Gịnị bụ transpiration? Atụmatụ mmiri oriri na osisi

Usoro mmiri oriri na osisi ahu dabere na evaporation. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-mgbagwoju anya site ọtụtụ anatomical na n'ahụ ji mara nke kụrụ.

Gịnị bụ transpiration?

Olu nke mmiri na anwụ na-amịrị osisi, ọtụtụ ugboro elu karịa ego dị na omenala. Na oge a na-akọ ugbo na-eme, ajụjụ nke echekwa mmefu nke mmiri bụ otu n'ime ihe kasị akpa. Dị ka K. A. Timiryazeva, transpiration usoro ya nile bụ a nkịtị n'ahụ nsogbu. N'eziokwu, ọ na-adịghị na-ewere dị mkpa maka osisi. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na omenala toro n'okpuru ala na elu iru mmiri, na nke mbụ ahụ, transpiration (evaporation) bụ ndị ọzọ ufiop. N'otu oge uto nke osisi bụ otu ihe ahụ ma ọ bụ ọbụna mma nke abụọ ahụ.

Transpiration: uru

Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ọ bụ uru na osisi. N'ịkọwa ihe transpiration, ị ga-akpa akara ya na-echebe ọrụ. Evaporation-enyere chebe osisi sitere ekpo oke ọkụ n'okpuru kpọmkwem ka ụzarị anyanwụ. Ka ihe atụ, okpomọkụ dị iche nke epupụta, na-erite mmiri ma na-erite nwere ike agbanwe n'ime 7 degrees. Nke a bụ nke otu dị mkpa maka usoro nke photosynthesis. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na mgbe overheated amalite mbibi nke chloroplasts. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, slows ala photosynthesis. The kacha okpomọkụ bụ na nso nke 30-33 degrees ya. N'ihi ya, ihe bụ transpiration? Nke a akuku nchedo, ka ha anabata okpomọkụ nke ọma.

The continuity nke ije nke mmiri

N'ịkọwa ihe transpiration bụ, ị ga-aṅa ntị n'ihe onye nke ya mma onwunwe. Ọ na-eme ka na-aga n'ihu ije nke mmiri si na mgbọrọgwụ na epupụta. Ọ na ejikọ niile ọcha nke osisi n'ime otu. Ọnụ ịnweta ogige ma nke organic bekee na-akpali ya na omenala ozu mmiri. The ọzọ ufiop bụ usoro nke transpiration, na kpu ha akpali. Ụfọdụ ogige nwere ike ẹkenam n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ a n'ezinụlọ ụzọ. Transpiration, na nkenke na-ekwu okwu, bụ ihe ome osooso na-anapụta bekee.

nhazi ọkwa

Ebe ha ghọta ihe transpiration, ị nwere ike gaba echiche nke umu. Na sayensị, e nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị ya. Transpiration nwere ike ịbụ stomatal na cuticular. Ke akpa idaha na evaporation a rụrụ site na stomata, nke abụọ - na ofụri elu nke mpempe akwụkwọ. Nke a dị iche mbụ mere na 1877. Hụ na transpiration bụghị naanị site na stomata, nwere ike ịbụ nnọọ mfe. Dị ka ihe atụ, i nwere ike na-epupụta nke apple. Na ndị a stomata bụ naanị na ala. Nke a elu ga iteto Vaseline. Evaporation ga-anọgide na site na cuticle, ma a nta ruo n'ókè.

Structure stomatal evaporation

Transpiration na-agụnye:

1. N'ịga mmiri si nile nke xylem cell mgbidi na symplast.
2. Evaporation na podustichnye oghere na intercellular oghere na n'ihu mgbasa n'ime gburugburu ikuku site na stomatal nchawa.

The ala na ikwu iru mmiri, na obere mmiri nwere nke gbara ya gburugburu ikuku. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ihe na-erughị podustichnyh cavities, evaporation ga-eme atugharị. Regulation nke transpiration nwere ike ịbụ stomatal na vneustichnoy. The mbụ a rụrụ site mmeghe na-emechi ndị pores. Na zuru cover maka transpiration na-belata odika 90%.

osisi ike

Frequency of kwa transpiration hụrụ ọtụtụ osisi. Otú ọ dị, dị iche iche nke akuku ịrụ ọrụ stomata emee dị iche iche. Na ndo-emede osisi, osisi, ọtụtụ ụdị grasses na osisi ndị ọzọ gidrostabilnyh, nke bụ ihe e ji mara nke a zuru okè ụkpụrụ nke stomatal transpiration, ọ na-amalite iti. Evaporation esịmde ya kacha nke ụtụtụ. Site n'etiti-ehihie, na transpiration ọnụego na-ebelata. Ọmume-ya a hụrụ ọzọ na mgbede na a ọnụ ke okpomọkụ. Dị otú ahụ evaporation osisi ike na-akpata obere diurnal mgbanwe osmotic nsogbu na olu nke mmiri na epupụta. Na gidrolabilnyh (-enwe ike ịtachi obi nkọ fluctuations nke mmiri ọdịnaya n'ime a ụbọchị) e unimodal na a ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu evaporation n'etiti ehihie. Ndien ke akpanikọ, na ọzọ ikpe, transpiration n'abalị ntakiri ma ọ kọrọ kpamkpam.