Protein njikọ

Ndi na-edozi na-akpọ nitrogenous macromolecular organic bekee. Ha na-wuru si amino asịd. Ndi na-edozi ịrụ isi ihe aga-eme na ihe owuwu ma na mkpa ọrụ nke ntule, dị ka ha isi akụrụngwa na ọ dị mkpa. N'ihi ndị a organic ogige bụ a metabolism, ike akakabarede.

N'ihi na dịtụ nnukwu size nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, mgbagwoju nke ihe owuwu, nakwa dị ka enweghị ọmụma banyere bughi mejupụtara nke ọtụtụ ndị bekee na-adịghị ike a ò n'otu nhazi ọkwa nke na-edozi. The ugbu nkewa usoro bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu aka ike. Mgbe ya na-ewu a na-dabeere na anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara nke na-edozi, ha na isi mmalite, ndu ọrụ, na ndị ọzọ, mgbe mgbe, random, ihe ịrịba ama.

N'ihi ya, dịpụrụ adịpụ globular na fibrous, hydrophobic (unyi anaghị agbasa) na hydrophilic (soluble) ihe onwunwe. Nke a nkewa dabeere na physico-chemical Njirimara nke ogige. Dabere na isi iyi nke dịpụrụ adịpụ na-edozi nke ụjọ anụ ahụ, ọbara, muscle, na ndị ọzọ. E nwekwara nje, anụmanụ na akwukwo nri ogige. Dị na ndu ọrụ nke dịpụrụ adịpụ -hormones edozi, enzymes, ndi na-edozi, contractile na bughi ndi na-edozi,-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, na ndị ọzọ. Ọ ga-kwuru na e nwere ụfọdụ ogige nke ike-ekewet ọ bụla dị n'elu iche iche. Nke a bụ n'ihi ezughị okè nke usoro nhazi ọkwa na na ahụkebe di iche iche nke na-edozi onwe ha.

Na-ekewa compound na mgbagwoju (proteid) na mfe (na-edozi). Simple edozi bụ naanị amino acid Polymers. Mgbagwoju ogige, na mgbakwunye na amino acid residues, na-ebu na-abụghị protein ebighị.

Na nke ọ bụla cell e nwere ọtụtụ puku organic elu molekụla ogige. N'ihi na eziokwu na n'oge ndụ nke ahụ, ndị a bekee na-ebibi elu mee ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị, na cell ga-ebu pụta na-aga n'ihu njikọ nke protein wughachi ha organelles, membranes na ndị ọzọ na mmiri. Yana a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-enye nke e guzobere organic ogige nke ahụ niile. Na nke a "mmepụta" na-arụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, mkpụrụ ndụ na endocrine glands nke na-emepụta mmiri ọgwụ ahụ. Ebe protein njikọ nwere kasị ukwuu njọ.

Nwa ogige achọ bukwanu ume-akwụ ụgwọ. Source enye bụghị nanị na protein njikọ, ma niile cellular Filiks bụ ATP.

Ọ ga-kwuru na a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ ma na ebumnobi nke ogige kpụrụ dị na ha bụ isi Ọdịdị - na nsoro nke amino acid na molekul. Butere n'aka data on isi protein Ọdịdị nchọ na nucleotide yinye DNA molekul. Na òkè deoxyribonucleic acid, nke nwere ihe ọmụma banyere amino acid usoro nke a compound akpọ a site n'usoro.

protein njikọ ewe ebe na ribosomes na cytoplasm nke cell. The cytoplasm si ntọala ozi na Ọdịdị nke ahụ compound bụ n'ụdị mRNA (ozi RNA). N'ihi na njikọ nke ụmụ irighiri na RNA emee "unwinding" (despiralization) DNA mpaghara. Ụdi usoro na-ewe ebe ụkpụrụ nke complementarity. Iji enzymes ka a DNA yinye bụ synthesized RNA ụmụ irighiri.

The cytoplasm kwesịrị ịnwe a kpọmkwem set nke amino asịd. Ọ na-achọrọ maka protein njikọ. Formation nke ndị a amino asịd bụ n'ihi cleavage oriri organic ogige. Ọzọkwa, amino acid nwere ike inwe on kpọmkwem njikọ ngalaba (na ribosome), ebe mmasị a akpan akpan nyefe RNA (tRNA).