Grigoriy Samuilovich Landsberg: physics. elementrị physics

Onye nke kasị mma Soviet ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-amalite nke XX narị afọ - Grigory Landsberg. Physics ghọrọ ya ịrụ ọrụ dị ka a nwa. Ọ bụ ma ama dị ka a na-eme nchọpụta ọdịdị nke ìhè.

Biographies ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị

Na Vologda na 1890, a mụrụ ya Grigory Landsberg. Physics onye taa amaghị aha, ị nwere ike were. A mụrụ n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ezinụlọ a agadi forester na nwunye ya Berty Boym.

Ọ banyere Vologda ụtọ asụsụ akwụkwọ, ma n'oge na-adịghị akpali ya na ezinụlọ ya ka Nizhny Novgorod, bụ ebe o biri na-abụọ muta. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1908. Gold Nrite e ọdịda maka magburu onwe ọmụmụ.

Amụ na Moscow

Site Nizhny Novgorod na Moscow zitere Landsberg. Physics bụ ebe a na-aghọ ya mmasị isiokwu. Ọ banyere Physics na Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Na 1913 ọ natara ubre nke akpa ntaifiọk. Na nke a, na mahadum kpebiri na ya agaghị ahapụ, ma na-anọ na post of laabu nnyemaaka. Ikebịghike enye malite izi Landsberg. Physics, ebe ya na nkuzi, mgbe na-aga site a ọtụtụ mgbanwe e ji. Chọpụtara nwere ike ịbụ onye ọ bụla.

Ka ọ dịgodị Landsberg na-aga n'ihu na mahadum nnyocha sayensị, na-akwadebe na-enweta aha nke prọfesọ ke ogologo okwu. Nke a ọ na-enweta mgbe October mgbanwe na Civil War - na 1923.

Akụziri na Moscow State University, o duuru ruo 1951 na ọtụtụ interruptions.

Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ Moscow Mechanical Institute na Moscow Institute of Physics na Technology.

oghere Landsberg

Grigoriy Samuilovich Landsberg nọgidere na ebe nchekwa dị ka ụmụ na-eme nchọpụta na ubi nke Gbasara Anya na spectroscopy. Na 1926, ọ na-emeghị ihe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ahụmahụ n'oge - aka ịmata na-enyocha ihe ndị molekụla chụsasịrị nke ìhè na kristal.

Na 1928, Landsberg na-arụ ọrụ na otu n'ime ndị guzobere nke mba radio physics Leonid Mandelstam. Ọnụ ha na-ekpughe onu nke Raman chụsasịrị. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, nke yiri ndị mbụ nke otu ka Indian physics na nsọtụ ọzọ nke ụwa - C. V. Raman na Krishnan. Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị jikwaa experimentally gosi eziokwu nke chụsasịrị nke ìhè site na-ekpo ọkụ now ebili mmiri. Nke a nweta bụ tumadi na Landsberg ndụ. Ya mere, n'ihi na ya, anyị ga-ekwu okwu ọzọ.

Na 1931, physics ekpughe nhọrọ chụsasịrị nke ìhè. N'ihi ya amalite anụ ụlọ spectroscopy, ịmụsi molekụla interactions na mmiri mmiri, gas na solids.

Awards na Nrite

Na 1941, Landsberg natara kasị elu award nke oge ya - na Stalin Nrite. Academy nke Sciences nke Soviet Union, n'ihi ya, ọ na-ekwu na mmepe nke n'ọnụ ụzọ nke analysis of alloys na ọla. Nchoputa nwere bara uru. Mgbe niile, a yiri analysis metụtakwara organic mixtures na, ọzọ ihe, na moto mmanụ ụgbọala.

Emepe Landsberg keere òkè dị mkpa na mmepe, gụnyere ngwá agha n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe atụ na 10 June 1945, ozugbo mmeri, Landsberg e ọdịda nke kasị elu award nke USSR - na Order of Lenin.

na physics akwụkwọ ọgụgụ

Mara na elu ụmụ akwụkwọ, onye bụ a physics Grigory Landsberg. Elementrị physics, bipụtara n'okpuru ya editorship, wetaara ya dị otú ahụ nke ọma n'etiti ugbu a ụmụ akwụkwọ. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, bụ ndị kasị mma nke ẹdude ọmụmụ na ọmụmụ nke elementrị physics. Landsberg akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nweela nnukwu ewu ewu na na-ochie mgbe a na iri na abuo afọ. Ọ bụ kwuru na taa nwere ike dị na-echekwa 13 mbipụta. Na-ewu ewu na atọ mpịakọta nke physics. Landsberg jisiri inweta asụsụ ịkọwa ihe incredibly mgbagwoju anya ihe. Nke a kinematics, Ọnọdụ, statics, curvilinear ngagharị, hydrostatics, molekụla physics, Njirimara nke gas, mmiri mmiri na solids, na ndị ọzọ.

