuru).

Ndị ọzọ Atụmatụ na ime nke TURBO dizel

Ebe a na-a ole na ole Atụmatụ, na-abụghị mmanụ, ma na a ga-agbaso.

mmanụ ụgbọala quality kwesịrị elu. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị otú ahụ, ọ ga-clog mmanụ ụgbọala usoro, na ike ga-belata. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị tobaim ga-arụ ọrụ na ọsọ kacha, nke ga-ebelata ndụ ya.

Ọ bụghị peregazovyvayte mgbe engine na-malitere. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa nke ndị na-adịghị na-amalite usoro (stop). Mgbe pedal na-enwe na tobaim ibu na-etinyere, ọ na-amalite bugharia, ma na-enweghị mmanụ, dị ka nke ikpeazụ na-enwe oge iji mee. Nke a na-eduga ná ngwa ngwa wear mara akpụ.

Ọ na-atụ aro na-agba na-ajụ na-agba. Operation na ala gbapụrụ ọsọ ruo ogologo oge iwu. Mgbe tobaim e mere n'ihi na elu ibu. Ya mere, site n'oge ruo n'oge ọ bụ na-achọsi ike ime ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ, na n'oge kasị elu gbapụrụ ọsọ. Ya mere mbo mbuli usoro amalite kpochara, nke enwekwu ya ọrụ ndụ.

Ị gaghị gbanyụọ engine ozugbo ịkwụsị, dị ka tobaim impeller ga-anọgide na-bugharia, na dizel engine mmanụ a TURBO ama kwụsị ka nri n'ime usoro.

Ukwuu ekwesighi ịnya na-abaghị uru. Ọkara otu awa nke ọrụ a bụ iji "igbu" ndị moto, dị ka nke a emee zakoksovka tobaim. Ọ pụkwara ịmalite ehi ehi mmanụ n'ime cylinders, nke mere na nkọwa nke pistin otu ga-emebi.

Bịara n'Ezi Oge mmezi dị mkpa karịsịa maka turbocharged dizel engine. The okwu nke ya Itie erughị ikuku nkeji, dị ka elu ibu achọ ihe mmanụ ọhụrụ ma ọhụrụ iyo.

Main e ji mara mmanụ

Site ịzụta na mmanu, ọkwọ ụgbọala ntị ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-egosi.

The kasị mkpa oke bụ viscosity, ya bụ, mmanụ si oruru. Ọ na-adabere okpomọkụ. High viscosity index egosi obere mgbanwe na okpomọkụ fluctuations.

flashpoint a na-akpọ egosi, nke mgbe a ụzọ ngosi ọkụ bidoro.

Yet na-ekwu bụ nke kasị ala mgbe ọ na-abụghị kpamkpam na-efunari flowability (na-enyocha mgbe nchepụta akpa).

Na-arụ ọrụ, na ọnụnọ nke dị iche iche nwekwara emee ọxịdashọn usoro mgbe kpụrụ alkaline na acidic ngwaahịa. Na laabu kwadebere ma nyochaa ngụkọta isi na acid nọmba. Site ndị a na-egosi na dabeere na ngụkọta oge nke mmanụ neutralization.

isi griiz

Na ya mmanụ dabeere bụ:

• ịnweta;
• semisynthetic;
• sịntetik.

Nso nso a, ihe na ọzọ ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ahọrọ synthetics. Otú ọ dị, a mma ịnweta n'ígwè ọmụmụ n'ụzọ zuru okè ike ịnagide ihe aga-eme na-ekpo ọkụ climates. Ma na-arụ ọrụ na ala okpomọkụ ọ bụ mma ghara gaa. The mmanụ na-emi esịnede mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa.

Lee ụfọdụ na mmanụ maka dizel engines na a TURBO-ebubo ịnweta dabeere a na-ewere ezi ihe: Castrol GTX (iche iche viscosity akara ule), "Lukoil Vanguard Professional na LA", "Lukoil Vanguard Ultra", "Suprotec Active Ịgachi", "Active dizel Plus" na ndị ọzọ.

Semisynthetics bụ ngwakọta nke ịnweta ma sịntetik isi. Ọ nwere ike na-ama-eji n'afọ. Ọ na-atụ aro na a ọkara sịntetik engine mmanụ maka turbocharged engines: Statoil MultyWay, "Lukoil Vanguard", Castrol Magnatec na na.

Sịntetik isi bụ kpam kpam wuru. Ọ bụ ihe kasị oké ọnụ ma na-atụle ga-nke ka mma. Ma, ọ ga-aghọta na n'onwe ya adịghị nkwa ọdịdị nke sịntetik magburu onwe arụmọrụ. Na mgbakwunye na isi, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ yiri kwa mkpa ka a tụlee.

Anyị nwere ike ikwu na ndị na-esonụ sịntetik mmanụ maka dizel engines na turbocharging: ZIC XQ5000, Castrol Edge Egwuregwu, "Lukoil Vanguard Professional", Shell Helix Ultra na ndị ọzọ.

nwekwara

Na mgbakwunye na nchekwa data, e nwere ihe Mmeju na-akpọ nwekwara. Ha na-kweere ka mma Njirimara nke mmanụ. Nwekwara ndị nke dị iche iche na-akpata:

• antioxidant umu kwụsị ọxịdashọn usoro;
• saa - ọcha site engine;
• dispersants - gbochie kpụworo lumps;
• anticorrosion film kpụrụ na akụkụ-enweghị-enye ịzụlite nchara;
• mgbochi ụdị a film na echebe elu nke akụkụ;
• EP ike a film na-egbochi burrs.

