Feudal fragmentation - nke na-ekpebi ogbo nke European development

Feudal fragmentation - a-agwụ ike nke etiti steeti ike na n'otu oge ike nke elu mpaghara nke mba. The okwu na-emetụta nanị ochie Europe na ya subsistence aku na uba na usoro n'okpuru mmekọahụ. Feudal fragmentation site n'aka na-abawanye na òtù nke eze usoro ndị eze na, n'otu oge ahụ kwuo na ocheeze. Yana a na-akpata, na ikwu agha adịghị ike nke ochie eze tupu ndị agha nke ha onwe ha eze nọ n'okpuru mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na tupu ọtụtụ malitere gbasaa n'ime ọtụtụ isi, na Duchy na ndị ọzọ na-achị onwe nketa. Fragmentation e, n'ezie, a na-eme site na ebumnobi evolushọn nke akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ na mmepe nke Europe, Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ oge nke mmalite nke feudal fragmentation akpọ 843 afọ mgbe atọ ụmụ Karla Velikogo bịanyere aka a Treaty nke Verdun na ekewa mba ahụ gaa n'akụkụ atọ. Ọ bụ ndị a iberibe nri nke Charlemagne alaeze ekemende mụrụ, France na Germany. The ngwụsị nke oge a na European akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ nke XVI narị afọ, oge nke ike eze ike - absolutism. Ọ bụ ezie na otu German ala jisiri dịrị n'otu n'otu obodo naanị na 1871. Ma mgbe ahụ, iche site ethnically German Liechtenstein, Austria na Switzerland.

Feudal fragmentation na rus

European ọchịchọ X-XVI narị afọ, ọ na-abụghị chebere na anụ ụlọ ihe gbasara onye isi. N'otu oge, ndị feudal fragmentation nke ochie Russian obodo nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ na ọdịiche dị ya na ọdịdị nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ variant. The mbụ mgbịrịgba na ike n'ezi ihe nke ala disintegration esesịn ibu ọnwụ nke Prince Svyatoslav na 972, mgbe nke umu-ya ndikom mbụ malitere internecine agha nke oche-eze nke Kiev. The ikpeazụ achị n'otu Kievan rus a na-ewere na-nwa Vladimira Monomaha, Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, bụ onye nwụrụ na 1132. Mgbe ọnwụ ya na steeti e mesịrị kewara fiefdoms nketa na mgbe nupụrụ isi na ha mbụ ụdị.

N'ezie, ọ Ọ ga-abụ ihe ọjọọ na-ekwu okwu banyere otu-ogbo ire ere Kiev onwunwe. Feudal fragmentation na Russia, dị ka Europe, bụ n'ihi ebumnobi Filiks na-ewusi ike obodo n'ala boyars. Ezu ike na nwere ọtụtụ ojiji boyars ghọrọ ndị ọzọ uru ịnọgide na-enwe ha onwe ha isi, ịdabere na ha na-atụle ihe ndị metụtara ha, kama ịnọgide na-erubere Kiev. Nke a kwere ndị na-eto ndị ikom, na ụmụnne, nwanne na ndị ikwu ndị ọzọ nke onyeisi na-emegide centralization.

Ma ihe ndị na atụmatụ nke mba disintegration, ọ na-isi na ndị na-akpọ lestvicheskoy usoro site nke, mgbe onye na-achị ọnwụ ocheeze ebe nwanne ya nwoke, na ghara diọkpara, dị ka ọ bụ na Western Europe (Salic iwu). Nke a, Otú ọ dị, ihe kpatara nke multiple internecine esemokwu n'etiti ụmụ nwanne nke Russian usoro ndị eze nke Iri na Atọ-XVI narị afọ. Russian ala feudal oge malitere a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke onwe ha isi. Bilie nke obodo magburu ezinụlọ na ndị isi n'ụlọikpe nyere Russia ntoputa nke na Novgorod Republic, ịrị elu nke Galicia-Volyn na Vladimir-Suzdal ihe gbasara onye isi, ihe e kere eke na ịrị elu nke Moscow. Ọ bụ Moscow isi na-ekpochapụ feudal fragmentation na kere Russian alaeze.