Gịnị a na-akpọ ihe nwere?

The ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ na anụ ahụ nke ahụ anyị na-adabere na ọtụtụ ihe. Ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ (cardiomyocytes na irighiri akwara) adabere na nnyefe nke akwara esi gboo N'ịbụ kpọmkwem mmiri na mkpụrụ ndụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ. Ndabere nke akwara na-akwadoghị akwado bụ guzobere a kpọmkwem excitation wavelength, ndị bu aha nke ihe nwere.

Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

Action nwere a na-akpọ-efegharị efegharị excitation Nkea si cell na cell. Ruru ya guzobere na nnyefe site na cell membranes emee adịte mgbanwe ha ụgwọ (ejikari n'ime n'akụkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-ezighị ezi na ebubo na elu - mma). Kpụrụ-efegharị efegharị na-eme ka na-agbanwe agbanwe Njirimara nke ion ọwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ, nke na-eduga ná recharging nke akpụkpọ ahụ. Mgbe ihe nwere na-aga site na akpụkpọ ahụ, e nwere a nkenke mgbanwe nke ya ụgwọ, n'ihi na a mgbanwe cell Njirimara.

Nke a-efegharị efegharị guzobere underlies ọrụ nke akwara eriri, na obi nke nsochi usoro usoro.

Bụrụ na nke mebiri ya guzobere na-emepe emepe ọtụtụ ọrịa, na-eme nchọpụta nke nwere omume dị mkpa na mgbagwoju ọgwụ-achọpụta ọrịa omume.

Dị ka otu ụzọ na ihe nwere, nakwa na a na-ahụkarị ya?

History of research

The ọmụmụ nke omume nke excitation na mkpụrụ ndụ na emep uta eri malitere ogologo oge gara aga. Ya mbụ chọpụtara ọdịdị ọkà na-amụ mmetụta nke dị iche iche stimuli na kpughere tibial akwara nke frog. Ha chọpụtara na mgbe ọ gụrụ a lekwasị ngwọta nke oriri nnu na hụrụ mkpi nke uru ahụ.

Na n'ihu ọmụmụ ya gaa n'ihu neurologists, ma ndị bụ isi na sayensị mgbe physics na-amụrụ ihe nwere - physiology. Ọ na-e nwapụtaworo na physiologists ọnụnọ nke ihe nwere na obi na mkpụrụ ndụ na irighiri akwara.

Na anyịnwa ịhụkwu nke ịdị adị na ndị fọdụrụ nwere e gosipụtara na ọmụmụ nke potentials.

ụzọ e kemgbe mmalite narị afọ nke 19, ikwe idozi nwere nnweta data na tụọ ha size. Ugbu a, ndị fixation na-amụ ihe potentials a rụrụ na abụọ instrumental ọmụmụ - ihe ngwá na ihe electroencephalogram.

The usoro nke edinam nwere

excitation guzobere emee n'ihi mgbanwe ndị na-intracellular ịta nke sodium na potassium ion. Nọmalị, na cell nwere ihe potassium karịa sodium. Extracellular sodium ion ịta bụ nke ukwu ukwuu karịa na cytoplasm. Mgbanwe rata nwere omume na-eme ịgbanwe na-elekọta na akpụkpọ ahụ, adịru a ugbu a na-kpatara sodium ion n'ime cell. N'ihi na nke a mgbanwe ebubo n'èzí na n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ (cytoplasm na-ghaghị ebubo na elu gburugburu ebe obibi - bụ na-ezighị ezi.

Nke a na-eme ka ikwado Itie nke onu mmiri na ebili mmiri.

Ozugbo-efegharị efegharị e-ebute site ná gafee synapse, reverse mgbake ụgwọ emee n'ihi na ugbu a n'ime cell ezighị ebubo chloride ion. Tọgharia na mbụ ụgwọ etoju n'èzí ma n'ime cell, nke na-eduga ná guzobe nke na-ezu ike nwere.