Modern nkụzi taa tụọ oké uru tọhapụrụ Landsberg. Elementrị physics, nke Nyocha natara nnọọ, si a anụ ahụ si ele ihe anya, na-atụle fọrọ nke nta niile ndammana na-ewere ọnọdụ Filiks na phenomena. Students usọrọ adaba na inweta Ọdịdị na nke ụzọ dum na-dị.

Landsberg dere elementrị physics akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ka a wider na-ege ntị. Taa, ọ na-eji na nkwadebe maka ntinye technical kọleji na na N'ezie nke iche iche N'ezie. Na na ọ bụ maka elu ụmụ akwụkwọ debara aha na pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na oru na ikuziri. Na ndị nile na-na-arụ onwe-akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ na-akwadebe ịbanye elu-akụziri alụmdi. Nke a nkuzi nke ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-atụle ihe kasị mma na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ banyere physics, otú ahụ mgbe nile nyegharị maka ọzọ ọgbọ.

nkà mmụta sayensị na-eme

Grigory Landsberg mere oké onyinye mmepe nke Soviet sayensị. Ọ tọrọ ntọala a ọrụ na spectroscopy, nke o mesịrị aga. Mgbe e mesịrị, Commission azụlitewo nke ukwuu nke na e ghọọ Institute of Spectroscopy nke USSR Academy nke Sciences. Nke a mere na 1968. Taa, Research Institute nke Russian Academy nke Sciences, dabeere na obodo nke Troitsk, Moscow mpaghara.

Landsberg na-otoro na-eke a akwụkwọ nke atọm na molekụla spektral analysis, nke ekemende wee si karịa iri na abụọ a ma ama na Soviet physics.

ìhè chụsasịrị

Ya isi ọrụ - oghere nke a onu maara dị ka Raman chụsasịrị, Landsberg, ọnụ na Leonid Mandelstam mere na ndabere nke ime nnyocha nke Moscow State University. Ọ bụ ebe a na ha malitere na-enwe ịchọpụta na-amụ chụsasịrị nke ìhè na kristal na molekul. N'ihi nke a ha na-enwe ike fọrọ gosi na amụma na Mandelstam na mbụ tinye n'ihu naanị na ozizi.

Official mara ọkwa nke ịrịba nchoputa nke physics mere April 27, 1928 n'oge a colloquium na Moscow State University. Ozugbo e mechara, mkpa mbipụta pụta ke Soviet na abụọ German n'akwụkwọ sayensị.

N'otu oge ahụ, dị ka oghere na nsọtụ ọzọ nke ụwa, na India, ọ anọwo n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mberede. Ọ bụrụ na Soviet ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-etinye ezubere iche nwere agbalị igosi a kpọmkwem amụma, ndị Indian physics achọ mmiri nke gbasasịa ìhè anyanwụ na gbazee na mmiri mmiri. Ndị dị otú ahụ nwere na-enịm ke laboratories. Oputara na-atụghị anya chọpụtara Raman chụsasịrị.

Dị ka ihe ndekọ na diaries nke na-eme nnyocha, n'ihi na oge mbụ, ha hụrụ a onu Feb. 28, banyere otu izu mgbe ọ chọpụtara Soviet physics.

N'agbanyeghị nke a, na 1930, ndị Nobel Committee ọdịda ya kwa afọ na-agbata n'ọsọ nke physics Chandrasekhar Venkata Ramana. Na okwu ahụ bụ "maka ọrụ ya na chụsasịrị nke ìhè na maka nchọpụta nke mmetụta", aha ya bụ mgbe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Na ụwa na-eme, karịsịa mba ọzọ oru akwụkwọ, a onu ka na-agba aha nke "Raman mmetụta".

"Letter na ọgu"

Ke 1955, Grigory Landsberg bịanyere aka na-akpọ "akwụkwọ ozi na narị atọ." Nke a uka akakabarede nke a nnukwu ìgwè akpa Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị ọnọde Presidium nke CPSU Central Kọmitii.

Isi nzube nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-ede akwụkwọ bụ a critique of Soviet bayoloji ke ufọt ufọt 50-ies nke XX narị afọ. The akwụkwọ ozi kpọmkwem eduzi megide Soviet agronomist na bayoloji Trofim Lysenko, onye na-eru nso na ụzọ a na-akpọ unscientific. Na akwụkwọ ozi a bụ mmalite nke a na-akpọ "Lysenkoism" - a mkpọsa nke mmaja megide USSR ọkà mmụta sayensị na geneticists agugo nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị na niile.

The pụta abụwo a machibidoro na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nchọpụta na USSR, na Lysenko e asuan si ya post dị ka onyeisi oche nke All-Union Academy of Agricultural Science aha mgbe Lenin. Na mgbe ihe, na management dochie na Soviet Academy nke Sciences.

Obere oge, Grigory Landsberg nwụrụ. Ọ nwụrụ na February 1957. Famous physics bụ 67 afọ.