Gịnị bụ na ọ na - SNMP? Simple Network Management Protocol

Kacha n'oge a iche nke netwọk akụrụngwa na-akwado SNMP. Nke a ọkọlọtọ-atụle ga-nnọọ mfe na Ọdịdị. Ya, mmejuputa iwu-mejuputa a netwọk akụrụngwa nke oge a na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị mfe. Management kọmputa site kwesịrị ekwesị protocol nwere ike rụrụ iji a dịgasị iche iche nke software ngwọta. Gịnị bụ isi atụmatụ na-SNMP? Olee otú kwesịrị ekwesị protocol na-arụ ọrụ na na omume?

Gịnị bụ SNMP protocol?

Iji malite, anyị na-amụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke nkà na ụzụ na ajụjụ. Gịnị bụ na ọ na - SNMP? Nke a afo guzo dị ka ndị Simple Network Management Protocol, na pụtara "Simple Network Management Protocol." Nke a ọkọlọtọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị na-tinye n'ọrụ iji na-achịkwa iche iche ngwaọrụ IP dabeere na netwọk, nke na-arụ ọrụ na ndabere nke TCP / IP ije. Dị ka ihe atụ, routers, switches, workstations, netwọk na-ebi akwụkwọ.

mgbe weere protocol eji na ndị ahụ ebe akụrụngwa na-agụnye nlekota ngwaọrụ nke na jikọọ na netwọk, maka mmezu nke ọnọdụ setịpụrụ nchịkwa. Ọdịdị nke ahụ data okporo ụzọ nke na-rụrụ n'okpuru SNMP protocol na-agụnye, gụnyere ndị ọzọ, ndị nke na-anọchi anya dị ka variables nke ike-kọwara nke nhazi nke akara ihe, nke di na netwọk usoro. Site management ngwa kwekọrọ ekwekọ variables nwere ike queried, na ụfọdụ - na ihe-ebube.

ohere SNMP

E lee ya anya protocol na-enye ohere na netwọk ọchịchị ịrụ nhazi ụfọdụ ngwaọrụ site na iji isi ihe nkesa na-enweghị recourse na pụrụ iche na omume, na arụmọrụ nke nke e mere iji nyochaa a dịgasị iche iche nke netwọk Filiks. Site n'enyemaka nke protocol na ajụjụ nwere ike rụrụ n'oge ochichi nke netwọk nke Filiks bụghị naanị management (SNMP, n'echiche a bụ a pụrụ iche ngwá ọrụ) site iche iche na usoro, ma karịsịa,-nyochaa arụmọrụ nke akụrụngwa, mata nsogbu nēbili ya nyochaa na ojiji nke netwọk ego.

Ka anyị tụlee ihe ụfọdụ bụ isi mejupụtara ya na-etolite a na netwọk akụrụngwa na-dabere na SMTP.

SNMP: isi mmiri

SNMP - protocol nke na-agụnye ndị ebighị nke multiple network mmiri. The isi nwere ike na-agụnye:

- jisiri ihe - gị na kọmputa ma ọ bụ ngwa na-eziga ụfọdụ iwu na iji protocol na ajụjụ, netwọk nchịkwa;

- MIB database;

- ngwa gị n'ụlọnga;

- Program Manager;

- usoro software ụka n'Ịntanet.

A jisiri ihe nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-enweta iwu onye nchịkwa, ma na-eduzi ha - dika kpọmkwem kwa. The data si ihe na-agafere nke usoro ihe omume njikwa, nke bụ ustanolennym algọridim ịkọwa ha. N'aka nke ya, na jisiri devayse arụ ọrụ ngwa n'ụlọnga. Ọ nakọtara ozi na kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwaọrụ na, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, sụgharịta ya n'ime a format na-emegharị ka kpọmkwem nke SNMP protocol.

enye IZIRỊTA usoro na-enye ohere onye nchịkwa-arụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ mmemme oru iji na-egosipụta-achịkwa ahụ na ime ihe nke akụrụngwa. The netwọk nwere ike arụnyere na ọtụtụ iche na kwesịrị ekwesị ụdị.