Ọzọkwa e nwere nwekwara na belata wụsa mgbe, viscosity improvers, na na. Enwere m ike iji ha niile? N'ezie ọ bụghị. Motor mmanụ maka dizel engines na turbocharging, nakwa dị ka ọ bụla ọzọ mmanụ, ugbua nwere ndị dị mkpa mmiri dị na ha mejupụtara. N'ihi ya, ma na-emefu ego na n'ọkwá ụlọ ọrụ - Nsukka nke nwekwara ma ọ bụ, dozie ụgbọ ala nwe.

nhazi ọkwa

E nwere dị iche iche classifications nke n'ígwè oke mmiri. Ha dị iche na viscosity klas, arụmọrụ, seasonality.

Domestic nhazi ọkwa nwere iche ọbịa. Ma ha fọrọ nke nta ka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-amaghị. The kasị nhazi ọkwa nke esenidụt: SAE, API, ACEA na CCMC. Nke ikpeazụ a na-dere, ma ọ ka nwere ike a hụrụ na ụfọdụ na isi mmalite.

SAE

SAE egosi na ojiji nke mmanụ na ikuku okpomọkụ. Na a na-ekwu, e nwere isii oyi na ise okpomọkụ klaasị. Winter ghọtara site n'akwụkwọ ozi W. The elu klas nọmba, na elu na mmanụ viscosity. The kasị nkịtị na-multigrade mmanụ. Ha nwere a sọrọ designation. Always ụfọdụ emeputa na-atụ aro engine mmanụ maka dizel engines na a turbocharger. "Volkswagen", n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-aga oké Castrol. Atụmatụ na-dabere na atụmatụ nke engine aghụghọ na ndokwa Nsukka nke ụgbọala na mmanụ ọnụ. N'ihi na klaasị ọ bụla na ya kacha viscosity.

Nhazi ọkwa site dizel nkeji API

Nke a nhazi ọkwa kpebisiri ike dabere na àgwà: ọcha adịghị, ego nke soot. The API n'ígwè ọmụmụ n'ime klaasị.

S (Service), adabara anọ strok petrol engines.

C (Commercial) maka dizel engines nke azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ụdị, nakwa dị ka na-akọ ugbo na-ewu ụlọ na ngwá.

Two-ozi S ma ọ bụ C, A ka L pụtara a na udi (mbụ) na ihe onwunwe larịị (abụọ). The arụmọrụ nke ka elu, nke ime ebe site na mmalite nke mkpụrụ okwu bụ akwụkwọ ozi nke abụọ.

SG / CD, SJ / CF - ọ bụ a eluigwe na ala na klas maka petrol na dizel engines.

EC - ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ume na-azọpụta àgwà.

Ka anyị biri na n'ígwè ọmụmụ maka dizel nkeji. Ha dabara ndị na-esonụ na klas:

• SS ruru eru maka Motors na a ìhè agbam ume ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ndị dị otú ahụ.
• CD bụ otu dizel engine na TURBO Nchaji na elu ike na-achọ ndị dị mkpa oké nrụgide na antiscaling àgwà. Ka ihe atụ, a na klas adabara mmanụ maka dizel engines na TURBO "Toyota dizel", RV Special.
• OA mkpa maka a siri ike turbocharger na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nnọọ elu ibu. Ọ kwekọrọ na engine mmanụ maka dizel engines na turbocharger na a particulate iyo.
• CF nwere ike ejikwara na a turbocharged ụgbọ ala gwongworo diesels.
• CF2 - gara aga nnabata e ji mara atụkwasịkwara a abụọ ọrịa strok dizel engines.
• CF4 bụ mma version nke OA klas.
• CG4 na a ọhụrụ na klas nke CH4 kwekọrọ na engine mmanụ maka ụgbọala dizel engines na turbocharging, nke na-achọ a karịsịa ibu arọ.

nhazi ọkwa ACEA

Nke a European usoro, ka afọ ju ndị ọzọ tiri chọrọ maka moto mmanụ karịa gara aga otu. O nwere 12 na klas, nke na-na-ekesa n'elu 3 ige ebe:

• Na maka ikuku engines;
• C - maka dizel engines;
• C - maka dizel engines, dabara n'ime Euro-4 ụkpụrụ;
• E - maka azụmahịa dizel engines.

The nọmba ke ige pụtara larịị nke chọrọ. Higher nọmba pụtara elu chọrọ. Dabere na nke a nhazi ọkwa, ọ bụ omume na-"gbakọọ" a kwesịrị ekwesị na mmanụ maka dizel engines na turbocharger na a particulate iyo. Nke a, ka ihe atụ, mmiri mmiri lubricants nke klas C.

ọgwụgwụ

Dabere na ndị e kwuru n'elu, oputara na ị ga na-edu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke parameters, na-ahọpụta moto mmanụ maka dizel engines na turbocharging. "Hyundai", "Honda", "BMW" na "Mercedes": ọ bụla emeputa na-atụ aro ụfọdụ mmanụ ika. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị isi egosi mgbe ahọpụta mmanụ. Isi nkwanye, nke ga-agbasoriri - ọ bụ iji nweta mmanu na parameters kpọmkwem na nhazi ọkwa site na emeputa. Mgbe ahụ, n'okpuru iwu nke ọrụ gị TURBO dizel mgbe nile ga-eje ozi dum nke oge ịgba.