Oge ezumike na excitation interleaved. The ndiiche mkpụrụ ndụ niile wee bụrụ dị iche iche, na e guzobere PD ga-ahụ na-erube isi ọtụtụ iwu ndị ọzọ.

adọ PD

N'oge ihe nwere ike ga-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ n'ụzọ.

Akụkụ nke mbụ na-ewe ebe ruo mgbe a dị oké egwu larịị nke depolarization (inyịme edinam nwere kpaliri onye na-adịghị ịrụzu akpụkpọ ahụ nke esịmde a kacha larịị, na-emekarị ọ bụ banyere -90 meV). Nke a na-adọ na-akpọ predspayk. Ọ na-rụrụ site na ntinye n'ime cell nke sodium ion.

The ọzọ na-adọ - elu nwere (ma ọ bụ ọgọ) Nleta a parabola na nnukwu n'akuku ebe ọwụwa nwere akpụkpọ ahụ depolarization n'aka (ngwa ngwa) na nēfedakwasi akụkụ - repolarization.

Nke atọ na-adọ - a-adịghị mma nwere nke Chọpụta - Chọpụta egosi depolarization (mgbanwe site depolarization elu ka akwụsị). N'ihi uzọ nke chlorine ion n'ime cell.

Na nzo ukwu nke ano, nti adọ Chọpụta nwere, na akpụkpọ ahụ na-alaghachikwuru mbụ ụgwọ larịị.

adọ data n'ihi ihe emereme nwere, nditịm na-eso otu mgbe ọzọ.

edinam nwere ọrụ

Obi abụọ adịghị ya, mmepe nke ihe emereme nwere dị mkpa na ịrụ ọrụ nke ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ. isi ọrụ ke mmetuta nke obi. Na-enweghị ya, obi ga-nanị na-adịghị ejekwa aru, ma n'ihi na Mgbasa nke niile sel nke dị n'obi ya Mbelata, nke na-eme ka inupụ ọbara site na vaskụla bed, afọ ojuju ọ niile anụ ahụ na akụkụ.

The ụjọ usoro nwekwara ike n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị-emezu ya ọrụ na-enweghị ihe nwere. Ndị ọchịchị ga-enwe ike na-enweta n'ókè-arụ otu ọrụ, dị ka a N'ihi ga-abụ nanị na-abaghị uru. Ke adianade do, mma ke akwara foosu nnyefe nke akwara ozi (ọdịdị myelin na ọnụ nke Ranvier) nyeere na-ekesa ihe mgbaàmà na a okwu nke sekọnd, na na ada mmepe nke na-aghọ nkọ na-adịghị ije.

Tụkwasị na nke a ngwa usoro, ihe emereme nwere na-emepụta ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na mkpụrụ ndụ, Otú ọ dị, nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ naanị na arụmọrụ nke ha kpọmkwem cell ọrụ.

Ntoputa nke ihe nwere na obi

Isi ahụ, nke dabeere na ụkpụrụ nke guzobere ihe nwere, bụ obi. N'ihi ịdị adị nke usu guzobere na-rụrụ ọnụ ọrụ nke ngwa onye ọrụ bụ napụta ọbara na anụ ahụ na akụkụ.

Ọgbọ nke edinam nwere na obi-eme na imi ọnụ. Ọ na-emi odude ke confluence nke vena cava-nri atrium. Site n'ebe ahụ, na usu propagates tinyere emep uta eri nke gbasara obi conduction usoro - si ọnụ na atrioventricular compound. Agafe ùkwù alaka ngọngọ, ọzọ kpomkwem, na ya ụkwụ, na usu-aga n'aka nri nakwa n'aka ekpe ventricle. Ndị a thicker ndokwa mma nile nke - Purkinje emep uta eri site na nke excitation esịmde ọ bụla obi na mkpụrụ ndụ.