Ihe kacha mkpa, ma eleghị anya, a isi mmewere nke SNMP - MIB, ma ọ bụ ndị isi na-achịkwa ozi. Nzube ya - na nkọwa nke data owuwu gbanwere na devaysa usoro akara. N'eziokwu, ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ database-enye gị ohere na-edebe ihe ọmụma na-arụ ọrụ na-achịkwa ngwaọrụ ozugbo na ya, ma ọ a modem, ma ọ bụ a na ihe nkesa, n'ihi na ihe atụ, a na netwọk kaadị. SNMP - bụ a eluigwe na ala protocol, na ọtụtụ ụzọ ya arụmọrụ nwere ike na-emejuputa atumatu ekele, na mbụ, na MIB database ike.

Na ngwaọrụ, dakọtara na a technology, na-ẹdude ka ọkọlọtọ variables, nakwa dị ka ndị na ya mara na atụmatụ nke a otu ngwaọrụ. Isi ihe nke a kpuchie - ụdị nchọpụta OID. Ha na-ekwe gị ka variables na-agụ ma ọ bụ kpebisiri ike site SMNP protocol.

Ngwa gị n'ụlọnga, nke bụ a akụrụngwa nke SMNP netwọk akụrụngwa na-emekarị na-enweta na-arịọ iji n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 161. N'aka, usoro ihe omume manager nwere ike iji ihe ọ bụla nke na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na netwọk. Na nke a okwu, na ụdị software na-emekarị na-enweta na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na 162.

Tụlee isi ngwaọrụ, na aka ọchịchị na-eji SNMP protocol na-arụ ọrụ ọzọ. N'etiti ndị - Program Manager.

Ihe omume manager n'ime SNMP protocol: isi atụmatụ

Nke a na ụdị software na-enye ohere ekele ekwe omume na-atụle a protocol jikwaa iche iche nke dị iche iche ngwaọrụ n'ime netwọk akụrụngwa. Ihe omume na ajụjụ nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ nyere maka mbido echichi ngwaọrụ, nke na-jisiri site ya interface, ngwa-kpọmkwem gị n'ụlọnga, nke anyị kwuru n'elu. Ọ Site n'ibu na mkpa Administration Server data iji SNMP protocol. N'aka nke ya, na akuku nke isi PC na-agba ọsọ, a usoro njikwa, nke Filiks ozi natara si jisiri ngwaọrụ.

Gịnị software na-eji maka netwọk management via SNMP?

Gịnị kpọmkwem omume nwere ike mee ka akara? Ihu ọma, e nwere ihe ngwọta na-na-emegharị ka iwebata a dịgasị iche iche nke sistem, na SNMP protocol - Windows, Solaris. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere software maka Windows, ị na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị na-arụ ọrụ na OS ma rụọ ọrụ SNMP, - ngwugwu tọhapụrụ Castle Rock Computing. N'aka nke ya, na-Solaris mepụtara ihe oru oma ngwọta - Sun NetManager. Site ma nhọrọ irè dabeere na SNMP protocol netwọk kaadị nwere ike wuru. Ke adianade do, ha na-ekwe maka kpọmkwem nkwurịta okwu na MIB.

N'ime kpuchie nke mkpa ihu nwere ike na-achị routers nke dị iche iche ụdị na-akwado ndị SNMP protocol, Cisco, akpan akpan. Dị ka a na-achị, n'oge a na-emepụta nke netwọk ngwaọrụ emepụta akwụkwọ MIB nke a ngwaọrụ, nke na-egosipụta na o na-achịkwa iche mmiri nke akụrụngwa na netwọk.

Ọzọ na-ewu ewu ihe ngwọta maka ijikwa netwọk ngwaọrụ nke - Zabbix. SNMP - protocol na-eji ihe omume a na-. The kwekọrọ ekwekọ mkpebi nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ.

Banyere iji SNMP bụ, ihe atụ, na-enyere irè nlekota nke netwọk Filiks. Exchange of data n'ime SNMP protocol a rụrụ site pụrụ iche ozi. Tụlee ha kpọmkwem nkọwa.

