Ferghana mpaghara (Uzbekistan): ebe nke obodo

Na mara mma Ferghana Valley emi odude Ferghana mpaghara (Uzbekistan). Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie na kasị mara mma akụkụ nke mba. E nwere otu nnukwu obodo oge ochie na obere obodo na a omenala. Ferghana region na-eme ka a isi onyinye na steeti aku na uba na bụ nke bukwanu mmasị maka njem.

Geography na Biology

Na obi Central Asia, dị na Uzbekistan. Ferghana region emi odude ke akụkụ ebe ndịda nke Ferghana Valley na bụ otu n'ime 13 ndutịm-territorial distrikti nke mba. Ya ebe bụ 68 km². The region enyene ewepụghị n'ókèala na a obere elu karịa elu oké osimiri n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. The ndagwurugwu na-anọchi anya ihe niile dị iche iche nke odida obodo: ya na-echebe ndị Altai ugwu, mgbe ugwu na-ji site steppes. The region bụ ọgaranya mmiri na ego. Rivers eru site na ugwu na-etolite a dịgasị mmiri network, nke na-achịkọta na Syrdarya. Ọzọ mmiri na-enye Central Ferghana esite.

The adaba ebe ke a ndagwurugwu na-eme ka ọ oké ọgaranya ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke Ferghana mpaghara. a dịgasị iche iche nke osisi na-eto eto ebe a. Ukwuu n'ime niile osisi nwere ọdịbendị, ka eke ahịhịa - na ọ bụ nnu ala ahịhịa juru, punctuated site oases. Otú ọ dị, mmadụ tụgharịa mpaghara a n'ime a n'ezie paradise. The anụmanụ ụwa bụkwa-akpali nnọọ mmasị. Nke nnukwu ụmụ anụmanụ i nwere ike izute anụ ọhịa boars, nkịta ọhịa na anụ ọhịa wolf. Ma nke kasị di iche iche nke umu akụkọ ihe obere ụmụ anụmanụ na nnụnụ.

Lelee History

Ferghana region e biri ọbụna 1-2 narị afọ, mgbe dị iche iche Turkic ebo malitere inyocha ebe. Otú ọ dị, ndị kasị ochie na saịtị nke ndị mmadụ na a hụrụ ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na-akpa azụ 7-5 ọtụtụ narị afọ BC. Na mpaghara nke nkume ngwá ọrụ na foduru nso Selengur-adọba ụgbọala na-hụrụ. Na ngụkọta ọkà mmụta sayensị guru 13 omenala n'ígwé n'ụwa a. Ebe ọ bụ na 1709 na saịtị nke Fergana region ya e kere ndị Kokand Khanate. Shahrukh II na ụmụ ya na-achị ala, inyịme ókè-ala na-efu nke agbata obi na-ekwu.

Na 1821, ọ bịara na ike ruo afọ 12 Madali Khan, n'okpuru onye eze na ala budata gbasaa ya nwe na ike. Khanate bụ a nnọọ ike odidi, ma jide ha ike ruo mgbe 1842, ruo mgbe ụwa kpaliri Kyrgyz onye na-achị. N'ihi na ike karịrị nke a tụụrụ akuku nke mgbe niile bụ ufiop ọgụ n'etiti biri ndị mmadụ na-akwagharị akwagharị Sart Kipchak. The isi nke mba na-mgbe niile na-anọchi onye ọ bụla ọzọ. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ebe jupụtara mwute ngosipụta. Ịnọgide ọgba aghara mere ka a gharazie isi ike agbachitere ike nke mba na ada eziokwu ahụ bụ na ike e jide ndị Emir nke Bukhara, nke e meriri site Russian agha n'etiti narị afọ nke 19.

Russian na Soviet oge

Ebe ọ bụ na 1855 Fergana region, ruo mgbe ahụ nọ n'okpuru ikike nke Turkestan, e kpuchiri ọkụ na-agba nke agha obodo. Khudoyar Khan, gọvanọ Bukhara, Kokand, nweghị ike ike n'ebe ebo na bilie n'okpuru nrụgide nke Russian iwe manyere ke 1868-anabata ahia nkwekọrịta na Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Ugbu a Russian na kokandtsy nyere ikike free ije, mmejuputa iwu nke ahia, n'ihi na nke ọ na-aghaghị ịkwụ ụgwọ a tax nke 2.5%. Khudoyar Khan bụ gọvanọ nke ókèala. Na 1875, Kipchaks duru Abdurahamnom-Avtobachi nupụụrụ ikike nke Khudoyar, bụ nke e jikọrọ site ụkọchukwu na ndị na-emegide nke Russian-arụ. The ọhụrụ ike bụ banyere 10 puku ndị mmadụ wakporo ala, ndị nọ n'okpuru Russian, nọchibido obodo nke na Khujand, na ndị gbanyesiri mgbọrọgwụ na ebe e wusiri ike Mahram.

