Gịnị bụ Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?

Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - ọ bụ a Socialist Republic, na obodo kwụụrụ nke nkịtị na-arụ ọrụ, nke dị na XX narị afọ n'ime ókèala ndị USSR. Region ugboro abụọ nweela a ọnọdụ, n'ihi na a inwe nke agha ihe, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọhaneze na aku na uba na mgbanwe.

Ọhaneze na aku na uba na e ji mara na ebe

Karelian ASSR - ebe edere nke European akụkụ nke USSR. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya ókè-ala-ya na Finland, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ site White Sea, n'ebe ndịda - Ladoga na Lake Onega. The enyemaka bụ ugwu ugwu na isio metụtara nke ndị na-esi nke ihe nke glasia. The ịnweta ego e ekesa ụlọ ihe (marble, konkiri, dolomite, wdg), Iron ore, mica. Site ụkpụrụ nke Soviet Union region e weere kama backward na mmepe ebe ya n'ókèala bụ nnukwu ulo oru mbo na ụlọ ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, titular mba nke Republic, na Finno-Ugric iche iche (Veps, Karelians, Finns) na-n'ezie mere a nta nke ndị bi (30%).

Republic na peacetime

The isi mmalite na historiography nwere ike ụfọdụ mgbagwoju anya: na Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, ma ọ bụ? Iji chọpụta nke nhọrọ bụ nri, ị ga-aghọta mgbanwe nke usoro. N'oge Civil War na Karelian Labor mmekota hazie na Russia. N'ihi na oge mbụ dị ka ihe ndutịm na territorial unit nke USSR ọ ghọọ Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The ndabere maka nke a bụ Central Executive Committee iwu, aka July 25, 1923 Mgbe doo nke ọhụrụ oruru nke USSR, December 5, 1936, ndị a gbanwere aha ya na Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

June 17, 1937 mbụ uwe nke ogwe aka nke Republic ẹkenam, o nwere ihe e dere na asụsụ atọ: Russian, Karelian na Finnish. Otú ọ dị, December 29, 1937 nabatara ya emeziri version enweghị nke ikpeazụ nke slogan. Nke a bụ n'ihi na-amalite na mpaghara nke ada megide Finnish bi.

Òtù na-achị ozu nke Republic

An mkpa bụ na nguzobe nke ọzọ na ọchịchị, dị ka a n'ókèala, nke ghọrọ akụkụ nke RSFSR. Karelian ASSR e kenyere ọnọdụ nke otu nọọrọ onwe ha na-achị-territorial unit, otú ahụ ka isi nke onyeisi ike bụ Council of Ndị mmadụ Commissars, na party ngwa e lekwasị ke Republican Party Central ngwa nke Central Committee nke CPSU (b) (na a ụfọdụ oge - CC CP (b)).

Na agha oge Sovnarkoma igwe na-dochie anya Ministry, gụnyere ndị dị n'ọhịa. Mgbanwe metụrụ onye ọ bụla Republic na obodo kwụụrụ, nke bụ akụkụ nke ihe USSR. Central Ụlọ ọrụ nke amụ na-aga site na Minister nke Karelian ASSR.

Military arụmọrụ na mba

Location isiokwu ugboro ugboro ghọrọ a ịsụ ngọngọ ke ọbọ ọdịmma nke mba ndị agbata obi. Ya mere, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1939, mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere, nke nke nche nke Leningrad na gburugburu ebe na-alụsosi ukwu. Na a anya nke banyere 25 km si n'obodo ahụ na-Soviet steeti ókè-ala na Finland. Na kpọmkwem mbuso agha nke ókèala ndị European agha na mba otu n'ime agha mba Europe ghọrọ nnọọ adị n'ezie shelling kpọmkwem ọkụ. Ọ nwere ike ịmepụta a mgbochi na Soviet Navy, emi odude ke Kronstadt, agbapụ egbe, emi odude ke ókè akara nwere ike nke ọma ọgụ mepere ebe nke Leningrad. Iji gbochie ụdị a dịruru ná njọ, ndị Soviet na-edu ndú na October 1939, tinye n'ihu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke amụma na Finland, otu n'ime ha bụ mgbanwe nke n'ókèala. Karịsịa si ha gbara agbata obi na steeti a chọrọ inye ọkara nke Karelian Isthmus na ọtụtụ agwaetiti na Gulf nke Finland. N'aka nke ya, ndị Soviet Union na-ekwe nkwa ikwenyere Karelia, n'ógbè nke bụ ugboro abụọ ka ukwuu. Finland anabataghị usoro ndị a, na mkparita uka n'etiti ekwu bụ deadlocked.