SNMP-Izi ozi Atụmatụ

Isi ozi gbanwere nwere ike ebute site SNMP nkesa nchịkwa gụnyere iwu ndị dị ka:

- GetRequest;

- SetRequest;

- GetNextRequest;

- GetBulkRequest;

- aza;

- n'Ajọ;

- InformRequest.

Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime 1st otu mejupụtara eziga a arịrịọ si a njikwa ihe ngwa usoro, ndị gị n'ụlọnga iji nweta a akpan akpan uru maka a agbanwe - ma ọ bụ onye na ndepụta. N'aka nke ya, ihe omume manager-enweta a nzaghachi ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ.

Specificity nke 2nd otu a na-eziga ozi site na usoro ihe omume manager na ngwa-gị n'ụlọnga, ma na nke a, iji kpatụ agbanwe - ma ọ bụ onye na ndepụta. Odide Ntụkwasị gị n'ụlọnga na-enweta ihe mgbanwe na mgbe na-eziga na ihe omume manager ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ dị iche iche dị variables.

Ihe kachasi mkpa nke atọ otu mejupụtara eziga a arịrịọ si management nke usoro ihe omume na ngwa-kpọmkwem iwu na gị n'ụlọnga maka nchọpụta na a ngwaọrụ nke niile dị variables na ụkpụrụ na-setịpụụrụ ha. N'aka nke ya, ngwa gị n'ụlọnga laghachi a nzaghachi, nke nwere uru nke otu agbanwe, nakwa dị ka njikọ na-esote correlative na ya ọnọdụ ke ndepụta. Ndị na-esonụ ajụjụ agụnye nnyefe nke data egbukepụ nkọwa nke ọzọ agbanwe, na a njikọ na otu nke na-esi na kwụ n'ahịrị. Ekemende algọridim iji data okporo ụzọ na-ewere SNMP-otu na-ugboro ugboro.

The kpọmkwem nke 4th otu bụ na n'ezie na ọ bụ ihe kwalite version GetNextRequest posts. Ọ na-eburu na ngwa gị n'ụlọnga ga-enye ihe omume manager a nzaghachi nwere data na otutu variables n'otu oge, malite na nke onye na-adade ke mbụ arịrịọ.

Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime 5th otu - na mmejuputa nke nloghachi usoro metụtara agbanwe, na ụkpụrụ omume nke ngwa gị n'ụlọnga ka usoro ihe omume manager site na iji 4 ụdị ozi tụlere n'elu. Na nke a, na mgbanwe a rụrụ na njehie ozi via kwekọrọ n'iwu n'etiti ngwaọrụ.

Specificity nke 6 otu - mejuputa nnyefe nke ozi site na ngwa gị n'ụlọnga na-enweghị tupu arịrịọ si njikwa nke usoro ihe omume. Na Ọdịdị nke nkwurịta okwu bụ onyinye na nke ugbu a uru nke agbanwe. Rịba ama na nnata nke iwu na nke a kpebisiri ike site kpọmkwem configurations n'ime MIB.

Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime 7th otu bụ na ọ na-na, n'eziokwu, kwekọrọ na nkwurịta okwu nke a ozi e zigara site na njikwa na ngwa usoro-gị n'ụlọnga, na Anglịkan. Ya ngwa bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na netwọk akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ na ozi na ụfọdụ nwere ike nye kwesịrị ekwesị. InformRequest otu ndị, n'ezie, na-akwado eziokwu nke ọma nyefe nke iwu si ibe devaysa.

Correct SNMP nhazi na ọtụtụ mgbe na-achọ nchịkwa anya ịlele MIB arụmọrụ. Tụlee ihe ndị e ji mara ya.

MIB: atụmatụ isi ọrụ

The isi usoro ke kpuchie nke MIB - agwa variables. Ọ rụrụ na Ọdịdị n'okpuru echiche SNMP protocol akụrụngwa. MIB database anya dị ka Original Mix circuit esịnede ọtụtụ ọcha, ọ bụla nke na-mmasị a pụrụ iche nchọpụta.

