Gịnị bụ pyrolysis? Akọwapụta echiche nke usoro

Gịnị bụ pyrolysis? Gịnị bụ uru o nwere maka oge a chemical ụlọ ọrụ? Anyị ga-obibi na nke.

Na pyrolysis nke hydrocarbons

Ya mere, ihe bụ pyrolysis? The definition nke usoro a na-agụnye ihe kwes decomposition nke organic compound enweghị ọnụnọ nke oxygen. Doro disintegration mmanụ, coal, osisi. Mgbe usoro na-arụpụta njikọ gas, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ na ọgwụgwụ na ngwaahịa.

usoro Atụmatụ

pyrolysis mmeghachi omume a na-rụrụ na a okpomọkụ nke 800 na 900 degrees. Nke a usoro a na-ewere isi otu nke e guzobere ethylene. Nke a unsaturated hydrocarbon bụ ihe dị mkpa feedstock maka a dịgasị iche iche nke organic ogige: benzene, divinyl propylene.

osisi pyrolysis

Na-arụrịta ụka ihe pyrolysis, anyị mara na nke mbụ a technology bụ chemical nhazi nke mmanụ na gas e patented AA Summer na 1877. Gịnị bụ pyrolysis nke osisi? Mmeghari a na-rụrụ na a okpomọkụ nke banyere 500 degrees. Ọ jikọtara guzobe oké egwu mmiri ndị dị otú ahụ na na ngwaahịa dị ka acetic acid, unyi, resin, acetone. Nyere na mba anyị bụ a "akụ" oké ọhịa na Russia na-arụ ọrụ nnukwu osisi maka nku pyrolysis usoro.

pyrolysis n'efu

Pyrolysis nke n'efu bụ a pụrụ iche oru ngo maka mbibi nke ezinụlọ n'efu. The mgbagwoju anya nke pyrolysis nke plastik, na taya, dị iche iche organic n'efu n'ihi na eziokwu na-ẹkekerede dị iche iche nkà na ụzụ, nke dị iche na budata si usoro nke nhazi ọzọ siri ike ihe.

The mejupụtara nke ọtụtụ n'efu sọlfọ, chlorine, site, nke mgbe ọxịdashọn (guzobere oxides) nweta Njirimara volatility. The pyrolysis na ngwaahịa ndị a iyi egwu na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Mgbe mmekọrịta nke chlorine na organic bekee kpụrụ mgbe ẹkụre decomposition usoro, e nwere otu emission adịgide adịgide ajoo ulo oru ngo ogige dị ka dioxins. Iji weghara ndị a ngwaahịa emit anwụrụ ọkụ, na-achọ a pụrụ iche echichi nke pyrolysis. Ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro na-achọ ịrịba ihe onwunwe akwụ ụgwọ.

N'ihi na mba Europe, nke oké obibi mkpa bụ nsogbu nke imegharị ihe maka iji ochie na taya, roba mmiri nke mezuru ha ọrụ ndụ. N'ihi na eziokwu na eke mmanụ feedstock bụ irreplaceable echiche minerals, a ga-eji na-na kacha ruo n'ókè nke abụọ ego.

Of ezinụlọ na-ewu ụlọ irighiri nwere ike inwe a nnukwu dịgasị iche iche nke bekee nke organic na inorganic mejupụtara, ya mere na ọ dị mkpa ịzụlite a ulo oru ebe.

Polymers na taya ndị a ukwuu bara uru akụrụngwa. Mgbe nhazi site ala-okpomọkụ pyrolysis pụrụ inweta mmiri mmiri nta nke jupụta hydrocarbons (sịntetik mmanụ), a combustible gas, carbon fọduru na metal ụdọ. Mgbe ọkụ tọn roba taya tọhapụrụ n'ime ikuku nke iji nke 270 n'arọ nke carbon nwa na banyere 450 n'arọ nke gaseous nsi.

njikọ gas

Nke a ngwakọta nke hydrogen na carbon monoxide (2). Ke ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ ya na-enwetara site na-eduzi uzuoku ịgbazigharị nke methane, gasification nke coal, methane ọxịdashọn nhazi nke organic n'efu. Dabere na nkà na ụzụ nke na-amị a njikọ gas, agaghi asu ruru nke carbon monoxide na hydrogen nwere ike ịdị iche iche n'ime nso nke si 1: 1 ka 1: 3.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi ngwa nke akụrụngwa ọ na-ewe ebe pụrụ iche n'ichepụta methanol na Fischer-Tropsch njikọ. Ọ na-ezo aka a chemical mmeghachi omume na pụtara na ọnụnọ nke a mkpali. Ọ mejupụtara na akakabarede nke carbon monoxide na hydrogen na a dịgasị iche iche nke mmiri mmiri hydrocarbons. Ihu ọma dị ka akpali (accelerators) a na mmekọrịta họrọ cobalt na ígwè.

The specificity nke usoro a ike na-emepụta sịntetik ihe maka ha ngwa n'ụdị a sịntetik n'ígwè mmanụ ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọala.