August 22, 1875, General Kaufmann na ndị agha ya nke nnupụisi kụrụ aka nke ebe e wusiri ike, were Kokand na Margelan. Earth ndị e doro Russian eze ukwu. Otú ọ dị, ka anya dị ka ndị agha ahụ pụrụ, na ọgba aghara dara ọzọ. General Skobelev, bụ onye duziri ngalaba Namangan, nditịm si mesoo ndị nnupụisi, na ezinụlọ dum ókèala ndị Ferghana region e weghaara na Russian ala. Skobelev ghọrọ ndị mbụ gọvanọ Ferghana mpaghara. Mgbe mgbanwe ke Russia, na Soviet ọchịchị bịara na Uzbekistan. Na 1924, nhazi mgbanwe e rụrụ, ókèala, edu Kokand ghọrọ akụkụ nke Uzbek Socialist Republic. Ferghana region - Na 1938, a ọhụrụ territorial unit e guzobere. N'oge Soviet oge mpaghara na-arụsi ọrụ bi site Russian bi, ka ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta na akụrụngwa na-ewu.

ugbu a ala

Mgbe ida nke USSR Fergana region, nke ebe e budata ike na aku na uba na okwu, ọ nọgidere na a akụkụ nke Uzbekistan, nke kwuru onwe ya na 1991. Na 1989-90 e a uka nkukota na Kyrgyz bi, Mbugharị amalite. Taa Ferghana region laghachi ya afọ iri na ụzọ ndụ. Industrial akụrụngwa enye ụzọ ugbo omenala. Area, nakwa dị ka ihe niile ala na-eweghachi Muslim na omenala na ụzọ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mmekọahụ Russia ga-agaghị efu. Ihe karịrị afọ 25 nke onwe, iru ọhụrụ omenala na ụba na agbatị. Ferghana region taa dunyere atụmatụ nke omenala Uzbek mpaghara.

ihu igwe

The Ferghana Valley - a pụrụ iche. Gbara ya gburugburu ugwu, o nwere a pụrụ iche Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. Ọ bụghị n'ihi na ọ dịghị akpọ pearl nke Uzbekistan, dị ka e nwere n'ezie kere fọrọ nke nta ka ezigbo ọnọdụ ndụ mmadụ. Ferghana region iche sharply continental idụhe, na kama nwayọọ winters na-ekpo ọkụ summers. The nkezi oyi okpomọkụ bụ -3 degrees, okpomọkụ - +28.

The naanị drawback nke ihu igwe na-oké ifufe, karịsịa n'oge opupu ihe ubi, nke dries ala, na-ebu topsoil, depleting n'ala. The ebe nwekwara dị iche obere ọdịda, ma na mmiri chọrọ nke ugbo kpuchie mmiri mmiri. Ferghana region e ji a nwayọọ idụhe, karịa na ndị agbata obi na mpaghara nke ndagwurugwu. E nwere nnọọ anụ weather, obere ewekarị nkọ fluctuations. Na ebe-aga nke ọma na ọnọdụ maka cultivation nke ọtụtụ okpomọkụ-n'anya ubi, tinyere owu, osikapa, na tii.

bi

Ferghana mpaghara (Uzbekistan) - ụmụ mmadụ bijupụtara ebe bụ ezuru. Ọ bụ ebe obibi ihe fọrọ nke nta a atọ nke ndị bi nke mba ahụ dum. Ya njupụta dị mmadụ 450 kwa 1 km². The agbụrụ mejupụtara nke ebe bụ iche iche. 82% nke ndị bi na - na Uzbeks. Ndị ọzọ na agbụrụ dị iche iche na-anọchite anya obere Tajiks - banyere 4%, Russian - 2.6%, Kazakhs - 1%.

Official asụsụ - Uzbek, ma ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ na-na-ọma na ọfiọkde Russian, na-eto eto ntuli na-amụ English. The ukara okpukpe, ndị sị na site na 95% nke ndị bi na - Islam. The Ọnọdụ nke onu ogugu ibu na mpaghara nke 1-2% kwa afọ. Nke nta nke nta na-amụba ndu ndimmadu, nke ugbu a nwere a ndekọ isua 70. Nkezi afọ ndụ ndị a obibi nke Fergana region bụ afọ 23. The bi taa na-esiwanye lekwasị n'obodo ukwu.

na aku na uba

Ferghana region taa bụ predominantly ugbo mpaghara. Ọ bụ ezie na isi obodo nke region - a isi akụ na ụba na ulo oru center. Ebe a bụ ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na chemical, nri, ìhè ụlọ ọrụ, Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ. Ebe a na-arụpụtara akụkụ ahụ mapụtara, ngwá ụlọ, fatịlaịza, iko, ciment na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa. Great onyinye aku na uba nke region na-eme na-akọ ugbo ụlọ ọrụ na-eto eto owu, osikapa, anụ ụlọ, na-enye bụghị naanị anụ ụlọ mkpa, ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na erekwa na obodo ndị ọzọ. Development na nkwụsi ike nke aku na uba na-eme ka mmịpụta nke minerals: mmanụ, sọlfọ dioxide, na nkume nzu, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa isiokwu nke mbupụ.