The agbanwe aha n'ime MIB egosiputa address ya, malite na mgbọrọgwụ ndekọ. Na Ọdịdị nke agbanwe nwere ike ịnwe a dịgasị iche iche nke ozi, dị ka oge nke ngwaọrụ. The MIB osisi Ọdịdị ọkọlọtọ nwere ike ịbụ ugbu dị ka alaka, nke na-akwado site na ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ, ma ọ bụ ndị na-agbakwunyere ngwaọrụ emeputa ma ọ bụ nzukọ nke netwọk akụrụngwa na-emejuputa atumatu. Ndị isi ihe na nke a - nri ebe nwoke tent nke variables.

Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ha na-emejuputa atumatu na MIB Ọdịdị nwa oge, ha na-eme uche na-etinye na ibuo ngalaba. Ozugbo tupu okwu nke nchekwa data Ọdịdị na-ekenye a set nke variables, a iche iche ụlọ. Ọ na-eji onwe-ụlọ ọrụ ngalaba. Nke a ga-eme ka injinia na netwọk ọchịchị onye na-eme - SNMP-nlekota na ndị ọzọ ihe aga-eme iji hụ na ịrụ ọrụ nke akụrụngwa, na-emeghe a alaka ọhụrụ na MIB Ọdịdị-enịm naanị na variables nke ụlọ ọrụ.

Akụkọ nke SMNP

Ọ ga-abụ na-akpali mmasị na-amụ banyere SNMP development mere eme. Ihe bụ isi software na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ SNMP protocol - Windows. Otú ọ dị, ya mmepe e butere dị ka n'oge dị 1988 - ogologo oge tupu sistemụ si Microsoft, adade ke a maara interface, malitere imeri ahịa. N'eziokwu, SNMP mbụ mere maka Unix - ezinụlọ nke sistem maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe aga-eme iji hụ na arụmọrụ nke a dịgasị iche iche nke na kọmputa na netwọk. Ọ bụ ezie na, n'ezie, site na oge, ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na ahụwo nwere nke Windows, na o kwere omume na mmepe nke a eluigwe na ala na netwọk protocol e n'ụzọ gaghị agara site na eziokwu na ndị nwere uto nke ewu ewu na nke ọhụrụ sistemụ.

N'ezie, e nwere ihe ọzọ na-keere òkè dị mkpa na ngwa ngwa na-arụ ọrụ na SNMP, - Web. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, e nwere ndị nke mbụ online ọrụ, na ọkachamara a na doo anya na n'ihu - ifịk mwekota nke netwọk ihu na a zuru ụwa ọnụ ọnụ ọgụgụ.

Agbanyeghị, isi Nsukka nke netwọk ngwaọrụ kpebiri na 1988 na ha kwesịrị ịzụlite a mbara set of ngwaọrụ iji jikwaa ngwaọrụ. Site na oge na ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ya ngwọta maka nlekota na configuring ngwaọrụ. Ihe a chọrọ bụ ndị ịdị n'otu.

SNMP Development: isi ntuziaka

Na August 1988, ụlọ ọrụ na-amị netwọk akụrụngwa, bịara a otutu mmadu kwenyere. Na usoro nke na-emepe emepe a ọhụrụ protocol na-etinyere ụfọdụ ugbua na ike echiche. Ndị ọkachamara na-na-arụ ọrụ ọnụ, na-mata 3 isi akwụkwọ: RFC 1065, 1066 na 1067. Ha na-ekemende gbakwunyere, na e nwere ndị ọhụrụ - RFC 1155, 1156, na 1157. ndị a isi mmalite na e redesigned, na 1991 ha dabeere na mbụ version nke SNMP protocol a tọhapụrụ ya.

N'ihi ya, RFC 1155 akwụkwọ nwere ntuziaka na-ekpebi:

- ogo nke Ọdịdị ga-egosipụta management ozi;

- Mgbe ahụ, ihe bụ ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi na nke syntax na-ekpebi ndị agbanwe aha.

RFC 1155 e complemented isi iyi nke RFC 1212, ọzọ, syntax nke variables. Mgbe oge nke ihu ọma SMNP protocol ọ e mepụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọhụrụ ngwá dị ka RFC 1213. Ọ na-egosipụta a ndepụta nke isi variables site na nke e rụrụ nhazi nke netwọk akụrụngwa.

