Organic okwu àgwà ha na nhazi ọkwa

Organic bekee - a bụ ogige nke na-ekewet nke atọm nke carbon. Ka ná mmalite nkebi nke mmepe nke onwu, ihe niile bekee na-kewara abụọ dị iche iche: ịnweta ma organic. Na ndị ugboro e chere na iji synthesize organic okwu ị ga-enwe ihe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị "ike ndụ" ndị pụrụ iche na a bi ndu usoro. Ya mere njikọ nke organic ogige si ịnweta agaghị ekwe omume. Ọ bụ nanị ná mmalite narị afọ nke 19, F. Weller gbaghara ẹdude echiche na synthesized urea si ammonium cyanate, ya bụ, o nwetara organic okwu si ịnweta. Mgbe ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị synthesized chloroform, aniline, acetate acid na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ chemical ogige.

Organic bekee bụ ihe ndabere nke ịdị adị nke bi okwu, na bụ staple nri ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ. Kasị organic ogige bụ ngwaọrụ dị iche iche ọrụ - nri, chemical, ìhè, na-emepụta ọgwụ wdg

Ugbu a, e nwere ihe karịrị 30 nde. A dịgasị iche iche nke organic ogige. Ya mere, organic bekee Ha na-anọchi anya ihe ndị kasị ọtụtụ klas nke chemical ogige. A dịgasị iche iche nke organic ogige metụtara na pụrụ iche Njirimara na Ọdịdị Carbo. Carbo n'akụkụ atọm jikọtara otu ma ọ bụ multiple (abụọ, atọ) agbụ.

Organic bekee. Chemistry.

Organic ogige ji ọnụnọ nke covalent C-C agbụ, na polar covalent nkekọ C-N, C-O, C -Hal, C- metal, wdg The mmeghachi omume na-ewere ọnọdụ ndị metụtara organic bekee nwere ụfọdụ atụmatụ tụnyere na-ịnweta. Na Jeremaya mere, nke inorganic ogige emekarị ion aka. Ọtụtụ mgbe mmeghachi omume ndị a na-dị nnọọ ngwa ngwa, mgbe ụfọdụ, kama na kacha okpomọkụ. Na Jeremaya mere na organic bekee ụmụ irighiri a aka. Ọ ga-kwuru na nke a ụfọdụ covalent nkekọ na-agbajikwa, na ndị ọzọ na-si otú kpụrụ. A, ndị a Jeremaya mere n'ihu ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na, na n'ihi na ha osooso dị mkpa ka iwelie okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ na-eji a mkpali (acid ma ọ bụ isi).

Dị ka ụzọ nke organic bekee na ọdịdị? Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị organic ogige ke ndammana synthesized na usoro nke photosynthesis si carbon dioxide na mmiri green chlorophyll nke osisi.

Klas nke organic ogige.

Nhazi ọkwa nke organic ogige dabeere A. Butlerov Ozizi. Ịhazi nhazi ọkwa bụ isi na nkà mmụta sayensị nomenclature na-enyere oku organic umi, dabeere na ẹdude bughi usoro. The nhazi ọkwa dabeere abụọ isi atụmatụ - carbon skeletal Ọdịdị, ọnụ ọgụgụ na pụrụ isi chọta nke ọtọ iche iche na molekul.

Carbon ọkpụkpụ - ọ bụ anụ dị iche iche chemical Jeremaya mere nke ụmụ irighiri nke organic bekee. Dabere na ya Ọdịdị, niile organic bekee na-ekewa iche iche.

Site acyclic ogige gụnyere bekee na a ogologo ma ọ bụ branched carbon yinye. Site carbocyclic ogige gụnyere bekee na cycles, ha na-kewara abụọ subgroups - alicyclic na aromatic. Heterocyclic ogige - bekee dabeere ụmụ irighiri nke anya nko kpụrụ atọm na carbonyl atọm nke ọzọ chemical ọcha (Oxygen, nitrogen, sọlfọ) heteroatoms.

Ọzọkwa, organic bekee na-nkewa site n'iru nke ọtọ iche iche nke bụ akụkụ nke ụmụ irighiri. Ka ihe atụ, hydrocarbon ọmụmụ (isịneke - na ha na ụmụ irighiri ihe nwere ọtọ iche iche), phenols, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, esters, carboxylic asịd, wdg Ọ ga-eti na onye ọ bụla ọtọ otu (COOH, OH, NH2, SH, NH, NO) na-ekpebi physicochemical Njirimara nke compound.