The mpaghara na-agba mgbanaka ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na njikọ isi obodo nke mba na mpaghara. Ngụkọta ogologo okporo ụzọ bụ 200 km.

The ndutịm nkewa nke obodo na

Ferghana region ekewa 15 fogs - ndutịm distrikti. Onye ọ bụla na-achịkwa ndị isi, bụ ndị na-họpụtara Hakim. Isi obodo nke Ferghana mpaghara (Uzbekistan): Ferghana, Kokand, Margilan, Kuvasay - nwere ọnọdụ mpaghara irubere. Ha lekwasị ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi nke obodo.

Fergana

The isi obodo dị na Ferghana region - isi obodo ya. The aha si sụgharịa Persian - "ọgaranya" - ekwu ọtụtụ ihe banyere ebe a. E nwere ihe dị 350 na puku ndị mmadụ nke mba dị iche iche. Ya mere eme, na obodo mkpa si 1876, mgbe Russian gọvanọ ala a, Gen. Skobelev, tọrọ ntọala a isi obodo ọhụrụ. N'ihi na a mgbe obodo ọbụna mụụrụ ya aha ya. Nke a akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egosi na ọdịdị nke mpụga ọdịdị Fergana. Na mbụ ya e wuru na European style ụlọ: Officers 'nzute, Post Office, Government House, isi ụlọ ọrụ nke ụlọ ihe nkiri, na Alexander Nevsky Cathedral - niile nke a bụ mmalite nke a akpan akpan obodo, gbara gharịị maka Central Asia. Ebe a zubere ewu na ogologo n'okporo ámá ẹkenam ibido.

The kasị eto ngwa ngwa na Fergana na-enwe mgbe ndị Soviet oge, karịsịa mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, mgbe e wuru a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ, agụmakwụkwọ ka elu oru na-emeghe.

Taa Fergana - mara mma nke ukwuu na green obodo. E nwere a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ubi na ogige ntụrụndụ. The isi na-adọrọ mmasị bụ House of ojii, mbụ House ọrụ nche - nkiri, a na ụlọ alakụba pulp Masjid, ochie e wusiri ike.

Kokand

Ihe ọzọ bụ isi center - n'obodo Kokand (Ferghana region). Akụkọ ihe mere eme na-amalite 5-6 narị afọ. Ebe a biri n'oge ochie ebo. Ebe ọ bụ na 1709 bụ isi obodo nke ike Kokand Khanate. The mma ebe na Silk Road, na ana achi achi na mmepe nke a akụ na ụba nke Kokand, nke mgbe niile na-adọta mwakpo. The ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo - bụ a usoro nke agha na ndi-isi ebiliri ibe ha. Ebe ọ bụ na oruru nke Soviet ike n'obodo okụt jụụ, mgbe nkwupụta nke onwe nke Uzbekistan laghachi ya mba na omenala malite.

Taa, obodo ahụ bụ n'ụlọ banyere 260.000 ndị mmadụ. Ebe a na-enịm kasị ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ na chemical, n'ichepụta, nri na engineering ọrụ. The obodo ngwa ngwa na-emepe emepe njem nleta ụlọ ọrụ: hotels-ewu ya, na-emeghe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, na-eto akụrụngwa. The isi na-adọrọ mmasị bụ madrassas Norbutabi Kokand (mbubreyo narị afọ nke 18), Zhomi alakụba (1800) na Obí Khudoyar Khan wuru na 1871.

Margilan

Ọzọ ọla nke region - Ferghana, Margilan. Nke a obodo oge ochie a na-akpọ isi obodo nke silk. Historians hụrụ metụtara nke ịdị adị n'ebe a nke ụmụ mmadụ na mmezi ọbụna 4-3 ọtụtụ narị afọ BC. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo a na-ejikọrọ na mmepụta na ahia nke silk. Taa, ọ bụ mba kasị ukwuu silk factory, na i nwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ nke mulberry osisi. The obodo bụ n'ụlọ ka banyere 220.000 ndị mmadụ. The isi na-adọrọ mmasị na-Marghilan ncheta Pir Siddique (afọ 18), medreses sị Ahmad Hodge (afọ 19) na silk factory "Yodgorlik".