RFC 1157 Source nwere kwa chọrọ maka:

- iwu mkpebi siri ike nke a na ihe nkesa na a jisiri ihe nwere ike emekọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ;

- mmejuputa ọnyà-ozi.

Ozugbo ọ na-bipụtara na ẹkenam SNMP nkwụnye, netwọk interface kaadị, nkesa - ihu ọma ọ bụla na ngwaọrụ na a ga-gụnyere ke netwọk akụrụngwa, nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-achịkwa gosipụtara n'ime kpuchie nke ọkọlọtọ usoro. SNMP iwebata bụ ike ihe na ụwa ahịa nke netwọk akụrụngwa. Ọzọkwa, ekele iwebata Standardization ghọrọ kwere omume na ọtụtụ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ọhụrụ ihu, dị ka ihe atụ, Ethernet, FDDI.

nchịkọta

N'ihi ya, ihe - SNMP, anyị mụtara. Nke a afo na-anọchi anya otu n'ime ndị isi na netwọk ogbugba ndu, nke na-eji iji nọgide na arụmọrụ nke oge a na kọmputa na netwọk. Nke a protocol agụnye mmejuputa dị iche iche ihe nke akụrụngwa - akara na jikwaa nkesa ngwaọrụ, etozu ozi. N'otu oge ya mere-akpali ndị MIB data isi nke a na ngwaọrụ.

Site etozu ozi n'ime SNMP protocol na-rụrụ:

- arịọ otu ma ọ bụ karịa MIB kwa;

- sequentially agụ dị iche iche ụkpụrụ dị iche iche kwa, n'ihi na ihe atụ, tabular;

- mwube kpọmkwem ụkpụrụ maka otu ma ọ bụ karịa MIB variables;

- nloghachi devaysom omume a akpan akpan arịrịọ si na ngwaọrụ ọzọ;

- iji zipu ngosi ozi n'otu ma ọ bụ netwọk ọzọ Filiks.

MIB algọridim nwere ike ịbụ ma nkịtị ka niile ngwaọrụ, na ndị na-kenyere emepụta maka kpọmkwem ụdị nke netwọk akụrụngwa.

Gịnị bụ na ọ na - SNMP si ele ihe anya nke uru maka taa IT-ahịa? Nke a technology bụ n'ụzọ doro anya n'etiti ndị kasị mkpa, na na ọtụtụ mgbe ọ dịghị ọzọ. Na nke a n'agbanyeghị na ya dị mfe, nke Otú ọ dị, bụ n'ihi afọ nke mmepe na nchikota nke netwọk ụkpụrụ, na òkè nke na-eduga na ngwá Nsukka.

Network Communications, dị ka akụkụ nke nke ga-agụnye ekwe omume nke MIB protocol-agụnye iji ihe omume oru, nakwa dị ka ngwa-elekọta mmadụ. The mbụ eduzi ìgwè abụọ, mgbe ahụ, software anamde devaysa arụmọrụ nke ụfọdụ algọridim. Ọzọkwa, data nnyefe a rụrụ dị ka ike atụmatụ si ngwa gị n'ụlọnga ka usoro ihe omume faili.

kọmputa na netwọk nwere ike na-achịkwa site na isi ihe nkesa. N'ihi na nke a pụrụ iche usoro ihe omume, n'ihi na ihe atụ, Zabbix nwere ike ịbụ aka. SNMP - protocol akwado omume na ike na-agba ọsọ dị iche iche sistem. SNMP e izizi maka Unix, kama e kere iche iche nke software, nke kwere ka ọ na-eji na-arụ ọrụ usoro Windows, Sun Solaris.

N'ihi ya, ọ bụ - SNMP? The International Standard na-enye ohere, na mbụ, iwekota ngwọta si multiple mgbere. Ná mmalite, management algọridim kọwaa ha onwe ha ụdị. Ma ekele na SNMP development ha ike iji n'otu iwu, nke kpaliri ina arụpụtara Ofe network, aghọwo ihe irè ọkwọ ụgbọala nke uto nke ahịa nke kwesịrị ekwesị ụdị ngwá.