Gambit - ihe bụ nke a? nke pụtara

N'oge Soviet oge, ọtụtụ ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị bụ n'ụzọ zuru okè maara na okwu "gambit" (dị ka okwu ahụ bụ "castling", "Nchikota", "oge nrụgide,"). Mgbe niile, otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu egwuregwu na ezinụlọ-na okpomọkụ mara ụlọikwuu, na yad na n'ime ogige bụ cheesi nyere ụwa okwu. Dị mwute ikwu na, na biakwa obibia nke na kọmputa, na Internet na oge a Ngwa ka ịkpụ ihe nwere ọgụgụ isi ihe egwuregwu ẹkenịmde. Nyụrụ na echiche. Nso nso a, Otú ọ dị, okwu "gambit", o yiri, chọpụtara na a Olee banyere anyị taa. Na Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ya ruo mgbe atụ pụtara na-akọwapụtaghị, ma na ndụ okwu a na-eji anya na ọtụtụ ebe. Ma mbụ ihe mbụ.

Bit cheesi Ozizi

Ndị ọkachamara na-na-eke ihe ọ bụla egwuregwu nke cheesi n'ime 3 akụkụ. The mbụ ogbo bụ maara ọ bụla aha "mpụta mbụ." Nkezi - "n'etiti egwuregwu" (ndị German okwu na sụgharịta kpọmkwem - "n'etiti egwuregwu"). N'ikpeazụ Party na-akpọ "endgame" ( "ọgwụgwụ egwuregwu", dị ka ị pụrụ maa). Na nke ọ bụla oge, Player na-ha aga-eme. Enweghị anya ha nwere ike ịbụ na-agbawa obi mgbe ọ bụla na ogbo nke ọzọ.

Basic iwu mpụta mbụ

Ọ bụla nchịkwa Chess akụzi ya egwuregwu na oghere dị mkpa iji mee ka gị na iberibe na mbụ ọnọdụ, na-ewere ihe ndị kasị uru ọnọdụ, reliably chebe eze jide akara nke Central planks ubi. Ị mkpa ka ngwa ngwa ịzụlite, na-enweghị adịkwa ijeụkwụ, dị ka o kwere ezere Nkea nke otu ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ọ dị mkpa iji gbochie iro na-ebu otu omume. The egwuregwu bụ ugbua na mpụta mbụ ogbo ga-dabere na a kapịrị plan, a ụkpụrụ doro anya. Ya mere, naanị novice cheesi egwuregwu na-aga "dị ka Chineke tinyere kwa n'isi n'isi." Ahụmahụ egwuregwu dị njikere variants, nke na-mara ọtụtụ puku mmadụ. E nwere ịnakọta nke oghere, nke na-enịm ke pụtara atụmatụ. Gambit - bụkwa a mpụta mbụ, ma karịsịa banyere ihe dị n'okpuru.

ụdị oghere

Onye ọ bụla oghere nwere ya aha, akụkọ nke e kere eke na-ekwe omume sequels. The mbụ ogbo nke egwuregwu na-adịkarị nkewa atọ dị iche iche dị ka ndị mbụ n'aka ọcha na omume nke onye iro.

• Open game amalite na Nkea: 1. e2-e4 - e7-e5.
• Ọkara oghe game emee ma ọ bụrụ na: 1. e2-e4 black azịza n'ụzọ ọ bụla, ma e wezụga n'ihi 1. ... e7-e5.
• Mechiri emechi mpụta mbụ na-amalite ọ bụla N'ezie nke na-acha ọcha, ma e wezụga n'ihi na mbụ kwuru 1. e2-e4.

Ugbu a, anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere ihe okwu "gambit".

ala

Gambit - bụ mmalite nke otu, nke otu onye nke na-emegide àjà a pawn ma ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ. Gịnị ka ọ na-eme nke a? Iji merie tempo n'oge development ọmụmụ mma egosiputa ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ na imposition nke a nkọ mgba. Dabere na ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nkọ iro oghere na-ekewa n'ime 3 iche iche. Kuchiri gambit - bụ mmalite nke otu, nke na-iro nabatara àjà. Idebanye - ma ọ bụrụ na ọ kwadoghị "gbatịrị" pawn ma ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ. N'ikpeazụ, player nwere ike inye onyinye na nzaghachi - mgbe ekwu okwu banyere kontrgambite.

Gịnị ka okwu ahụ "gambit"?

The mbụ njọ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke cheesi pụtara na XVI na narị afọ. Ha ghọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ, wepụtara site Spanish nchụàjà Rui Lopesom de Segura "akwụkwọ banyere nka nke cheesi" (1561). Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ n'ihi na oge mbụ okwu "gambit". Mbido nke oge, ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha sịrị na French gambit, ketara n'aka Italian gambetta - «footboard», amaja il gambetto - «na-etinye bandwagon."

The kasị ama gambits

Royal. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ochie na oghere a kọwara Lopez Eze Gambit. Ya aha e nyere ya n'ihi nke eze àjà pawn:

1. e2-e4 - e7-e5. 2. F2-f4 ...

Ruo mgbe nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, ọ bụ nnọọ ewu ewu, ọbụna rụrụ pụrụ iche thematic tournaments, nke ndị niile sonyere egwuri nanị na nke a mpụta mbụ. Ya adored Boris Spassky na Judit Polgar, Robert Fisher na Paul Keres na David Bronstein chere na n'ihi na ọ na-achọ na-egwu egwuregwu nke cheesi. Ndị ọkachamara na-kwenyesiri ike na Eze Gambit - zuru okè oke maka novice Player. Na nke a mpụta mbụ agha na-ebilite si nnọọ mbụ Nkea. N'ihi ya a mbido amụta ọgụ mbụ, na na mgbe ahụ iji chebe. Gambit nwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche, o nwere ike ma nabatara ma ọ bụ jụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, nwa omume a pawn àjà onwe ha. Nke a variant a na-akpọ kontrgambitom Falkbeera:

1. e2-e4 - e7-e5. 2. F2-f4 - d7-d5.

Queenside. Nke a oghere ije amalite, na mgbe ahụ na-aja nke queenside pawns.

1. d2-d4 - d7-d5. 2. c2-c4 ...

Gambit e ji a ogologo oge, ma ọ bụ karịsịa na-ewu ewu ọ nọ XIX narị afọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe hụrụ na ndorondoro taa. Famous maka ya aphorisms GM Savely Tartakower akpọ Eze Gambit "na-amali elu n'ime abis," na Queen si - "na-amali elu n'ime okporo mmiri." Na nke a mpụta mbụ, Black nwekwara ike na-anabata àjà na-acha ọcha, na-ajụ ya ma ọ bụ gwa Abigel Kontrgambit Albina (nke ikpeazụ aha mgbe ndị cheesi player aha, ndị mbụ na-eme atụmatụ na a egwuregwu megide Emanuel Lasker na New York na 1883):

1. d2-d4 - d7-d5. 2. c2-c4 - e7-e5.

Iji ichikota

N'ihi ya, gambit na cheesi - na ọ bụ mma ka nnukwu mmalite nke ọzọ, nke na-player na-aga aja, na-erite uru nke a dị iche iche agwa: a positional uru, ijeụkwụ, ọdịdọ nke usoro ubi. A, player enye a pawn, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, o nwere ike inye na udi. Nke a bụ ikpe na The Gambia Cochran:

1. e2-e4 - e7-e5. 2. Kg1-f3 - Kg8-f6. 3. Kf3: e5 - d7-d6. 4. Ke5: f7 ...

ndị na-abụghị cheesi gambit

Gịnị ka ọ pụtara? Eziokwu ahụ bụ na okwu na ajụjụ ogologo arahụ n'ofè egwuregwu nke cheesi. Ọmụmụ Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na-adịghị idekọ atụ pụtara nke okwu, ma ọ dị adị na a ndụ okwu! Ya mere, na 1966 na meziri si American nkiri-ohi "Gambit", na na 2012 - ya eponymous remake. English gambit nwere ọtụtụ pụtara, gụnyere "aja kwetara nghogbu, nzọụkwụ mbụ." The Russian asụsụ aha ya na-akpaghị aka sụgharịrị ịbụ "gambit", ma ọ dịghị onye na-mgbagwoju anya! Gambit Chess mara mma reinterpreted nwa afọ Russian asụsụ. Taa, n'okpuru ya na-aghọta (a ndoputa, na a na;, n'ịgba okwu) na aja ma ọ bụ ọrụ na ụfọdụ ihe. Ọtụtụ mgbe, okwu na-ada na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị arena na na oru nta akuko ihe. Ọ bụghị mgbe niile a ala yiri ka ihe ịga nke ọma, Otú ọ dị, dị ka mushrooms mgbe mmiri ozuzo, na-eto eto gambits na-adịghị depụtara na ihe ọ bụla nke cheesi directories: Russian, Ukrainian, Crimea, Syria, gambits Putin na Yanukovych. Ụwa dum na-ghọọ a nnukwu party, nke ọ na otu mba, ọ dịghị otu onye ndú anaghị chọrọ ịbụ a pawn.

Olee otú ọ na niile malitere

Ọtụtụ ndị kweere na okwu "gambit" ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị ẹkenam site onye ọzọ karịa ama dịkọrọ ndụ dere Boris Akunin. Na 1998, site na ya pen abịa nke abụọ n'akwụkwọ ke nsonso, raara nye Erast Fandorin - "Turkish Gambit". Nke a mpụta mbụ ke cheesi adịghị adị. E nwere Belgrade, Budapest, Sicilian na Volga, ma ọ dịghị Turkish. Na akwụkwọ bụ banyere oge ochie egwuregwu. Otú ọ dị, aha subtly reinterprets na cheesi okwu. Na-enwe obi abụọ, ọ dịghị onye na-ekpe - na-ede akwụkwọ na-etinye n'ime ọnụ ọnụ nke "na-adịghị mma" dike Anwar Effendi, gbasaa nkọwa. Ọ rụrụ ụka na ndị ghọọ, ma a na-adịghị ike Turkey e nyere maka mmeri nke na-enwe ọganihu na ochichi onye kwuo uche (nke na-ejikọ na US na Western Europe), Russia. Emperor Alexander were aja, ma n'ozuzu n'ihi nke otu e guzobere bụghị na ihu ọma ya. Gambit - àjà na-anaghị na-eduga ná emeri onye iro, mindlessly anabata ya. Iji nweta, i kwesịrị ịtụ anya niile kwere omume nhọrọ maka mmepe nke ọnọdụ, ịgụ na ọtụtụ Nkea n'ihu - ma ọ bụ cheesi ma ọ bụ geopolitics.