George Gamow: biography na foto

George Gamow - a ụwa na-ama astrophysicist, physics na sayensị popularizer. Ọkà mmụta sayensị wee ama ekele dere ọrụ na bayoloji, cosmology, nuclear na atọm physics, astrophysics na kwantum arụzi.

Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ ndị mbụ bụ ike ikpoputa nsogbu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa koodu. Ọ na-atụle ga-akpa na-abịa na a quantitative ozizi Alfa ire ere, bụ nchoputa nke ozizi "na-ekpo ọkụ eluigwe na ala".

Nwata na-eto eto

Gamow George Antonovich mụrụ anọ na March 1904 na obodo nke Odessa, na a na ezinụlọ nke ndị nkụzi. The nwata nne nwụrụ n'oge. Nna m bụ onye nkụzi nke Russian asụsụ na akwụkwọ na a obodo akwụkwọ. George na nna nna ndị agha na ndị nchụàjà.

Nna George ụtọ na eziokwu na nwa ya bụ ụtọ nke bayoloji, physics na mbara igwe. Ọ bụ ya mere George Gamow na 1921 banyere Odessa University, na-ahọpụta ndị Physics na Mathematics Faculty. M jisiri bụghị nanị na-amụ ike, ma na-akpata mgbako na nkà mmụta mbara igwe Observatory.

Leningrad University

Na 1922, Gamov Georgiy Antonovich banyere Leningrad University na Physics na Mathematics Faculty. Akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ a bụ mgbe ahụ center nke nascent ahụ sayensị na Soviet Union. Ndụ mkpa ego, otú ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị ga-esi na-arụ ọrụ nwere hụrụ na a ihu igwe ojii.

Na September 1923, ọ ghọrọ onyeisi nke Field Atilari Meteorological Observatory nke mbụ akwụkwọ, ebe ọ lectured na physics. Ugbua na 1924, Gamow ọrụ na State Optical Institute, na-emepe emepe ụzọ nke ịjụ ngwa anya iko.

Na-arụ ọrụ ná mba ọzọ. Ozizi Alfa ire ere

Na 1926 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum na-debara aha akwụkwọ Gamow George Antonovich. Biography nke ọkà mmụta sayensị nọ na na ọ hoputara a akwukwo maka ihe ụwa na Germany. Ma niile dị mkpa akwụkwọ maka ya dị njikere naanị na 1928.

Gamow kpebiri kpọrọ ozizi nke atọm ntọala na họọrọ nsogbu nke atọm ire ere. Iji mmetụta nke ọwara, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwee ike na-egosi na ahụ ọbụna n'onye kasị nta ike ike gbanahụ ntọala na a ụfọdụ puru. Nke a Ozizi aghọwo mbụ ịkọwa omume nke redioaktivu bekee. E wezụga Gamow, na ihe iseokwu ahụ na Edward Condon na Ronald Gurney, ma naanị George jisiri nke kacha mma quantitative pụta.

Dabere na ya inference physics George Gamow nwere ike ikpebi na-size of ntọala (ihe dị ka iri na iri na iri na atọ sentimita) na kọwara iwu Geiger-Nuttall, nke ejikọrọ ume nke-enwupụta ahụ na a ọkara ndụ nke nuclei. Na July 1928 na-eto eto ọkà mmụta sayensị bipụtara ya a ma ama isiokwu a na nkà mmụta sayensị na magazin, nke mere ya ma ama na ụwa nke physics.

homecoming

Na 1931, George Gamow, onye biography a kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na n'isiokwu a, ọ laghachiri Leningrad na malitere ịrụ ọrụ ubi nke nuclear physics. N'otu afọ malitere iji melite ndụ onwe onye nke a ọkà mmụta sayensị. O zutere a gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Moscow State University Vohmintsevoy Ịhụnanya. N'oge na mgbe agbamakwụkwọ.

Na October 1931 Gamow a kpọrọ ndị Rome Conference, ma na-enweghị ike ịhapụ mba ahụ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere ichọ ohere, otú ime ya (ma ọ bụghị naanị iwu). Mgbe na ezumike na Crimea-eto eto di na nwunye na ụgbọ mmiri gbalịrị igwu mmiri ka Turkey, ma a oké ifufe gbochiri ya.

Ma na 1933 ohere chọtara. George Gamow, na nkwanye Joffe họpụtara Soviet nnọchiteanya nke asaa Solvay Congress. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ ike inweta a visa, ọ bụghị nanị maka onwe ya, kamakwa, n'ihi nwunye ya. Isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke George na-arụ ọrụ ná mba ọzọ, na ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịlaghachi n'ala nna ha.

George Gamow ozizi "Big Bang"

Na 1946, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị malite ịmụ akporo cosmology na chọrọ a nlereanya nke "na-ekpo ọkụ eluigwe na ala". The mgbakwasị maka ozizi jere ozi dị ka atụmatụ nke afọ n'eluigwe na ala dum, nke ahụ bụ ihe dị hà afọ nke mbara ala Earth, na ruru nke helium na hydrogen.

Na 1948, physics George Gamow na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya mepụtara a ozizi guzobe chemical ọcha site nucleosynthesis ma ọ bụ zipụta ha n'usoro neutron kpọọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị natara ruru ntị, na ruo ogologo oge e chọpụtara. Ka kwuru Sniven Weinberg: "Gamow na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya na-amụ n'oge eluigwe na ala, ya bụ, atọ ndị mbụ nkeji nke ya adị."

mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa koodu

Na 1954, ozugbo nchọpụta nke abụọ-tọrọ atọ molekul nke DNA, Gamow bụ ike ime ka ihe bara oké uru onyinye e guzobere ọhụrụ sayensị - molekụla bayoloji, ịtụkwasị mkpa ngwọta nke nsogbu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa koodu. Site na nkà mmụta sayensị nwere, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ịghọta na ndi na-edozi esịnede iri abụọ eke amino asịd itinye na koodu na a ụfọdụ usoro na akụkụ nke DNA.

N'ihi ya, Gamow bụ ike ịghọta na DNA nke ezoro ezo usoro nke anọ nucleotides, nke na-nyere na iri isii na anọ na o kwere omume n'ịgwa. Na nke a bụ nnọọ ezu idekọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ozi.

Naanị na 1961, a ozizi e mesịrị gosiri na site Francis Crick na ya na-enyere aka, n'ihi na nke ha natara Nobel Nrite.

Abịa America

Mgbe ọkà mmụta sayensị hapụrụ Soviet Union, ọ rụrụ ọrụ akụkụ oge dị iche iche mba, ma a na-adịgide adịgide ọrụ ruo ogologo oge ike ịchọta. Ọ bụ nanị na 1934 natara òkù si America. Ọ họpụtara prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Washington. Ha kpebiri inwe ihe kwa afọ ogbako, nke na-adọta ma ama physics si gburugburu ụwa. N'otu oge ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe mmasị na njikọ n'etiti nuclear ike na isi mmalite nke stellar ike.

Na 1941, mgbe ahapụ University of Washington physics kpebiri ịrụ mmepe nke atọm bombu. Otú ọ dị, usoro onwe ya e kweghị, otú ọ na-amanye na-ebu obere ọrụ. Ọ bụ naanị na 1948, George natara agha ihu na onwe abuana na mmepụta nke bọmbụ hydrogen.

George Gamow, "The Adventures nke Mr. Tompkins"

The akwụkwọ, e dere site ama physics, na-zubere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị mmadụ nwere mmasị na ugbu a ihe ọmụma sayensị.

The akwụkwọ mejupụtara abụọ iberibe. The mbụ n'ime ha - bụ "Mr. Tompkins na wonderland." Ọ bụ a na-akpa ọchị akụkọ, ẹwet agụ banyere umeala akụ ọrụ, serving ụwa relativity Ozizi. The abụọ akụkọ, "Mr. Tompkins explores na atọm" bụ nnọọ na-akpali na nanị na-egosi niile Filiks na-erukwa n'ime atọm na atọm ntọala. The akwụkwọ mejupụtara iri na ise isi na ike mfe mmasị na-agụ akwụkwọ.

autobiography

Ọzọ na-akpali akwụkwọ banyere ndụ ya dere George Gamow - "My ụwa akara. An n'ịgba autobiography ".

Na 1934, ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ede akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ si Europe na America. Na ya autobiography, ọ kọwara a otutu njakịrị ọ na-agwa enyi ya. Ọ dịghị ihe dị oké njọ na ya, na-ekwu Gamow.

Na USSR, "My ụwa akara" e nwere nanị otu otu, bụ nke a na-echekwara na Lenin Library. Otú ọ dị, YB Zeldovich e kwere ka na-ahụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ, na O nyere ya ka na-agụ ha ndị enyi na enyi. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ maara ọdịnaya. Anyị nwere ike sị na George Gamow nọrọ "World akara" dị n'etiti America na Russia.

ọzọ mpempe

George Gamow "Giant atọ sayensị" dere maka a dịgasị iche iche nke na-agụ akwụkwọ ndị nwere mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke cosmology na physics, nakwa dị ka nsogbu nke isi sayensị.

Ọrụ nke pụtara ìhè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ekpe a na-egbuke egbuke na-agaghị echefu echefu akara na ubi nke nuclear physics, astrophysics, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na physics nke mbụ ahụ. Akwụkwọ a bụkwa ihe autobiography na-akọwa ihe ndị kasị mkpa rụzuru nke ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ebe a, na-agụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịchọpụta banyere "Big Bang Theory", na kwantum ozizi Alfa ire ere, dị ka nke ọma dị ka akpọchi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa koodu.

akwụkwọ

The akwụkwọ film "George Gamow. Physics si na Chineke "e filmed na 2009 site na director Irinoy Bahtinoy. Na-ede na-egosi na otú ndị eminent American physics, ka tinye n'ihu a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chepụtara, nrọ nke Soviet Union.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na n'oge ndụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ kpọrọ, ha nwere ugbu a a bara uru nke ukwuu, dị ka bụ mmalite nke ọtụtụ sayensị na chepụtara. Ya mere, anyị nwere ike iche na ndụ nke Soviet-American physics biri abụghị n'efu.