Specificity inweta

Gịnị bụ onwu nke mmeghachi omume? Ka anyị gbalịa ịghọta ihe ọ bụ. Definition pyrolysis e tụlere n'elu, na ugbu a na-eche banyere atụmatụ nke a chemical usoro. Fischer-Tropsch usoro na-agụnye omume ndị methane na oxygen. Mmeghachi omume na ngwaahịa ndị carbon monoxide na hydrogen. The mmeghachi omume nye alkane usoro hydrocarbon na mmiri vepo. Ọ kpụrụ hydrocarbon na ngwaahịa mgbe ọcha na-eji ike a sịntetik mmanụ.

pyrolysis Meaning

Carbon monoxide gas na hydrogen gas kpụrụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ọxịdashọn nke osisi na nke coal. The uru nke ndị dị otú a usoro bụ guzobe nke siri ike akụrụngwa (n'efu hydrocarbon ma ọ bụ coal) hydrogen ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri hydrocarbons.

Mgbe nonoxidative pyrolysis nke siri ike n'efu bụ ugbu a na chemical ụlọ ọrụ mepụtara njikọ gas. Ụfọdụ n'ime ya na-eji na a ụgbọala mmanụ ụgbọala enweghị n'ihu nhazi site na-edo na-Fischer-Tropsch mmeghachi omume. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na-eji a na mmiri mmiri na mmanụ ụgbọala yiri paraffins na mmanu etinyere mfe chemical technology.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa iji dịkwuo ego nke hydrogen mepụtara a mgbanwe olu nke uzuoku na-obibi na a akụkụ chemical ịha. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, mgbe ẹkụre mmeghachi omume na-emepụta hydrogen na carbon dioxide.

Improvement technology

Mgbe ọ chọpụtara, mere ke 1920 site German na-eme nnyocha Hans Tropsch na Frantsem Fisherom, technology ugboro ugboro modernized, mma. Nke nta nke nta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke sịntetik mmanụ ụgbọala kere pyrolysis, na Germany ruru 124 puku orù kwa ụbọchị. Dị otú ahụ na-egosi ikodu ke 1944.

modernity

N'oge, e nwere ihe abụọ bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-eji ya Fischer-Tropsch technology. Ọtụtụ mmanụ dizel-emepụta site na pyrolysis nke South Africa, ụdi ọxịdashọn ngwaahịa kpụrụ.

Akpan akpan ntị e nyere chemical technology enwetara mgbe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị malitere ịchọ ụzọ na-emepụta ala-sọlfọ dizel bekee ike ime ka kacha nta mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ka ihe atụ, US na ụlọ ọrụ ugbu a na-feedstock họrọ Coke ma ọ bụ unyi, na-ekwenye ekwenye mmiri mmiri hydrocarbons nke elu mma.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị pyrolysis usoro a siri ike na nkà na ụzụ nwere ike ga-eji na a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ, a na-ejikọta ya na dịtụ elu ihe onwunwe akwụ ụgwọ maka Ndozi na mmezi nke echichi. N'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta, nke a bụ a zere, n'ihi na e nwere a ọchịchọ belata ụwa mmanụ ahịa.

ọgwụgwụ

World coal mee bụ nnukwu ezuru. Ha nwere ike ji mee ka a mmanụ ụgbọala isi iyi n'ihi na Mbelata nke dị oké mkpa mmanụ. Nnyocha na abuana ke mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ, kwenyesiri ike na site pyrolysis nwere ike na-akwa-edu hydrocarbons. Ha mara na n'ihi mmanụ ụgbọala bụghị naanị nwere elu gburugburu ebe obibi arụmọrụ tụnyere mmanụ, ma n'ụzọ zuru okè na-anabata-ejere na a price nso. Na ikpe nke a Nchikota Fischer-Tropsch na biomass gasification bụ omume na-ekwu okwu banyere a ekwe usoro maka n'ichepụta a agba gburugburu n'onwe mmanụ ụgbọala.

Sịntetik ngwaọrụ nwetara site pyrolysis nke coal bụ asọmpi naanị mgbe price nke mmanụ n'elu $ 40 a gbọmgbọm. N'ihi na mmepụta nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ngwakọta nke hydrocarbons dị mkpa itinye ego na nso nke asaa na itoolu ijeri dollar puku mmadụ iri asatọ orù nke sịntetik mmanụ ụgbọala. Technologies metụtara na pyrolysis usoro, ghọtara site nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi n'etiti ndị kasị environmentally friendly. Ọ bụ ya mere na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ mba ndị mepere emepe na-akwụ oké anya na mmepe nke ọhụrụ ụzọ na-amị hydrocarbon fuels, nke ga-ekwe ka ha pụọ na nke omenala mmanụ ngwaọrụ. N'ihi na nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ na mma ígwè pyrolysis usoro aghọwo budata dị ọnụ ala karịa na mfe iji nweta a elu-edu mmiri mmiri hydrocarbons. Ihe ngwaahịa na-eji ọ bụghị nanị dị mmanụ ụgbọala ma n'ihi na a dịgasị iche iche nke organic bekee.