territorial mgbanwe

November 30, 1939, n'ụzọ zuru ezu ifiọkde enweghị olileanya nke ọnọdụ, ndị Soviet Union na-amalite na Soviet-Finnish agha, nke nwekwara bịara mara dị ka ndị Winter War. Ugbua on December 1, o bịanyere aka na mbụ "Treaty nke Enyi na Mutual Assistance n'etiti USSR na Finnish Democratic Republic." Zubere maka ọhụrụ ókè na-emepụta na-ewu nke ókè-ala e wusiri ike. Ya mere, okwu nke nkwekọrịta bụ ude nke a ọkara nke Finnish Karelia ókèala. The njedebe nke Winter War na March 1940, mgbe Soviet Moscow, agha ọzọ aka a udo nkwekorita. The Soviet Union bụ na mkpofu nke dịịrị banye na mmiri nke Hanko agha isi na a sizeable ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke ebe dịịrị banye na mmiri, nke gụnyere Kexholm, Sortavala, Vyborg, Suojärvi pola ọwụwa anyanwụ nke parish ọnụ na obodo nta na Alakurtti Kuolajärvi.

iri na abụọ Republic

Ebe ọ bụ na April 1940, Karelian ASSR ghọọ Karelian-Finnish SSR. Nsonye ka usoro nke Moscow Peace Treaty ya mejupụtara a nnukwu ebe na Finland na-gụnyere.

Nlekọta-territorial mgbanwe ụba steti na iwu ọnọdụ nke Republic na gbasaa ikike nke ọha na eze, socio-akụ na ụba na omenala development. Mgbe akakabarede, na Karelian obodo kwụụrụ na Lithuanian SSR July 8, 1940 a ọhụrụ uwe nke ogwe aka e guzobere.

Karelian-Finnish SSR ghọrọ a n'ókèala di ọku na-alụ ọgụ agha nke Soviet Union na Nazi Germany. Na 1941, a akụkụ buru ibu nke mba ahụ nọ na-arụ na tọhapụ naanị n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 1944.

City ihe Karelian ASSR

Obere site ebe bụ Karelian ASSR. Obodo na obodo nta dị obere na-ole, ha Finnish, Karelian aha. The ndutịm center nke Republic bụ Petrozavodsk. Ọ ama n'oge ahụ bụ obodo kasị ukwuu. Ọnọdụ nke ndutịm center nke Petrozavodsk bụ ugbu a. The abụọ obodo nke Republican subordination nke Sortavala bụ. Karelian ASSR nwere banyere a iri na abuo obodo mpaghara irubere. Ọ Belomorsk, Kem, Kondopoga, Lahdenpohja Medvezhegorsk, Olonets, Pitkäranta Pudozh, Segezha, Suojärvi.

Dị ka Republican iwu obodo akaụntụ bụ norm. Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic nke backward region na-nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ a ọzọ mepere emepe na mpaghara, ihe mere na-eche banyere ụmụ amaala, ndị na-achọ ka mma ha ọnọdụ ibi ndụ, ọ bụghị na ikpeazụ ebe.

Mgbake nke ọnọdụ

Ọnwụ nke I. V. Stalina ke 1953 na ihe ndị sochirinụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọhaneze na akụ na ụba, omenala na ideological uwa ozugbo emetụta akara aka na nkịtị, na ebe ahụ nile. Ọnọdụ nke Karelian-Finnish Republic n'ime USSR ọzọ adi. Dị ka Iwu nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR ya, laghachiri ka ọnọdụ nke obodo kwụụrụ na June 16, 1956 ọ malitere a akụkụ nke RSFSR, ma furu efu na aha okwu "Finnish".

Mgbe a isiokwu e reorganized, e a egwuregwu: "... Republic kagburu, n'ihi na ọ hụrụ abụọ Finns - fininspektora na Finkelstein."

A na akara nke ẹmana kwurula n'ókèala ghọrọ a steeti ọkọlọtọ nke RSFSR, nke tara ahụhụ ọzọ e dere na Russian na Finnish.

Na njikọ na akakabarede nke Lithuanian SSR na obodo kwụụrụ nke August 20, 1956, na obere mgbanwe bụ reconstructed mbụ Republic uwe nke ogwe aka. Ụfọdụ na-eme nnyocha na-achọ kwere na ihe a merenụ na-ekpebisi ike akara aka nke ókèala ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ na-abịa. Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic adị ruo mgbe 1991. Hypothetically, n'ógbè nwere ike ibu otu nọọrọ onwe ha iche iche na ala, ma ọ bụ Inweta nke RSFSR bụ ihe mere na ọ - ndutịm-territorial unit, isiokwu nke taa Russia, nke nwere ọnọdụ nke Republic, na-akpọ Karelia. Isi obodo ya bụ ka ndị obodo nke Petrozavodsk.