The edinam nwere nke cardiomyocytes bụ a constituent, ie, Ọ na-adabere Mbelata, mkpụrụ ndụ nile nke gbasara obi anụ ahụ. Na ngọngọ ngwaahịa (mgbe myocardial onya) guzobere a kpaghasịrị edinam nwere, nke bụ ofu na ngwá.

ụjọ usoro

Ka PD a kpụrụ na akwara ozi - mkpụrụ ndụ nke ụjọ usoro. Ọ bụ ihe niile mere a obere bit mfe.

Mpụga usu aghọta akwara cell Filiks - dendrites metụtara na-anabata ya dị na anụ ahụ, na na ndị ọzọ nile na anụ ahụ (na-ezu ike nwere na edinam nwere nwekwara dochie ọ bụla ọzọ). Mmalite-akpali e guzobere edinam nwere na ha, mgbe nke usu ebe ahu nke akwara cell bụ ya ogologo ogwe aka - axon, ma si n'ebe ahụ site synapses - na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ya, kpụrụ excitation efegharị efegharị esịmde ụbụrụ.

A atụmatụ nke ụjọ usoro bụ ọnụnọ nke abụọ na ụdị emep uta eri - ntekwasa ma ọ bụ enweghị myelin. Ntoputa nke ulo na ya nyefe na emep uta eri nke nwere myelin, bụ ukwuu karịa demielinezirovannyh.

Nke a na onu a hụrụ n'ihi na eziokwu na mgbasa nke PD myelinated emep uta eri na-arụpụta si "amapụ" - usu skips òkè myelin, dapụtara na mbelata ya ụzọ na, karị, ngwa ngwa mgbasa.

izu ike nwere

Enweghị mmepe nke na-ezu ike nwere agaghị edinam nwere. N'okpuru quiescent nwere aghọta nkịtị, unexcited ala nke cell nke ebubo nke n'ime na n'èzí nke akpụkpọ ahụ ndị budata dị iche iche (i.e., ná mpụga akpụkpọ ahụ na-ghaghị ebubo, na n'ime - ọjọọ). Ezumike nwere na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti ebubo n'ime ma n'èzí cell. Na-emekarị na ọ bụ ejikari si -50 na -110 meV. The akwara ozi, a bara uru bụ a -70 MeV.

Ọ bụ n'ihi na Mbugharị nke chloride ion n'ime cell na-eke a na-adịghị mma-elekọta ke n'ime akụkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ.

Mgbe na-agbanwe ịta nke intracellular ion (dị ka e kwuru n'elu) eyi anọchi PD.

Nọmalị, niile mkpụrụ ndụ nke ahụ na-na ala ala, ya mere, nwere mgbanwe nwere ike na-ewere physiologically mkpa usoro, n'ihi na enweghị ha ga-enwe ike iji rụọ obi na ụjọ usoro.

Ihe ọmụmụ nke udo-ụlọ na edinam

Na-ezu ike nwere na edinam potentials nwere ike ikpebi na ọnọdụ nke ahụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka onye akụkụ.

Ime ime ihe nwere nke obi (ECG) iji chọpụta ya ọnọdụ na ọtọ ike nke ya niile ngalaba. Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-amụ bụ a nkịtị EKG, ọ ga-hụrụ na ndị nile ezé na ya bụ ngosipụta nke ihe nwere na mgbe ndị fọdụrụ nwere (ya, omume nke atrial potentials data egosiputa P-efegharị efegharị na mgbasa nke excitation na ventricles - nha nha R).

Na ekele na electroencephalogram, na na ya ọdịdị dị iche iche mmiri na ebili mmiri na rhythms (akpan akpan, Alfa na beta na ebili mmiri na a ike mmadụ) bu kwa n'ihi omume nke edinam potentials na akwara ozi nke ụbụrụ.

Ndị a ọmụmụ kwere adọ ịchọpụta mmepe nke a akpan akpan ọrịa usoro na-eme ka fọrọ nke nta ka pasent 50 nke mbụ nke ọma ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa.